Nasal Cavity Cancer Research Articles

Solar ultraviolet-B exposure and cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1993–2002

BackgroundAn inverse relationship between solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure and non-skin cancer mortality has long been reported. Vitamin D, acquired primarily through exposure to the sun via the skin, is believed to inhibit tumor development and growth and reduce mortality for certain cancers.MethodsWe extend the analysis of this relationship to include cancer incidence as well as mortality, using higher quality and higher resolution data sets than have typically been available. Over three million incident cancer cases between 1998 and 2002 and three million cancer deaths between 1993 and 2002 in the continental United States were regressed against daily satellite-measured solar UV-B levels, adjusting for numerous confounders. Relative risks of reduced solar UV-B exposure were calculated for thirty-two different cancer sites.ResultsFor non-Hispanic whites, an inverse relationship between solar UV-B exposure and cancer incidence and mortality was observed for ten sites: bladder, colon, Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, other biliary, prostate, rectum, stomach, uterus, and vulva. Weaker evidence of an inverse relationship was observed for six sites: breast, kidney, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pancreas, and small intestine. For three sites, inverse relationships were seen that varied markedly by sex: esophagus (stronger in males than females), gallbladder (stronger in females than males), and thyroid (only seen in females). No association was found for bone and joint, brain, larynx, liver, nasal cavity, ovary, soft tissue, male thyroid, and miscellaneous cancers. A positive association between solar UV-B exposure and cancer mortality and incidence was found for anus, cervix, oral cavity, melanoma, and other non-epithelial skin cancer.ConclusionThis paper adds to the mounting evidence for the influential role of solar UV-B exposure on cancer, particularly for some of the less-well studied digestive cancers. The relative risks for cancer incidence are similar to those for cancer mortality for most sites. For several sites (breast, colon, rectum, esophagus, other biliary, vulva), the relative risks of mortality are higher, possibly suggesting that the maintenance of adequate vitamin D levels is more critical for limiting tumor progression than for preventing tumor onset. Our findings are generally consistent with the published literature, and include three cancer sites not previously linked with solar UV-B exposure, to our knowledge: leukemia, small intestine, and vulva.

Phase I study of CHP-HER2 polyvalent cancer vaccine, HER2 protein combined with a novel nanoparticle antigen delivery system of cholesteryl hydrophobized polysaccharides

2523 Background: Cholesteryl hydrophobized polysacharide-HER2 protein complex (CHP-HER2) is a cancer vaccine with a novel nanoparticle antigen delivery system, which is a complex of hydrophobized polysaccharides, pullulan (CHP) and truncated HER2 protein. Antigen-presenting cells, after incorporating CHP-HER2, can process the HER2 protein and present both MHC class I and class II-binding peptides, suggesting immunization with CHP-HER2 elicits both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses against HER2 antigens. Methods: Phase I trial of CHP-HER2 vaccine (LUD01–016) were conducted for HLA-A2402-positive patients with HER2-expressing refractory cancers. CHP-HER2 vaccine was subcutaneously injected every two weeks for three times at the dose of 300 micrograms of HER2 protein. The endpoints were its toxicity and specific immune reactions to HER2 antigens. Results: Nine patients were enrolled, including four patients with breast cancer, two with non-small cell lung cancer, and one each with pancreatic, urinary pelvic, and nasal cavity cancer. Adverse events were transient skin reactions at the injection sites (grade I) in all nine patients. No other adverse events were seen. During the trial, no tumor responses were observed, where eight cases with stable disease and one with progressive disease were seen. The median period of time-to-progression was 5 months. In all patients with more than three vaccinations, IgG antibodies against HER2 protein were detected. Western blot analysis showed that the antibodies also specifically reacted with the full-length HER2 molecules. For T cell immune responses, we prepared autologous PHA-stimulated CD4+ blasts (T-APCs) transduced with mRNA encoding HER2. The T-APC cells were used both for in vitro T cell stimulation and for target cells in ELISPOT assays. Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells became detectable after eight vaccinations, which subsequently increased in frequency with additional vaccinations. HER2-specific T-cell immune responses have been detected in three out of six vaccinated patients to date. Conclusions: CHP-HER2 is safe, and it induces both humoral and cellular immune responses to HER2 antigens. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Sulindac sulfide-induced apoptosis in sinonasal cancer cells

ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that sulindac sulfide can induce cell death in maxillary cancer cells, and that sulindac sulfide-induced apoptosis is related to the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/p38 MAPK--caspase 3 signaling pathway.ObjectiveHead and neck cancer is the sixth commonest cancer in the human body. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for most sinonasal cancers. However, little is known regarding the biochemical mechanism(s) of cell death in sinonasal cancers. Recently, human epidemiological and clinical intervention studies have indicated that sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits chemopreventive activity in colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether sulindac sulfide can induce apoptosis in sinonasal cancer cells and what type of molecular mechanisms induces the death of sinonasal cancer cells.Material and methodsSinonasal cancer cells (Asan Medical Center—Head and Neck Cancer 5) were treated with various concentrations of sulindac sulfide. The degree of cell death was determined by means of a fluorescence-activated cell scan and the signal transduction pathway for cell death was examined.ResultsHuman nasal cavity cancer cells treated with sulindac sulfide underwent cell death, and the induction of apoptosis occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, sulindac sulfide-induced apoptosis was abolished by treatment with the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors PD98059 and SB203580.

Influence of woodworking machine cutting parameters on the surrounding air dustiness

From epidemiological studies experts conclude that wood workers are subjected to an increased health risk of nose and nasal cavity cancer under the influence of oak- and beech-wood dust. That is why, pursuant to Croatian regulations, the limit mass concentration for oak- and beech-wood respirable dust is 1 mg/m3 and for total dust 3 mg/m3. In this study the dustiness of the air surrounding woodworking machines has been researched in two woodworking companies, furniture factory and carpentry. Sampling of respirable and total wood dust from the surrounding air was carried out during workday by the method of personal samplers fixed on workers suit and then the daily dose of workers exposure was determined. Measured mass concentrations exceeded the Croatian limit values: in the furniture factory 16% of samples for respirable dust and 18% for total dust and in the carpentry 38% for respirable dust and 65% of all samples for total dust. In the furniture factory, mass concentration of respirable particles was higher near the belt sander than near the circular saws. At the workplaces of these woodworking machines higher mass concentration of respirable and total wood dust was measured than in the air around other machines, such as spindle moulder, band saw and jointer. In the carpentry mass concentration of respirable particles near the circular saws was significantly higher than near the jointer or lamello router. The highest share of respirable particles in total wood dust are recorded at the workplaces with low concentration of total wood dust and around machines with cutting parameters achieve the lowest value of chip thickness.

Cancer of the nasal cavity: survival and factors influencing prognosis.

To determine overall survival and prognostic factors for cancer of the nasal cavity. Cross-sectional analysis of a national cancer database. All cases of nasal cavity cancer were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database for 1988 through 1998. Cases with distant metastatic disease were excluded. Tumor histologic types, TNM staging, and pathological features were computed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing overall survival. A total of 981 cases were identified, with 3.5% presenting with distant metastatic disease. After exclusion of missing variables, 783 cases were analyzed, with a mean patient age of 63.8 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common tumor histologic type (49.3%), followed by esthesioneuroblastoma (13.2%). More than half of the cases presented with early (T1) primary site disease, and only 5% had positive nodal disease at presentation. Overall mean (median) survival was 76 (81) months, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 56.7%. On multivariate analysis, male sex, increasing age, T stage, N stage, and poorer tumor grade independently adversely affected survival (P<.05). Radiotherapy was administered in 50.5% of patients and also independently predicted poorer survival (P =.03). The mean (median) survival for squamous cell carcinoma was 79 (84) months; only melanoma showed a statistically significantly poorer mean survival of 40 (30) months when compared with other tumors (P<.001). Age, sex, and staging variables have a significant prognostic impact in nasal cavity cancer. Melanomas of the nasal cavity manifest very poor survival.

Mortality experience among employees at a hydrometallurgical nickel refinery and fertiliser complex in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta (1954–95)

OBJECTIVETo study the mortality experience of workers at a hydrometallurgical nickel refinery and fertiliser complex in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada.METHODSA total of 1649 male employees of Sherritt International who worked...

