Lupinus Angustifolius Research Articles

Урожайность и качества зеленой массы сортов люпина узколистного селекции фиц картофеля имени А. Г. Лорха

The territory of the Kirov Region was place to conduct the field experiments on the cultivation and evaluation of the productivity of the green mass of plants of narrow-leaved lupine selected by the specialists of the A.G. Lorch Russian Potato Research Centre. For the growing season of 2022-2023, the amount of green mass per unit area in plants of the lupine varieties Accord, Fedorovsky, and Metsenat was significantly higher than that in the control plants (green pea of the variety Ukaz and field pea of the variety Ryabchik). The content of nitrogen, crude protein and crude ash in the green mass of lupin plants was higher compared to that of pea plants. The amount of exchange energy in the green mass of plants of the studied varieties did not change significantly in 2022 but there were significant differences in this indicator in lupine and pea plants in 2023. The difference reached 30%.

Insights from the yield, protein production, and detailed alkaloid composition of white (Lupinus albus), narrow-leafed (Lupinus angustifolius), and yellow (Lupinus luteus) lupin cultivars in the Mediterranean region.

Lupins and other legumes have been considered as alternative plant-based protein sources to soybeans for both humans and livestock. Furthermore, they can contribute to more sustainable agricultural systems. The productivity and chemical composition of legumes is highly variable between species, cultivars, and with the edaphoclimatic conditions. This work evaluated the adaptability of seven Lupinus cultivars in two different sowing locations, during two consecutive years, through the characterization of their seed, as a means of investigating their suitability to be used as a source of food and/or feed. Lupinus angustifolius cv. Tango and Lupinus luteus cv. Acos were the most stable genotypes across the environments when considering the seed and protein production, while L. luteus cv. Alburquerque and L. luteus cv. Mister showed less variation in the total alkaloid content across the environments. The edaphoclimatic conditions affected seed and protein yields, as higher rainfall resulted in high productivity. The lower temperatures observed in the first year at both locations caused a reduction in the production of alkaloids in L. luteus cv. Acos and Cardiga. Due to the high alkaloid content of some of the studied cultivars their use as food or feed can pose some safety concerns. However, these cultivars can have high levels of resistance to herbivore and insect attacks, which can be of the utmost importance for the use of these crops for recovering poor or exhausted soils.

Results of study of polymorphism of <i>Lupinus angustifolius</i> L. spike–like samples from VIR collection on valuable breeding traits

The spike-like (epigonal) forms of Lupinus angustifolius L. differ from the typical forms by transformation into pods of the first order branches in the upper part of the plant. There were lines and varieties of narrow-leaved lupine alternately subjected to three-year tests in the climatic conditions of the Moscow region in 2009-2022, as they come into VIR collection. The results of the evaluation of 48 spike-like samples were presented. Of these, a total of 40 non-alkaloid samples were selected. The carriers of the gene le (24 samples) and two genes ta и le (5 samples) were allocated. The morphometric parameters of the samples were characterized in accordance with the descriptor scale. The ranges of variability and coefficients of variation of indicators within the group were shown. The epigonal forms were characterized by weight of seeds in the range of 3.3-9.9 g per plant (on average for three years). The correlation analysis showed that the differences between the samples in the seed productivity were mainly due to differences in the seed size (r...0.51), in the number of pods on the main stem (r...0.53) and in the number of pods on the lateral branches (r...0.54). A negative relationship between the number of pods on the central brush and in the axils (r...–0.70) and between the weight of 1 000 seeds and the average number of seeds per pod (r...–0.55) was noted. The highest indicators of seed productivity had samples k-3062 75A/327 (Australia) and k-3630 B-23/86 (Russia) (9.5 and 9.9 g per plant). The leadership of these samples was due to the outstanding number of seeds per plant (67 and 70) and the number of pods per plant (21.1 and 26.3), including on the main stem (11.4 and 11.1) and on the lateral branches (9.7 and 15.2), as well as by the larger seeds (weight of 1 000 seeds 141 g). Both samples were low-alkaloid, and the sample k–3062 had non-cracking pods by ta and le genes.

