Typology Of Narratives Research Articles

The stories of social entrepreneurs

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to focus on how narratives are used to acquire social venture resources. Social entrepreneurship is a phenomenon of increasing significance. A key challenge for social ventures is resource acquisition. However, how social entrepreneurs gather the resources necessary to grow their organizations is not clear.Design/methodology/approach– This topic is examined using a multi-study, inductive, theory-building design based on 121 interviews, observation and archival data. In Study 1, 75 entrepreneurs, investors and ancillary participants were interviewed in the social enterprise sector. In Study 2, case studies of eight technology-focused social ventures were constructed.Findings– The result of this study is a framework explaining how differences in entrepreneurs’ narrative tactics and characteristics are associated with differences in their resource acquisition success. Specifically, from Study 1, this paper develops a typology of social enterprise narratives, identifies three narrative-types (personal, social-good and business) and shows that they possess unique elements. Evidence from Study 2 suggests that the three narrative-types serve as the building blocks for communication with external stakeholders.Originality/value– These findings contribute to three studies that formed the basis of the study – social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial resource acquisition and organizational narrative theory – and have implications for work on competing organizational logics. They also produce several practical implications for social entrepreneurs.

Guerra Civil i narrativa juvenil catalana: testimoni i literatura

The historical novel has been a highly cultivated genre in Catalan Young Adult Literature, but until the end of the 20th century, the topic of the Spanish Civil War was little dealt with. However, during the last twenty years many authors have chosen the Spanish Civil War and postwar period as a central topic of their literary works. The article analyzes this production taking as a starting point the revision of the interaction between reality and fiction ( the war years, the postwar repression, the exile, the concentration camps , the reprisals, the maquis etc. ). It also considers the narrative typologies, the ideology that they convey, the authorship and the paratexts of the books. Finally, the conclusions which are drawn highlight the significant role of these works in the consolidation of the novel for young adults and the vision of the conflict that they transmit, always from the point of view of the defeated and on behalf of peace, freedom, democracy and respect for the Catalan culture.

A visual typology of urban narratives: the photographs of Susan A. Barnett

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size NOTEAll images included by Susan A. Barnett, copyright 2014. Used with permission. All rights reserved. More of Susan Barnett’s work can be seen at http://notinyourface.com/ and in her forthcoming book T: A Typology of T-Shirts (London: Dewi Lewis Publishing).Additional informationNotes on contributorsTracy Xavia KarnerTracy Xavia Karner, PhD, is an author, curator, photography enthusiast and visual sociologist. She is the coauthor, with Carol Warren, of Discovering Qualitative Research: Ethnography, Interviews, Documents, and Images, 3rd Edition, (Oxford University Press, 2014), and is on the faculty of the Sociology Department at the University of Houston.

Narrating the self-injured body

Illness narratives have traditionally been used as a conceptual tool for exploring experiences of chronic illness or disease. In this paper, I suggest that Frank's typology of illness narratives (chaos,...

The value of words: narrative as evidence in policy making

Policy makers today rely primarily on technical data as their basis for decision making. Yet, there is a potentially underestimated value in substantive reflections of the members of the public who will be affected by a particular regulation. Viewing professional policy makers and professional commenters as a community of practice, we describe their limited shared repertoire with the lay members of the public as a significant barrier to participation. Based on our work with Regulation Room, we offer an initial typology of narratives – complexity, contributory context, unintended consequences, and reframing – as a first step towards overcoming conceptual barriers to effective civic engagement in policy making.

Constructing the historical narratives of organizations

Despite extensive scholarship elsewhere, organizational history remains relatively unexplored in the field of management. In order to help rectify this, we draw on the two most prominent branches of the history literature to construct a typology of organizational historical narratives—stories told to present audiences using objects from the past. In the process, our typology bridges the divide between these ontological and epistemological perspectives. Moreover, we then use this typology to theorize the conditions under which different historical narratives are of value. As a result, we build an understanding of the historical work conducted by organizations to re-construct the past, today.

‘I am not a tragedy. I am full of hope’: communication impairment narratives in newspapers

Individual attitudes and more general attitudes in society can negatively influence the functioning of people with communication disorders according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) (2002). Personal narratives have been recommended as the best means to convey and understand a person's life experience and have been investigated extensively. Investigations of personal narratives of communication impairment in mass media continue to be relatively rare in the literature. Published narratives can enrich understandings of clients' experiences by elucidating available representations of lived experiences of communication impairment. To answer the following research questions: What types of personal narratives of communication impairments are currently being disseminated in Irish newspapers? How are experiences of communication impairments represented in these narratives? The study was qualitative, deploying inductive analysis and drawing on Frank's (1995) typology of illness narratives to analyse narratives that were published in two Irish national newspapers over a 12-month period. The results illustrate the under-representation of communication impairments in Irish newspapers as ten out of 51 narratives in the corpus pertained to conditions that may have associated communication impairments. None of the narratives related the lived experience of a person with communication impairment in depth. A combination of quest and chaos narrative types was identified in six out of the ten narratives. Three out of the ten narratives featured a combination of chaos and restitution narrative types. One narrative was identified as being entirely a quest narrative. Three narratives contained elements of restitution. Inductive analysis revealed six main themes in the data (two for each narrative type) with one sub-theme identified for each main theme. The six main themes are: positive stances, re-evaluation of life, despair, fear, hope and support of others. The under-representation of the lived experience of people with communication impairments in Irish national newspapers may be seen as contributing to a general lack of understanding and awareness of communication impairments. This under-representation, coupled with a lack of awareness, may potentially affect the ability of people with communication impairments to re-engage with and reintegrate into their communities.

