Narrow Geographic Area Research Articles

Mediating Role of Aesthetic Experience between Environmentally Aesthetic and Sustainable Development in Primary School Education System

Researchers in Guangxi Province, China, are doing research on primary school teachers to investigate the relationship between environmental aesthetics, aesthetic experiences, and sustainable development. To conducting an analysis of the data collected from 435 elementary school teachers who participated in a structured survey, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SMART PLS software was utilized. According to the conclusions of the study, there is a large and beneficial association between environmental aesthetics, aesthetic experiences, and sustainable development. Based on the findings, it is possible that enhancing environmental aesthetics could result in an increase in the number of aesthetic experiences, which could be beneficial to educational sustainable development. The research is restricted to a narrow geographic area and relies on self-reported data, both of which may restrict its capacity to be generalized. The research demonstrates that environmental aesthetics influence the educational experiences of primary teachers, notwithstanding the constraints that have been mentioned. The knowledge of this fact may have an impact on educational practices and policies pertaining to sustainability. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-013 Full Text: PDF

STRATEGIES FOR CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN THE BEED OF JHUNJHUNU (RAJ)

Biodiversity is under serious threat as a result of human activities. The main threats as like population growth, resource consumption, climate change and global warming, habitat conversion and urbanisation, over-exploitation of natural resources, invasive alien species and environmental degradation. Overgrazing, Overharvesting of Selected Species, Pollution, Toxic Discharges, Habitat Alteration, Competition, Narrow Geographical Area, Disease and Parasites, Habitat Aridification, Modification Homogenization of Ecosystems, Natural Disasters, Deforestation, Soil Erosion are other most important threats to biodiversity. Biodiversity provides essential goods for human welfare like as food, fibre, that’s most important. Plant diversity and the many ecosystem services that it provides are a key factor determining human well-being. Biodiversity is losses has-direct and indirect negative effect on living organism. Over the next few decades, as monoculture yields continue to decelerate or decline for many crops, and as demand for ecosystem services continues to rise, diversification could become an essential tool for sustaining development and ecosystem services.

Species-level correlates of land-use responses and climate-change sensitivity in terrestrial vertebrates.

Land-use and climate change are major pressures on terrestrial biodiversity. Species' extinction risk and responses to human pressures relate to ecological traits and other characteristics in some clades. However, large-scale comparative assessments of the associations between traits and responses to multiple human pressures across multiple clades are needed. We investigated whether a set of ecological characteristics that are commonly measured across terrestrial vertebrates (ecological traits and geographic range area) are associated with species' responses to different land-use types and species' likely sensitivity to climate change. We aimed to test whether generalizable patterns in response to these pressures arise across both pressures and across vertebrate clades, which could inform assessments of the global signature of human pressures on vertebrate biodiversity and guide conservation efforts. At the species level, we investigated associations between land-use responses and ecological characteristics with a space-for-time substitution approach, making use of the PREDICTS database. We investigated associations between ecological characteristics and expected climate-change sensitivity, estimated from properties of species realized climatic niches. Among the characteristics we considered, 3 were consistently associated with strong land-use responses and high climate-change sensitivity across terrestrial vertebrate classes: narrow geographic range, narrow habitat breadth, and specialization on natural habitats (which described whether a species occurs in artificial habitats or not). The associations of other traits with species' land-use responses and climate-change sensitivity often depended on species' class and land-use type, highlighting an important degree of context dependency. In all classes, invertebrate eaters and fruit and nectar eaters tended to be negatively affected in disturbed land-use types, whereas invertebrate-eating and plant- and seed-eating birds were estimated to be more sensitive to climate change, raising concerns about the continuation of ecological processes sustained by these species under global changes. Our results highlight a consistently higher sensitivity of narrowly distributed species and habitat specialists to land-use and climate change, which provides support for capturing such characteristics in large-scale vulnerability assessments.