OCENA JAKOŚCI ZIELONKI UZYSKANEJ Z MIESZANEK ŁUBINU WĄSKOLISTNEGO Z PSZENŻYTEM JARYM

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the share of components in the mixture of narrowleaf lupin with spring triticale and the harvest stage on the quality of green fod- der for livestock. Two factors were analysed in a three-year experiment: Share of components in the mixture at sowing narrowleaf lupin + spring triticale (seed·m−2): 120 + 0, 90 + 150, 60 + 300, 30 + 450, 0 + 600, harvesting stage: I – narrowleaf lupin flowering stage, II – narrowleaf lupin flat green pod stage. The most favourable quality of green fodder was obtained from narrowleaf lupine, while among the mixtures from the mixture with the highest share of narrowleaf lupine at seed sow- ing. These crops were characterised by the lowest concentration of crude fibre and its fractions and the highest digestibility, dry matter intake and relative feed value. The harvesting of mixtures at the narrowleaf lupin flowering stage proved to be more favourable in terms of the quality of the green fodder obtained. In order to obtain valuable fodder for livestock, the cultivation of mixtures with a seed share at sowing of 90 + 150 of narrow-leafed lupine and spring triticale, respectively, should be recommended.

Influence of different diets and sorbents on the accumulation of Cd in the muscle tissue of young cattle and pigs

The article, based on scientific research, examines an important problematic issue regarding the quality and safety of beef and pork during their production in the Polissia zone of Ukraine, affected by the Chornobyl accident. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effect of different diets and saponite sorbent on the level of Cd accumulation in the muscle tissue of young bulls and pigs kept in the territory belonging to the third zone of radioactive contamination. Two scientific and economic experiments were conducted. When growing Ukrainian black and white dairy young bulls, the influence of different silages (4-component cereal-bean mixture and Echinоchloa frumentаcea silage) on the content of Cd in the longest back muscle was studied (experiment 1), and optimization of the protein nutrition of animals was carried out at the expense of various feeds with a high protein content (narrow-leaved lupine and fodder beans) (experiment 2). In the third experiment, young pigs were fed various amounts of the natural mineral saponite as part of their diet, and its influence on the ecological quality of products was studied. Since different types and amounts of feed components were used when feeding the animals of the studied groups, it was necessary to balance the rations according to the content of nutrients for each of the presented groups. Regulation and verification of the nutritional value of the rationed feed was carried out monthly. When changing rations for animals, their growth, live weight, zootechnical analysis of feed, their nutritional value and feeding rates were taken into account. Sample preparation of fodder and muscles was carried out according to GSTU 7670:2014 with the help of dry mineralization, the concentration of the toxicant was determined by the atomic absorption method. The transition coefficient of Cd in the chain «diet – muscle tissue» in this study is within the established standards. At the same time, feeding by Echinоchloa frumentаcea silage contributed to a decrease in the coefficient of transition of Cd into the muscle tissue of young bulls by 0.68 % (absolute). The introduction of 30 % (by mass) of fodder beans into the grain mixture instead of a similar amount of lupine for young cattle (cattle) for fattening in the territory of radioactive contamination (the third zone) contributed to a significantly lower accumulation and transition of Cd into the muscle tissue of animals – on 25.0 % and 0.71 % (absolute), respectively. The inclusion of the natural sorbent mineral saponite in the amount of 3–7 % by mass of concentrated feed in the diet of growing and fattening pigs contributed to a reduction of Cd in the longest muscle of the back by 21.8– 37.9%, while at the same time it was better in terms of the sorption efficiency for excretion of Cd, which turned out to be a saponite dose of 7 %. Key words: young bulls, pigs, nutrition, different diets, saponite, accumulation of Cd.