Prevalence of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and nasal cavity malignancies in Amritsar, Punjab

The present study comprised of 1471 cases of carcinoma of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and nasal cavity diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Amritsar from January, 1972 to December, 1991. The oral cavity was involved in 35.75% of cases and least incidence was of the cancer of nasal cavity. The males outnumbered females with Male: Female ratio being 2.14:1. The maximum incidence was seen in the fourth and fifty decade. Histopathologically 88.18% cases were of epidermoid carcinoma followed by anaplastic carcinoma and least were a single case each of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and fibrosarcoma.

Update of the mortality experience of employees with occupational exposure to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP).

DBCP (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane), a nematocide, was used in the United States from the mid-1950s until 1977. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) restricted and eventually banned its use after the 1977 discovery of DBCP-induced sterility in production workers. The present study is an update of the mortality (1957-1989) experience of a cohort of 548 male employees who had potential for exposure in the production and formulation of DBCP. While adjusting for age, calendar-year, and pay status of all other Midland-area Dow Chemical male employees, there were 68 total observed deaths in the cohort compared to 72.1 expected (Mantel Haenszel Relative Risk 0.9, 95% Confidence Interval 0.7-1.2) and 19 deaths from all malignancies compared to 19.0 expected (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.6). Of the a priori anatomic cancer sites of interest, there were no deaths from stomach, liver, kidney, testes, or nasal cavity cancers. Altogether, there were 7 deaths from lung cancer compared to 6.6 expected (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.5-2.3). Among the 81 employees with exposure categorized as direct for 1 or more years, there were 3 observed lung cancer deaths compared to 0.9 expected (RR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-9.6). Smoking was a confounding factor in the interpretation of this observation. Although the present analysis nearly doubled the number of person-years from the original study, the conclusions remain limited by the cohort's size and duration of follow-up.

Mortality among workers at a plastics manufacturing and research and development facility: 1946-1988.

Mortality through 1988 was studied for 5,932 male employees who worked between January 1, 1946 and December 31, 1967 at a New Jersey plastics manufacturing and research and development facility. The cohort was followed for an average of 32 years and included 1,859 deaths. Potential exposures included asbestos, formaldehyde, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Mortality rates for the cohort were compared to both U.S. and state mortality rates, and analyses were also performed by lagging duration of employment. Based on U.S. rates, mortality among hourly males (n = 3,853) from all cancers was similar to expected [standardized mortality ratio (SMR), 102; 95% confidence interval (CI), 92-114]. Excess mortality among hourly workers was seen for pancreatic cancer (SMR, 146; 95% CI, 95-216) and "malignancies of other parts of the respiratory system" (SMR, 373; 95% CI, 121-870). The latter excess was due entirely to five deaths from pleural mesothelioma. There were no deaths identified due to nasal cavity or nasopharyngeal cancers, or angiosarcoma of the liver. Mortality from leukemia among research and development workers (n = 1,421) was significantly elevated (SMR, 265; 95% CI, 115-524) and related to assignment to process development. This study verifies the excess of pancreatic cancer among workers at the facility seen in earlier studies and observes excesses of mesothelioma due to asbestos exposure and leukemia in process development workers.

頭頸部悪性腫瘍に対する前頭蓋底外科

We performed anterior skull base surgery in 11 cases of head and neck cancer between 1984 and 1993. 1) Diseases included frontal sinus cancer (n=2), ethmoid sinus cancer (n=3), olfactory neuroblastoma (n=1), nasopharyngeal cancer (n=1) and nasal cavity cancer (n= 4). 2) The 3-year cumulative survival rate was 78% and 5-year cumulative survival rate was 65%.3) It has become possible to perform radical surgery for head and neck cancer invading the anterior skull base.