Neighbouring Scots pine populations from contrasting climatic regions show substantial variability but consistent response to warming

Natural tree populations consist of individuals that exhibit intraspecific adaptive variation at a range of geographic scales, as a result of the balance between gene flow and selection. The spatial distribution and magnitude of such variation will influence the capacity of populations to adapt to forthcoming changing environmental conditions. The native Scots pine populations in Scotland represent what remains of the iconic Caledonian forest. Despite being distributed within a relatively narrow geographic area these populations occur across a steep East-West environmental gradient of increasing rainfall and temperature. We hypothesised that western populations compared to those from the east may be better adapted to warmer conditions and as a consequence, may respond differently to the increased temperature predicted during climate change. We conducted an experiment lasting 22 weeks in controlled environment chambers using a nested hierarchical design based on material from different regions (west or east), populations and families (half sibs). We examined the effects of two temperature scenarios, current temperature and warmer predicted temperature on percentage germination as well as growth and morphology of above and below-ground traits. Most of the variation occurred at the family level. Nevertheless, significant regional and population differences were detected, where eastern populations invested more in roots, exhibited fewer stomatal rows per needle and produced thinner roots. In addition, warmer temperatures had strong effects on early growth that were consistent in material from both regions and resulted in earlier germination, greater growth and biomass, but these effects were not accompanied by shifts in biomass partitioning. Although the strong effect of warming suggested temperature limitation for early growth in the study areas under current conditions our results did not support the idea that low seedling recruitment resulting from poor emergence and early growth would lead to a decline in Scottish populations of Scots pine under a warmer climate. Our results are informative regarding the adaptive potential in the populations and will contribute to the development of appropriate forest conservation strategies.

Internal migration from and to municipalities in Slovakia with the highest proportion of people living in Roma settlements

The municipalities in Slovakia in which the majority of people live in Roma settlements are characterised by several specific features. However, only limited attention has been paid to the process of migration and especially internal migration. The main goal of this article is the analysis of internal migration in selected municipalities with the highest proportion (more than 80%) of people living in Roma settlements. We tried to identify both the total volume and intensity of internal migration from and to the analysed municipalities, along with the available structural characteristics of the persons who changed their permanent residence. The results we obtained confirmed lower migration dynamics in these municipalities. We also found that economic factors do not play a significant role in migration within Slovakia. The most important reasons for migration were housing, for younger people following a family member who migrated, and, in older age groups, health reasons, especially in the case of emigrants. Factors behind the younger age of migrants from and to these municipalities include the fact that these migrants tend to complete education and begin some family transitions (childbearing, marriage) earlier than the majority population. Higher chances of migration were confirmed for more educated persons and, except among younger people, for people who not married. The results also confirmed the relatively narrow geographical area in which migration occurs, with most moves taking place over a short distance.

Are handloom micro-enterprises in India efficient? Estimation based on DEA and bootstrap truncated regression approach

PurposeAlthough handloom is a significant source of livelihood for millions of people in India, it performs poorly compared to other sectors of the economy, which may be the root of technical inefficiency. Until now, to measure technical efficiency, no studies have been carried out; therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate the technical efficiency in the handloom micro-enterprises in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study includes 427 handloom micro-entrepreneurs from the Indian state of Assam. Using bootstrap truncated regression, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to calculate the technical efficiency and identify the factors responsible for inefficiency.FindingsThe findings of this study reveal that handloom enterprises are 75% pure technically efficient, suggesting room for input reduction. The bootstrap truncated regression results show that education, prior experience, modern technology, ICT, bank loan, training, gender and location significantly influence the technical efficiency of handloom enterprises.Research limitations/implicationsDespite recent advances in the DEA method, this study used a traditional form of DEA. This study used only one output and a limited set of inputs. Better results could have been obtained by expanding the number of inputs and output. Finally, the data for this study has been obtained from a very narrow geographic area. The production practices of the handloom enterprises in other parts of the region and other states might vary considerably.Practical implicationsTechnical efficiency measurement has management implications for businesses because it allows entrepreneurs to determine how much less input is required to produce the same output. A meticulous analysis can pinpoint the causes of inefficiency.Originality/valueThis paper aims to make two significant contributions to the extant literature. First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no published document has analyzed the technical efficiency of handloom micro-enterprises anywhere in the world. The authors fill this void by systematically analyzing the technical efficiency of the handloom industry in Assam.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with solid organ transplants: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAlthough many studies have reported cases of COVID-19 infection in transplant recipients, most of them only involve a small number of patients and narrow geographic areas. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, morbidity, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 infection among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients by meta-analysis. MethodWe performed a literature search using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as of November 26, 2020. We included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, excluding case reports and small case series (n < 10). The pooled incidence proportion and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the combined results of forty-seven studies were included for the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was used to stabilize the specific rate variance. Publication bias was using Egger’s test. ResultsThe morbidity rate of COVID-19 in SOT recipients was 2.10% [95% CI 1.35–3.01], and the proportion of severe infection was 22.46% [95% CI 15.74–29.90]. The mortality rate was 17.38% [95% CI 13.72–21.34]. In the analysis by transplanted organ, the proportion of patients with severe infection was highest in recipients of two or more transplants 48.85% [95% CI 11.88–86.38]. The mortality rate was highest in lung transplant recipients 25.12% [95% CI 16.94–34.00]. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 in SOT recipients were fever (73.39%), cough (58.90%), and respiratory symptoms (45.77%). ConclusionSOT was a risk factor for worse COVID-19 outcomes, although the morbidity of COVID-19 in SOT recipients was not markedly higher than the general population. These results may change when our understanding of the disease progress.