Lupinus sprouts a new and potential ingredient in extrusion process: Physicochemical, nutritional and structural evaluation

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions of the extrusion cooking process using ungerminated Lupinus angustifolius flour, to later develop snacks with germinated flours for 3, 5 and 7 days. The optimal conditions were 16% feed moisture, 152 °C die temperature, and 47/53% lupinus/corn starch proportion. The water absorption and solubility index, bulk density, and ΔE values increased in extrudates with 7 days sprouted flour (EG7) (4.32 g/g, 19.68%, 643.60 kg/m3, 24.13 respectively). EG7 presented the lowest values in sectional expansion index and hardness (1.69 and 50.98 N respectively). Furthermore, trypsin inhibitors were inactivated during the extrusion process, and a reduction in phytic acid content was observed in the extruded products containing germinated flours. The concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were higher in the extruded products with 47/53% lupinus germinated for 3 days /corn starch proportion. Changes in the components of the secondary structure protein were observed, improving protein digestibility in extrudates with sprouted flours. The combination of processes can be an alternative for the development of a snack with improved physicochemical and nutritional properties. Industrial relevanceThe results show that sprouting and extrusion are emerging techniques in food engineering that, when combined, make it possible to obtain innovative snacks with potential benefits to human health. Lupinus sprouts are a potential ingredient that allows increasing the nutritional, physicochemical and functional properties of extruded snacks; offering an alternative of healthy plant-based snacks, given its growing demand by the consumer.

Chemical and biological characterization of the DPP-IV inhibitory activity exerted by lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) peptides: From the bench to the bedside investigation.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is considered a key target for the diabetes treatment, since it is involved in glucose metabolism. Although lupin protein consumption shown hypoglycemic activity, there is no evidence of its effect on DPP-IV activity. This study demonstrates that a lupin protein hydrolysate (LPH), obtained by hydrolysis with Alcalase, exerts anti-diabetic activity by modulating DPP-IV activity. In fact, LPH decreased DPP-IV activity in a cell-free and cell-based system. Contextually, Caco-2 cells were employed to identify LPH peptides that can be intestinally trans-epithelial transported. Notably, 141 different intestinally transported LPH sequences were identified using nano- and ultra-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Hence, it was demonstrated that LPH modulated the glycemic response and the glucose concentration in mice, by inhibiting the DPP-IV. Finally, a beverage containing 1g of LPH decreased DPP-IV activity and glucose levels in humans.

The results and perspectives for breeding of the green manure narrow-leafed lupine varieties for the productivity and morph-and-biological characters

The narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) has long been used as a green manure crop. Alkaloid content which is incompatible with forage varieties is a desirable trait for green manure ones. Alkaloids presented in plowed biomass of the green manure lupine have disinfected action for soil resulted in the lower infection of the next crops. The undemanding nature of green manure lupine to growing conditions consists of several features: it is an active nitrogen accumulator and provides 70 % of nitrogen for own needs, and its deeply penetrated root system allows make up the deficit of nutritional substances in arable layer with use of sub-soil horizons. The aim of the study was to reveal perspective narrow-leafed lupine’s green manure varieties and breeding lines for grain and green mass yield, for length of the vegetation season, alkaloid content and other morphological and biological characters. The tests have been done under Bryansk region’s conditions (the South-West zone of the Central region of Russia) on soddy-podzolic loamy cultivated soils with the moderate fertility level. The objects of the research were seven green manure varieties and breeding lines of the narrow-leafed lupine which have been tested in competition tests of 2021-2022. The breeding line Siderat 265-19 stand out for grain (2.62 t/ha), green mass (31.9 t/ha) yield and for early maturing (84 days). Alkaloid content in its seeds made 1.003 %, the standard level. The article presents the results of structural analyses for morphological peculiarities and productivity elements of new green manure hybrid lines (the standard variety – Tshutchinskiy).). The No. 1764 (Siderat 46 x Kormovoy 344) had the best index for plant height. The No. 1749 (Siderat 46 x Bryanskiy siderat) picked out for grain productivity. The seed weight per a plant was 14.3 g and the pod’s seedingwas 5.2 seeds.

Pollen Development and Stainability in Vicia faba L. and Lupinus angustifolius L.