The hazards of operational diving in heavily oil-polluted water

AbstractThe war in the Gulf and the resultant massive oil spill has prompted an assessment of the health hazards to naval divers operating in oil-fouled environments. A review of current literature and discussions with experts in the field was undertaken to assess these hazards. With the assistance of Kuwait Petroleum, an assay of the content of average Kuwait crude was obtained. The risks of contact with crude oil and its vapours via the skin, inhalation and ingestion have been assessed. Contact dermatitis is the most likely sequel. A chemical pneumonitis from oil inhalation is possible but extremely unlikely. A health risk from ingestion of crude oil is equally unlikely since no toxic effect is thought to occur below a consumption of 5 ml/kg (350 ml for an average diver). Trace metals were found to be at a level of less than 1/10 of the minimal toxic dose for all but vanadium. No increased risk of skin cancer can be found in animal studies of crude oil. Epidemiological studies have recorded no increased risk of bladder or thyroid cancer in petroleum workers, but an increase in lung, nasal cavity, sinus and skin cancer has been shown following chronic exposure to low levels of petroleum vapour. No medical indication was found for modification of existing operational procedures, although, since the toxicity of some components of crude oil is unknown, the use of improved equipment to avoid contact should be studied.

Mortality Experience at a Hydrometallurgical Nickel Refinery in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta between 1954 and 1984

The mortality experience of 716 male hydrometallurgical nickel refinery employees who worked at Sherritt Gordon Limited in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta for at least 12 continuous months during the years 1954 to 1978 was examined. Mortality ascertainment was obtained utilizing the Canadian Mortality Data Base maintained by Statistics Canada and covered the years 1954 through 1984. Cause-specific mortality analyses were accomplished using male, age and calendar-year adjusted death rates for Canada and the province of Alberta. Total mortality was significantly below expectation (27 observed vs. 47 expected). Statistically significant fewer observed deaths were found for circulatory disease while multiple myeloma demonstrated a statistically significant increase of observed deaths. No deaths due to nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer were detected. Only one lung cancer death was found with three deaths expected (SMR 33). No association was found in this study between exposure to nickel concentrate or metallic nickel and the subsequent development of respiratory cancer.

A COMPARISON OF RADIOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN 31 DOGS WITH MALIGNANT NASAL CAVITY TUMORS

Nasal cavity radiographs and CT images from 31 dogs with nasal cavity cancer were compared. All dogs had abnormal clinical signs relating to ‐nasal cancer and histologic confirmation of malignant nasal cavity neoplasia. No dog had cyto reductive surgery prior to imaging. All radiographic and CT examinations were abnormal. CT was more accurate than radiographs in identifying unilateral versus bilateral nasal cavity disease and tumor extension into adjacent structures such as the cranial cavity, hard palate, and pterygopala‐tine fossa. The improved accuracy of CT in these respects was not of benefit in the confirmation of nasal cavity disease because radiographs were abnormal in every instance. However, CT may be useful for more accurate tumor staging, predicting possible treatment‐related complications, and planning of surgery and radiation therapy. It was also determined that one dorsally located radiation therapy portal bounded laterally by the medial ocular canthi, as described in previous reports, would not have been adequate for encompassing all abnormal tissue in 28 of the 31 dogs evaluated.

鼻腔原発癌の２症例

鼻腔原発癌の２症例

Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity cancer: different radiotherapeutic options, results and late damages.

From 1970 to 1983, 69 patients, affected by malignant epithelial tumors of paranasal cavities and nasal fossae, were treated with radiotherapy at the Radiology Institute of the University and Radiotherapy Hospital Department of Florence. Primary carcinoma of the maxillary sinus occurred in 44 patients, of the nasal cavity in 20, and of the other sinuses in 5. Most of the patients had locally advanced lesions (63 T3-4: 91.5%) according to the adopted TNM system (Lederman-Gadeberg, Sisson-Jesse). Crude survival data showed 35% and 13% of NED patients at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Local progression was the most important cause of death; patients relapsed within 2 years. The actuarial 5-year survival, corrected for causes of death other than disease, was 32% for the overall series, 32% for maxillary sinus, and 41% for the nasal cavity. There was no difference in survival in patients treated with conventional fractionation (CF) vs. multiple daily fractionation (MDF) -30% vs. 33% at 5 years. The late damages of the radiation therapy in 22 patients without local disease, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, is also analyzed.