To Publish, Make Known and Sell or Promoting Printed Books in the Incunabula Period

The study To Publish, Make Known and Sell is based on verified existence of competition tensions between the 15th century typographers/publishers, related to the absence of functional regulatory tools of book production of the incunabula period. The increase in the number of book-printers within the relatively narrow geographical area, disregard of publishers’ privileges, the emergence of pirated reprints, as well as insufficient self-promotion on the book market through introducing novelties had concentrated typographers’ attention on devising new tools of securing their triumph in publisher’s competition – the so called book advertisements. The author has analysed 44 promotional posters of the incunabula period from several points of view and attempted to identify their design elements, which on the one hand showed signs of certain standardization, while on the other hand they were subject to personal creativity of their creator. She gives detailed overview of the circumstances of the origin, typographic design and contents of book advertisements of several kinds within the context of promoting either the existing or planned editions, of one edition or a group of books; specifically focusing on the unique types of advertising. In conclusion, the author cites the circumstances of the extinction of book advertisements related to the rise of the new promotional tool – booksellers’ catalogue and submits a bibliography of the book advertisements dating from the 15th century.

Phylogeography of Blue Corals (Genus Heliopora) Across the Indo-West Pacific

Species delimitation of corals is one of the most challenging issues in coral reef ecology and conservation. Morphology can obscure evolutionary relationships, and molecular datasets are consistently revealing greater within-species diversity than currently understood. Most phylogenetic studies, however, have examined narrow geographic areas and phylogeographic expansion is required to obtain more robust interpretations of within- and among- species relationships. In the case of the blue coral Heliopora, there are currently two valid species (H. coerulea and H. hiberniana) as evidenced by integrated genetic and morphological analyses in northwestern Australia. There are also two distinct genetic lineages of H. coerulea in the Kuroshio Current region that are morphologically and reproductively different from each other. Sampling from all Heliopora spp. across the Indo-Pacific is essential to obtain a more complete picture of phylogeographic patterns. To examine phylogenetic relationships within the genus Heliopora, we applied Multiplexed inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) Genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq) on &amp;gt; 1287 colonies across the Indo-West Pacific. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees indicated the examined Heliopora samples comprise three genetically distinct groups: H. coerulea group, H. hiberniana group, and a new undescribed Heliopora sp. group with further subdivisions within each group. Geographic structuring is evident among the three species with H. hiberniana group found in the Indo-Malay Archipelago and biased toward the Indian Ocean whilst Heliopora sp. was only found in the Kuroshio Current region and Singapore, indicating that this taxon is distributed in the western Pacific and the Indo-Malay Archipelago. Heliopora coerulea has a wider distribution, being across the Indian Ocean and western Pacific. This study highlights the effectiveness of phylogenetic analysis using genome-wide markers and the importance of examining populations across their distribution range to understand localized genetic structure and speciation patterns of corals.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in Patients with Solid Organ Transplants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Importance: Although many studies have reported cases of COVID-19 infection in transplant recipients, most of them only involve a small number of patients and narrow geographic areas.Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, morbidity, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 infection among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients by meta-analysis.Data Sources: We performed a literature search using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as of November 26, 2020.Study Selection Pooled incidence proportion (i.e., cumulative incidence) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined to estimate morbidity, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 in SOT recipients as well as clinical symptoms.Data Extraction and Synthesis: Cochrane chi-square test statistic, Q statistic, and Higgin’s I2 statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity among the studies. Publication bias and sensitivity of the included studies were also tested.Results: Forty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. The morbidity rate of COVID-19 in SOT recipients was 2·10% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1·35-3·01), incidence of severe infection was 22·46% (95% CI 15·74-29·90), and mortality rate was 17·38% (95% CI, 13·72-21·34). In the transplanted organ analysis, the proportion of patients with severe infection was highest in the recipients of two or more transplants (48·85% [95% CI 11·88-86·38]). Further, the mortality rate was highest in lung transplant recipients (25·12% [95% CI 16·94-34·00]). The most common symptoms of COVID-19 in SOT recipients were fever, cough, and respiratory symptoms, which were reported in 73·39%, 58·90%, and 45·77% of patients, respectively. Conclusion and relevance: The SOT was a significant risk factor for worse COVID-19 outcomes, although the morbidity of COVID-19 in SOT recipients was not markedly higher than that in the general population.Funding Statement: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