Commercially, leguminous crops (Fabaceae) are the second most important group of cultivated plants, just after grasses (Poaceae). This study focuses on the analysis of pollen development and stainability in two species belonging to the Fabaceae family: Vicia faba L. and Lupinus angustifolius L. Morphological analysis of the anthers at various stages of flower development allowed us to trace the processes of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis. Nine different cell staining protocols with diverse mechanisms of action, including acetocarmine, Alexander’s dye, aniline blue in lactophenol, Calcein AM, FDA, MTT, TTC, Lugol’s iodine, and aceto-orcein, were tested for their suitability in assessing the viability of microspores as well as pollen grains in both species. Among the applied dyes, four allowed for the discrimination between viable and nonviable microspores in V. faba, and six dyes allowed for this in L. angustifolius. For mature pollen grains, all dyes enabled differentiation between viable and nonviable cells in both species. The highest viability indications for V. faba microspores were obtained with acetocarmine (94.6%), while for mature pollen, aniline blue in lactophenol, MTT, and aceto-orcein yielded the highest viability indications (90.8–96.3%). In L. angustifolius, the highest percentages of viable microspores (64.9–66.5%) were obtained with the acetocarmine, aniline blue in lactophenol, and TTC dyes. For mature pollen, the highest viability indications (83.4%–92.9%) were obtained with acetocarmine, aniline blue in lactophenol, Lugol’s iodine, and aceto-orcein. The viability of V. faba pollen grains in an in vitro germination test showed that the highest pollen germination (61.3%) was observed on the BK medium (rich in minerals with 10% sucrose). In L. angustifolius, the highest pollen germination was observed on the media containing boric acid and 5% sucrose (70.5%) and on the medium containing 10% sucrose only (74.2%).

To the question of survival of the fungi Colletotrichum lupini var. lupini – the lupin anthracnose pathogen – in the conditions of the Bryansk region

The results of studying the viability of the fungus Colletotrichum lupini var. lupini, which is the causative agent of a dangerous disease of lupine – anthracnose, are presented. The purpose of the study was to determine the viability of the fungus under different terms and conditions of storage of lupin seeds and plant residues in climatic conditions of the Bryansk region. The work was done in 2018–2021. The object of research were the seeds, seedlings and plant residues of the Michurinsky variety white lupine and the Vityaz variety narrow-leafed lupine stored under different conditions for four years. Seed anthracnose infestation before and after storage was determined by paper roll method. The fungus was identified by conidia type using a light microscope. The viability of the fungus on plant residues (bean leaflets, stems) was determined by isolation into pure cultures on nutrient medium. It was found that infected seeds were the main source of anthracnose infection. In the conditions of a granary with a natural regime of temperature and humidity for the first year of storage the infection of white lupine seeds with anthracnose decreased from 8.1 to 4.0%, and narrow-leafed lupine – from 4.8 to 1.7%. After three years of storage, the number of the seeds with viable infection of the fungus was 1.1 and 0.4%, respectively. Consequently, lupin seeds from previous years pose less risk as a source of infection. The viability of the fungus decreased on the infected crop residues under room conditions and under the roof of the granary from the first year of storage. By spring 2021, it was 12.0 and 19.0%, respectively. The viability of the fungus decreased faster on unplowed crop residues. It was 2.0% in the spring of 2020 and leveled off completely by the fall. Decomposition of plant residues in the soil is faster than on the surface, and after overwintering, the fungus on them completely loses its viability and cannot be the source of infection.

Cladophora glomerata extracts produced by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction support early growth and development of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

The effect of the extract obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) from green macroalga Cladophora glomerata on the germination and early growth of three narrow-leaved lupin varieties (cv. Homer, Jowisz, and Tytan) was examined. The seeds of these varieties came from five growing seasons (2015–2019) and this was their successive propagation stage. In total, 45 groups were tested. Narrow-leaved lupin like other legumes have a beneficial effect on the physical properties and fertility of the soil. Its high nutritive value makes it suitable for the production of valuable fodder. The algal extract, which was screened for the content of active compounds responsible for their biostimulant effect was applied in two concentrations: 10 and 20%. The germination percentage, root, hypocotyl, epicotyl length and chlorophyll content in cotyledons were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The 20% extract stimulated the growth of seedlings of all lupin cultivars better than the 10% application. The Jowisz variety deserves special attention, as it has the longest root system of seedlings.