Descriptive epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of nose, nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses

International incidence and mortality data for ICD rubric 160 (nose and nasal cavities, middle ear and accessory sinuses) are reviewed, the relative frequency data for cancer for each of the constituent anatomical locations presented and the histological types of neoplasms encountered tabulated to determine if geographical differences exist which might be worth further investigation. Relatively high rates for this generally rare disease were found in Asian and African populations, the highest age-adjusted rates, between 2.6 and 2.5 per 100,000 per annum, occurring in Japanese males. Independent of the higher rates, the extremely low proportion of cancers of the nose and nasal cavities together with the very high proportion of cancer of the maxillary sinus in Japan are in contrast with a much higher relative frequency of nose and nasal cavity cancer in other countries. These findings seem to justify further studies of these tumours in this country, particularly as none of the known aetiological factors reviewed in this paper explain the high rates for this cancer in Japan.

Trace Elements and Cancer

In regard to iron, malignant neoplasms are often seen in various organs in idiopathic hemochromatosis, and complication by lung cancer is especially common. In regard to the carcinogenicity of copper, large amounts of copper and iron have been reported to accumulate in the liver and spleen of patients with cancer of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and thorax. Increases in skin and pulmonary epithelial cancer, and the precancerous condition cutaneous keratosis (Bowen's disease) are seen as a result of chronic oral or airway exposure to arsenic. In addition, there is a report that leukemia has been observed in aplastic anemia and a report that arsenic causes cancer of the bladder, kidney, digestive tract, and liver, etc. Lung cancer is cited in associations between chromium and carcinogenesis. Nickel has been reported to be associated with lung cancer and nasal cavity cancer. High mortality from lung cancer in factories handling beryllium and increased tumors of the central nervous system have also been suggested.

Ten years' experience with radical combined craniofacial resection of malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses.

ALIGNANT tumors of paranasal sinuses account for but a small percentage of human neoplastic disease. This amounts to about 3 % of all cancer of upper respiratory and alimentary tracts or approximately 0.2 % of all human cancers. TM Watson TM found an incidence of 0.44 % of cancer of paranasal sinuses in a total of 26,062 patients admitted for malignant disease at Memorial Hospital. Nevertheless, serious study of these patients is merited not only because of peculiarly unpleasant suffering these patients undergo in terminal period but because it has been found practical to eradicate disease in a relatively high proportion of patients. It should be re-emphasized that only histologically malignant tumors are under present consideration. From a statistical point of view, several features suggest that radical therapy should provide a high cure rate. Some 80 % of tumors of paranasal sinuses are estimated to arise in maxillary sinus which has long been considered a surgically accessible site. 1 The tumors, appearing as they most commonly do in fifth to seventh decade, are predominantly carcinomas or adenocarcinomas and frequently of slow-growing type. 8 Certainly one of greatest difficulties in treatment is diagnosis of tumor in an early stage. Often, many months of symptomatic treatment is prescribed for protean symptoms of nasal obstruction, local pain, and epistaxis before a definitive diagnosis of malignancy is made. Despite late diagnosis, metastases are relatively uncommon. Of 68 patients with cancer of nasal cavity, MacComb and Martin ~x found that 12 % had metastases on admission and only 17% had metastases later in their course. This incidence is approximately same as that of Ashley Received for publication July 13, 1967. and Schwartz I who noted at autopsy that only 25 % of maxillary carcinomas spread beyond local area. Metastases usually appeared in retropharyngeal and superior cervical lymph nodes if primary tumor was in superior and medial portion of antrum. Tumors involving floor and lateral wall were more prone to show metastases in submandibular lymph nodes. Taken together, these features encourage surgical attack upon local lesion. Unfortunately, hopes of an en bloc resection through a facial approach can only be realized in cases with very small lesions, since tumors, even if primary in antrum, seldom remain there. The common extension of tumor into ethmoidal sinus and impossibility of removing this sinus en bloc through a facial approach is a particular deterrent to resection, since even as late as 1963, FrazeU and Lewis 6 warned that the entire cribriform plate can rarely be resected without creating cerebral complications ....

Cancer of the nasal cavity and accessory sinuses

Cancer of the nasal cavity and accessory sinuses