The Stochastic Frontier Model for Technical Efficiency Estimation of Interconnected Container Terminals

Nowadays, container terminals are subject to extensive technological changes and specific transformations. Changes applied to terminals tend to increase their ability to offer high- end personalized services to the customers and finally affect the competitiveness. The estimation of efficiency corresponds to terminals’ ability to increase the production with a specific level of inputs and has been the topic of many studies, especially those conducted on a wider regional or global level. The main objectives of our research are to evaluate the model, conduct sensitivity analysis, and estimate technical efficiencies on a sample of North Adriatic Ports Association (NAPA) interconnected medium-sized terminals, located in the narrow geographic area, on the same transport corridor thus representing each other’s competition. For that purpose, we have implemented a stochastic frontier approach on a balanced panel dataset of first-order and additionally introduced control input variables with Cobb-Douglas and trans-logarithmic functional forms. The stochastic production frontier estimation shows the range of NAPA terminals’ technical efficiencies from 65.24% to 93.92%, with a global average of 78.49% and a positive trend of 1.28% over the observed period of time. Our findings also indicate that NAPA terminals with the highest estimated technical efficiencies do not necessarily need to be the most productive ones, and vice versa.

Gun Dealer Density and its Effect on Homicide

We explore the relationship between gun prevalence, homicides, and other crimes in the United States from 2003–2019. Unlike previous research, which typically uses an indirect, state-level measure of gun prevalence, we use a direct measure of guns in a narrow geographic area: gun dealers. We find an increase in gun dealer density is significantly and positively associated with increased homicides in subsequent years. We compare estimates from our preferred measure, the number of dealers per 100 square miles in a local area, to estimates found using other gun prevalence measure and find our preferred measure to be more consistent in magnitude and statistically significance across three different estimation methods. We go on to show that gun dealer density is not significantly correlated with non-gun homicides. We also find that increases in gun density is associated with a reduction in some types of non-violent property crime. However, because of data limitations, these results should be taken with healthy skepticism.

Grad i obred – novi pristup proučavanju ranokršćanske i ranosrednjovjekovne sakralne baštine Zadra

Monografija Grad i obred. Zadarska svetišta i njihova liturgija od 5. do 11. stoljeća, autorice Ane Mišković, prva je monografska publikacija u hrvatskoj znanosti u kojoj se ranokršćanska i ranosrednjovjekovna sakralna baština nekog užeg područja proučava s aspekta liturgije koja se odvijala unutar crkve, ali i izvan nje, na području cijeloga grada.