The ACE-inhibitory activity of alcalase, papain and pepsin lupin protein hydrolysates

Recently, Lupinus angustifolius proteins revealed their high potential to liberate bioactive peptides after hydrolysis. In our study, we examined the release of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from extracted lupin proteins after digestion by alcalase, papain, and pepsin. Three enzyme-to-substrate ratios were evaluated with three hydrolysis duration times. First, the degree of hydrolysis was determined using the ortho-phthalaldehyde aldehyde (OPA) method and then, the HPLC-DAD method was applied to measure the ACE-inhibitory activity. According to our results, all hydrolysates possessed ACE inhibitory properties. The calculated IC50 concentrations varied from 0.26 ± 0.59 to 2.19 ± 0.23 μg.ml-1. The peptides with the lowest IC50 values were produced by pepsin (ΔIC50 = 0.33 ± 0.40 μg.ml-1), followed by papain (ΔIC50 = 0.67 ± 0.61 μg.ml-1), and alcalase (ΔIC50 = 1.78 ± 0.92 μg.ml-1). Further research on bioavailability is required to demonstrate the beneficial effects of bioactive peptides on human health, since they have to resist digestive processing pass the intestinal barrier, and reach the bloodstream and intended organs.

Functional Association between Storage Protein Mobilization and Redox Signaling in Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Seed Germination and Seedling Development.

(1) Background: Seed storage mobilization, together with oxidative metabolism, with the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle as a crucial signaling and metabolic functional crossroad, is one of the main regulators of the control of cell morphogenesis and division, a fundamental physiological process driving seed germination and seedling growth. This study aims to characterize the cellular changes, composition, and patterns of the protein mobilization and ROS-dependent gene expression of redox metabolism in Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin, NLL) cotyledons during seed germination. (2) Methods: We performed gene expression analyses via RT-qPCR for conglutins α (1, 2, and 3), β (1, 2, and 5), γ (1, 2), and δ (2 and 4), including a ubiquitin gene as a control, and for redox metabolism-related genes; GADPH was used as a control gene. A microscopic study was developed on cotyledon samples from different germination stages, including as IMB (imbibition), and 2-5, 7, 9, and 11 DAI (days after imbibition), which were processed for light microscopy. SDS-PAGE and immunocytochemistry assays were performed using an anti-β-conglutin antibody (Agrisera), and an anti-rabbit IgG Daylight 488-conjugated secondary antibody. The controls were made while omitting primary Ab. (3) Results and Discussion: Our results showed that a large amount of seed storage protein (SSP) accumulates in protein bodies (PBs) and mobilizes during germination. Families of conglutins (β and γ) may play important roles as functional and signaling molecules, beyond the storage function, at intermediate steps of the seed germination process. In this regard, metabolic activities are closely associated with the regulation of oxidative homeostasis through AsA-GSH activities (γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase, NOS, Catalase, Cu/Zn-SOD, GPx, GR, GS, GsT) after the imbibition of NLL mature seeds, metabolism activation, and dormancy breakage, which are key molecular and regulatory signaling pathways with particular importance in morphogenesis and developmental processes. (4) Conclusions: The knowledge generated in this study provides evidence for the functional changes and cellular tightly regulated events occurring in the NLL seed cotyledon, orchestrated by the oxidative-related metabolic machinery involved in seed germination advancement.

Intercropping of Hordeum vulgare L. and Lupinus angustifolius L. causes the generation of prenylated flavonoids in Lupinus angustifolius L.

ABSTRACT In agricultural production, intercropping is a widely used system with many benefits. Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a legume that contains a large variety of plant secondary metabolites, which have multiple functions in the plant, e.g. signalling, nodulation and stress response. An untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to investigate how the metabolome of lupin was affected by intercropped barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The only primary metabolite of lupin affected by intercropping was tryptophan. Several secondary metabolites were affected by intercropping in lupin, and five flavonoids were annotated hereof. The flavonoid levels were increased, and tryptophan levels decreased in lupin when intercropped. Two flavonoids are prenylated, and prenylated flavonoids are believed to play a role in the plant’s stress response. Furthermore, flavonoids are involved in plant defence and the nodulation process. Thus the present flavonoids may affect regulation of lupin N2-fixation activity. Highlights Intercropping caused a change in the secondary metabolites of Lupinus angustifolius L. Prenylated flavonoids were generated in Lupinus angustifolius L. as a response to intercropping Tryptophan was the only identified primary metabolite affected by intercropping

Differential patterns of within- and between-population genetically based trait variation in Lupinus angustifolius.

Within-population genetic and phenotypic variation play a key role in the development of adaptive responses to environmental change. Between-population variation is also an essential element in assessing the evolutionary potential of species in response to changes in environmental conditions. In this context, common garden experiments are a useful tool to separate the genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation. We aimed to assess within- and between-population phenotypic variation of Lupinus angustifolius L. in terms of its evolutionary potential to adapt to ongoing climate change. We evaluated populations' phenotypic variation of foliar, phenological and reproductive traits with a common garden experiment. Patterns of functional trait variation were assessed with (1) mixed model analyses and coefficients of variation (CVs) with confidence intervals, (2) principal component analyses (PCAs) and (3) correlations between pairs of traits. Analyses were performed at the population level (four populations) and at the latitude level (grouping pairs of populations located in two latitudinal ranges). Phenotypic variation had a significant genetic component associated with a latitudinal pattern. (1) Mixed models found lower specific leaf area, advanced flowering phenology and lower seed production of heavier seeds in southern populations, whereas CV analyses showed lower within-latitude variation especially in phenological and reproductive traits in southern populations. (2) PCAs showed a clearer differentiation of phenotypic variation between latitudes than between populations. (3) Correlation analyses showed a greater number of significant correlations between traits in southern populations (25 vs. 13). Between-population phenotypic variation was determined by contrasting temperature and drought at different latitude and elevation. Southern populations had differential trait values compatible with adaptations to high temperatures and drought. Moreover, they had lower within-population variation and a greater number of trait correlations probably as a result of these limiting conditions, making them more vulnerable to climate change.

Формирование урожайности зерна люпина узколистного в зависимости от предпосевной обработки семян и нормы высева

To solve the problem of providing livestock with balanced feed, it is necessary to introduce into production the cultivation of leguminous crops that effectively use the bioclimatic potential of the zone. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment in the formation of agrocenoses of narrow-leaved lupine. The study was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental field of the educational, scientific and industrial complex "Agrotechnopark" of the Udmurt State Agrarian University in accordance with generally accepted methods and guidelines. The soil of the experimental plots is soddy-podzolic medium loamy with low and medium content of humus (1,8–2,3 %), mobile phosphorus - high (193-282 mg/kg), mobile potassium - high and very high (200-272 mg/kg ). The exchange acidity of the soil is from medium acid to close to neutral reaction (5,0-5,6). Be-fore sowing, the seeds were treated with the inoculant Rizotorfin (Rhizobium lupine) (1 l/t), plant growth regulator Melafen (5 ml/t), complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage (2 l/t), fungicide Maxim XL (0,4 l/t), complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage together with plant growth regulator Melafen, fungicide Maxim XL together with plant growth regulator Melafen, fungicide Maxim XL together with complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage. The untreated variant was taken as a control. The seeding rate is 1.0 million, 1.2 million, 1,4 million. Based on the experimental data obtained, the efficiency of pre-sowing seed treatment, which can be recommended to agricultural production to increase the productivity of narrow-leaved lupine, was revealed. Formation of the highest yield of narrow-leaved lupine 1,54-1.62 t/ha was obtained when pre-sowing seed treatment with complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage and its joint use with plant growth regulator Melafen and fungicide Maxim XL. The effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment is confirmed by a weak relationship between grain yield and root rot (r = -0,08±0,10). Keywords: NARROW-LEAVED LUPIN, PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS, SEEDING RATE, ROOT ROT, YIELD

How germination time affects protein hydrolysis of lupins during gastroduodenal digestion and generation of resistant bioactive peptides

Germination time is a critical factor that influences the digestibility and bioactivity of proteins in pulses. The objective was to understand the effect of sprouting time on protein hydrolysis (PH) and the release of bioactive peptides during digestion of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) to provide recommendations on the optimum germination time for maximum nutritional and health benefits. Protein hydrolysis was monitored during germination and digestion by gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, and the analysis of soluble protein (SP), peptides (PEP), free amino acids (FAA) and free amino groups. The anti-inflammatory activity of intestinal digests was investigated in cell culture assays. Peptidomic and in silico analyses of intestinal digesta were conducted to identify digestion-resistant bioactive fragments. Germination time increased SP, PEP, and FAA. During digestion, the PH and release of small peptides was higher in sprouted lupin than control flour. Intestinal digests from sprouted lupin flour for 7 days exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity. In this sample, 11 potential bioactive peptides were identified. These findings open the exploration of novel food formulations based on sprouted lupins with higher protein digestibility and health-promoting potential.