Insights from Chloroplast DNA into the Progenitor-Derivative Relationship Between Campanula punctata and C. takesimana (Campanulaceae) in Korea

Of the nearly 40 endemics present on Ulleung Island, Campanula takesimana Nakai represents an anagenetically derived lineage of a continental progenitor, C. punctata Lam. Other than its low morphological divergence, little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of the species pair or the geographical origin of C. takesimana. We sampled a total of 240 accessions in 22 populations, including one Dokdo Island population, of the two species, sequenced four noncoding chloroplast regions (rps16-trnK, trnQ-rps16, psbD-trnT, and psbM-trnD; 4482 bp), and assessed the genetic consequences of anagenetic speciation. Based on chloroplast DNA, we found substantially lower genetic diversity statistics for C. takesimana compared to its progenitor, significant population genetic structuring in insular derivative species, and significant molecular divergence between C. punctata and C. takesimana. Mutually exclusive haplotypes were found in the two species, and the haplotype network suggested that Ulleung Island haplotypes were derived from the Dokdo Island haplotype, which was originally derived from a C. punctata population in Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. This study pinpoints a very narrow geographical source area and suggests the potentially important role of Dokdo Island as an initial stepping stone for Ulleung Island endemics.

Using lichen communities as indicators of forest stand age and conservation value

Evaluating the conservation value of ecological communities is critical for forest management but can be challenging because it is difficult to survey all taxonomic groups of conservation concern. Lichens have long been used as indicators of late successional habitats with particularly high conservation value because lichens are ubiquitous, sensitive to fine-scale environmental variation, and some species require old substrates. However, the efficacy of such lichen indicator systems has rarely been tested beyond narrow geographic areas, and their reliability has not been established with well-replicated quantitative research. Here, we develop a continuous lichen conservation index representing epiphytic macrolichen species affinities for late successional forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA. This index classifies species based on expert field experience and is similar to the “coefficient of conservatism” that is widely used for evaluating vascular plant communities in the central and eastern USA. We then use a large forest survey dataset to test whether the community-level lichen conservation index is related to forest stand age. We find that the lichen conservation index has a positive, linear relationship with forest stand age. In contrast, lichen species richness has only a weak, unimodal relationship with forest stand age, and a binary indicator approach (where species are assigned as either old growth forest indicators or not) has a substantially weaker relationship with forest stand age than the continuous lichen conservation index. Our findings highlight that lichen communities can be useful indicators of late successional habitats of conservation concern at a regional scale. Quantitative lichen indicator systems provide unique information about habitat conservation value that is not captured by traditional community metrics such as lichen species richness. More broadly, indicator systems based on expert experience can have strong biological relevance.

Defining catchment origins of a geographical bottleneck: Implications of population mixing and phenological overlap for the conservation of Neotropical migratory birds

Abstract Migratory bottlenecks concentrate individuals and populations of Nearctic–Neotropical migrants from across vast breeding areas. The extent to which such concentrations occur has important ramifications for interpreting migratory connectivity and for the vulnerability of populations throughout the annual cycle but investigations of such phenomena are rare. We inferred breeding origins of 11 species of Nearctic–Neotropical migrants captured during fall migration in the Darién region, northwestern Colombia, using feather stable-hydrogen isotope values (δ 2Hf). Our objectives were to determine (1) the extent to which this region acts as a catchment for individuals from across a species’ breeding range, (2) if temporal patterns of arrival arise as a function of migration distance inferred from δ 2Hf, and (3) if phenological differences among species segregate populations. The Darién concentrated populations of 6 species, with individuals potentially derived from 78% to 94% of their respective North American breeding ranges. The catchment area for the remaining 5 species covered 40–72% of breeding ranges, with a bias in origin from the west (e.g., Northern Waterthrush [Parkesia noveboracensis], Swainson’s Thrush [Catharus ustulatus]), north or center (Yellow Warbler [Setophaga petechia]) of their range. Differential timing in the migration of populations occurred in 6 species, generating a degree of temporal segregation. In contrast, peak migration for all species occurred in October, resulting in high overlap among species in their use of the Darién. Overall, our results describe high mixing of populations in the Darién for several species, which, given the region’s highly restricted geographic extent, suggests that a bottleneck effect occurs; however, comparisons with other regions in Central America and northern South America are required. The combination of extensive population mixing and limited temporal segregation over a narrow geographical area suggests that long-distance migrants may be especially vulnerable to events occurring in such regions, including adverse weather conditions and anthropogenic land cover change.