The contribution of factors to the formation of pollution of grain-grass-rowed crops in the north-west of the Russian Federation

The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the formation of weed infestation of fields in the crop rotation including cereals, row crops and grasses to understand the possibilities to manage the species composition and population of weed plants in the North- West of the Russian Federation. The experiments were performed in 2012-2018 in the Leningrad region during the fifth rotation with the following crops: narrow-leaved lupin, winter rye, spring barley with sowing of perennial grasses (red clover and timothy-grass), perennial grasses of 1 and 2 years, potato, spring rape. Weed infestation of fields in the crop rotation was depended more on biological features of cultivated cultures (species abundance 76,1 %, initial density 29,6 %, phytomass after harvest 21,0 %) than on individual parameters of weed infestation (3,5, 8,3, 17,7 %). The weather conditions were of decisive importance in weed initial formation (49,7 %), and, to a lesser degree, for such parameters as species abundance (30,7 %) and aboveground biomass of weeds (20,6 %). Weather conditions influenced the effects associated with the use of mineral fertilizers (interaction 4,0…11,9 %) and integrated plant protection system (interaction 2,9…12,0 %). Among the studied factors of crop production intensification application of herbicides in the variant with integrated plant protection system most affected the species abundance (26 %) and final phytomass of weed plants (26,2 %), whereas long term application of mineral fertilizers affected the initial weed infestation of agrocenoses (10,2 %), that was statistically sufficient in every year of the research (23,0…67,8 %). The combined effect of mineral fertilizers and herbicides most influenced the formation of the aboveground mass of weeds (interaction 0,9…5,0 %), especially in years with excessive humidity.

The causal mutation leading to sweetness in modern white lupin cultivars.

Lupins are high-protein crops that are rapidly gaining interest as hardy alternatives to soybean; however, they accumulate antinutritional alkaloids of the quinolizidine type (QAs). Lupin domestication was enabled by the discovery of genetic loci conferring low QA levels (sweetness), but the precise identity of the underlying genes remains uncertain. We show that pauper, the most common sweet locus in white lupin, encodes an acetyltransferase (AT) unexpectedly involved in the early QA pathway. In pauper plants, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) strongly impairs AT activity, causing pathway blockage. We corroborate our hypothesis by replicating the pauper chemotype in narrow-leafed lupin via mutagenesis. Our work adds a new dimension to QA biosynthesis and establishes the identity of a lupin sweet gene for the first time, thus facilitating lupin breeding and enabling domestication of other QA-containing legumes.

Content and uptake of macroelements in green fodder of mixtures of narrowleaf lupin with spring triticale

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study conducted in 2016–2018 in the temperate conditions to evaluate the content and uptake of P, K, Ca and Mg in mixtures of narrowleaf lupin with spring triticale grown for green fodder. Two factors were analysed in the experiment: A – the proportion of components in the mixture: narrowleaf lupine 100%, narrowleaf lupine + spring triticale 75 + 25%, 50 + 50%, 25 + 75%, and spring triticale 100%; B – the harvest stage the flowering stage of narrowleaf lupine, the stage of flat green pod of narrowleaf lupine. Increasing the proportion of spring triticale in the sown mixtures in relation to narrowleaf lupine resulted in a decrease in the content of the analysed macroelements by 8.9%–28.7% on a g/kg DM basis. The greatest uptake on a kg/ha basis of macroelements was found in the mixture with an equal share of both components. Harvesting mixtures at a later stage of development increased the uptake of P, K, Ca and Mg by 98.7%–111.8% because of greater DM yield, but reduced the content of these macroelements by 12.6%–20.8% in the more mature fodder. Mixtures of narrowleaf lupine with spring triticale can provide valuable mineral nutrients for livestock.