A Novel Integrated Subjective-Objective MCDM Model for Alternative Ranking in Order to Achieve Business Excellence and Sustainability

Achieving sustainability in constant development in every area in today’s modern business has become a challenge on the one hand, and an imperative on the other. If the aspect of business excellence achievement is also added to it, the complexity of the system increases significantly, and it is necessary to model a system considering several parameters and satisfying the multi-criteria function. This paper develops a novel integrated model that involves the application of a subjective-objective model in order to achieve business sustainability and excellence. The model consists of fuzzy PIPRECIA (fuzzy pivot pairwise relative criteria importance Assessment) as a subjective method, CRITIC (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation) and I-distance method as objective methods. The goal is to take the advantages of these approaches and allow for more accurate and balanced (symmetric) decision-making through their integration. The integrated subjective-objective model has been applied in a narrow geographical area to consider and evaluate banks as a significant factor in improving the social aspect of sustainability. An additional contribution of the paper is a critical overview of multi-criteria problems in which the levels of the hierarchical structure contain a different (asymmetric) number of elements. A specific example has also been used to prove that only a hierarchical structure with an equal number of lower-level elements provides precise weights of criteria in accordance with the preferences of decision-makers referring to subjective models. The results obtained are verified throughout the calculation of Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, and throughout a sensitivity analysis involving a dynamic reverse rank matrix.

Loaches of Homatula (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from the upper Salween Riverin Yunnan, China with description of three new species.

Seven loaches of Homatula are distributed in a narrow geographical area between the upper Black River (or Song Da in Vietnam, that is a major tributary of the Red River, including the tributaries Lixian-jiang and Tengtiao-jiang in Yunnan, China) and the upper Salween River drainage (including tributaries of the Nu-jiang and Nanding-he, the latter is a major tributary of the Salween River in Yunnan, China). These seven species are distinguished from other Homatula by the combination of having the body densely-scaled, the lateral line complete, and a short adipose crest along the dorsal midline of the caudal peduncle that does not reach the posterior end of anal-fin base or does not extend beyond the middle of the anal-fin base. Based on a comparison with the described species of the densely-scaled group of Homatula, we can confirm that the specimens collected from the Nu-jiang drainage in western Yunnan are different from known species and are described herein as Homatula anteridorsalis sp. nov., Homatula cryptoclathrata sp. nov., and Homatula nigra sp. nov.

Forecasting occupancy rate with Bayesian compression methods

The curse of dimensionality is a challenge that researchers often face when dealing with large Vector Autoregressions (VARs). Different approaches have been proposed in the literature to address this issue. In this paper, we propose a new method based on the idea of compressed regression. In particular, we introduce two novel nonlinear compressed VARs to forecast the occupancy rate of hotels that compete within a narrow geographical area. We make the models more flexible through the introduction of neural networks, and compare their performance against several competing models. The empirical results show that the new compressed VARs outperform all other models, and their accuracy is preserved across nearly all forecast horizons from 1 to 36 months.This article also launches the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Tourism Demand Forecasting, a special selection of research in this field.

Kidney Transplantation in Old Recipients From Old Donors: A Single-Center Experience

PurposeThe program Old for Old or European Senior Program (ESP), allocates donors aged ≥65 years to recipients of ≥65, within a narrow geographic area in order to minimize cold ischemia time, decrease the waiting time for elderly patients listed for kidney transplantation and expand the transplant resource in this group. The ESP is not officially applied in Greece. In our center, the Old for Old criteria have been used since 2003 for elderly patients who are candidates for kidney transplantation. MethodsWe aimed to retrospectively evaluate the results of kidney transplantation from donors ≥65 years to recipients ≥65 years (Old for Old group), by examining a 5-year actual survival of the recipient and the graft. Ten Old for Old transplantations were performed at our center and the graft and patient survival was estimated during a 5-year follow-up. This group was compared to a control group of 10 recipients under the age of 65, who received grafts from deceased donors aged ≥65 years; it was found that graft and patient survival was significantly lower in the Old for Old group (50% and 58% respectively), compared to the control group, with graft and patient survival 72% and 80%, respectively (P < .05). The main cause of death was cardiovascular disease. ConclusionsMore studies with higher number of patients are needed for the assessment of survival outcome between the elderly transplanted patient and those on dialysis listed for renal allografts to conclude whether Old for Old transplantation is beneficial. It is also important to consider a better pre-transplant medical evaluation with attention to cardiovascular status of the candidates and modification of the immunosuppression protocol in order to avoid serious infections and long hospital stays.