O tempo no conto "Testemunha", de Lídia Jorge

The aim of this paper is to analyze the time line structure in the short story “Witness” by Lidia Jorge, through the theoretical application of the narrative text study methodology, which is proposed by Gérard Genette, and also using other theorists who have studied this subject: Paul Ricoeur and Benedito Nunes. This tale allows this kind of approach because the writer uses the narrative time as a central category in her story, evoking childhood and school scenes, recollected by the main character. The change in the temporal order (anachrony) is evident in this narrative, and the discursive organization is subverted through temporal setbacks (analepses), which contribute to the motivation of the story. As a method, the time line survey contributes to the understanding of the configuration of analepses in the narrative discourse of “Witness”, as well as in its classification regarding the narrative typology: subsequent narrative, as a whole. Because it is a contemporary tale, inversions are noted in the order of the events, sometimes without saying, being reasonable, therefore, the analysis of the linguistic aspect (expressions, time evidence) in order to assist in the identification of time variations and, consequently, in the retrospective, movement of Lidia Jorge´s tale.

Ethics is for human subjects too: Participant perspectives on responsibility in health research

Despite the significant literature as well as energy devoted to ethical review of research involving human subjects, little attention has been given to understanding the experiences of those who volunteer as human subjects. Why and how do they decide to participate in research? Is research participation viewed as a form of social responsibility or as a way of obtaining individual benefits? What if anything do research subjects feel they are owed for participation? And what do they feel that they owe the researcher? Drawing on in-depth individual interviews conducted in 2006 and 2007 with 41 subjects who participated in a variety of types of health research in Canada, this paper focuses on subject perspectives on responsibility in research. Highlighting the range of ways that subjects describe their involvement in research and commitments to being a ‘good’ subject, we present a typology of narratives that sheds new light on the diverse meanings of research participation. These narratives are not mutually exclusive or prescriptive but are presented as ideal types typifying a set of circumstances and values. As such, they collectively illuminate a range of motivations expressed by human subjects as well as potential sources of vulnerability. The typology adds a new dimension to the literature in this area and has significant implications for researchers seeking more human-subject centred approaches to research recruitment and retention, as well as research ethics boards trying to better anticipate the perspectives of prospective participants.

Typology of Interpretive Narratives of the followers of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)

A large quantity of narratives in interpretation of the Holy Quran is related to the followers of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) s of companions of the Prophet Muhammad ( PBUH) .Investigating those narratives we see a kind of variation in His interpretations of the verses of the Holy Quran . Some narratives investigate the lexicology of the Holy Quran denotatively. They have also mentioned the reasons for the fall of the verses, the news of the nations and past events, the definition of short verses, and the interpretation of general verses. The variation of interpretative typology of the Holy Quran is of great attraction which implicitly shows the high scientific position of the interpreter and in turn leads to better comprehension of the depth and real concepts of the words of Allah by the audiences.

FRI0579-HPR Quest, chaos and restitution: a qualitative study of the experiences of individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome

BackgroundDiagnosis of FMS is curently made within a biomedical paradigm but remains contentious (Erlich, 2003; Hadler, 2004). Quallitative research (Sim and Madden, 2008) predominantly conducted in Scandinavia and North America...

“How do I apply narrative theory?”

Since the publication ofTranslation and Conflict: A Narrative Account(Baker 2006), there has been a growing interest in applying socio-narrative theory to Translation Studies, with Baker’s ideas extended and applied to several different areas of inquiry. This article gives a brief overview of these projects, and discusses in more depth the example of my own application and development of narrative theory. This includes a revised typology of narratives, the combination of narratological and sociological approaches, an intratextual model of analysis, and a new emphasis on the importance of narrators and temporary narrators in the (re)configuration of narratives. The article ends with a brief discussion on further topics within Translation and Interpreting Studies to which narrative theory might be applied.

Domestic food safety and the older consumer: A segmentation analysis

Foodborne illness surveillance has identified an increase in sporadic cases of Listeriosis amongst adults aged 60 and over in the UK. Although the domestic food safety practices and attitudes of older adults have been hypothesised as a potential cause for this increase (ACMSF, 2009; SSRC, 2009), there is limited data on this population cohort in relation to their domestic food safety beliefs and practices. To begin the process of addressing this deficit in knowledge, the purpose of this research was to profile older consumers according to their knowledge of, and self-reported practices associated with domestic food-safety. A structured questionnaire was administered face-to-face with independently residing older adults (n=213) living in the North East of England. Factor and cluster analyses revealed a three-cluster solution, which provided the basis for detailed narrative typologies of the clusters which were labelled: (i) ‘independent self-assessors’, (ii) ‘experienced dismisser’ and (iii) ‘compliant minimalists’. The findings acknowledge that: (a) the over 60s are heterogeneous with respect to their living and health circumstances, social networks and their food-safety knowledge and behavioural practices and (b) levels of potential vulnerability to foodborne illness based upon knowledge and self-reported practices can be seen across all clusters.

Translating eyewitness accounts

This paper uses concepts from socio-narrative theory, particularly the notions of ‘narrator’ and ‘temporary narrator’, and a revised typology of narrative to examine how eyewitness accounts of the Beslan hostage-taking were incorporated into some of the news narratives constructed in response to the event. Using online articles published in both Russian and English by three different websites, the study considers the few eyewitnesses who are selected to narrate, and ways in which each website controls the sometimes contradictory, multivalent narratives of its eyewitnesses so that they reinforce, rather than challenge or undermine, its overall narrative position. It also considers the impact of translation on these processes and concludes that in translation, the contribution of these eyewitness accounts is further diminished and even removed altogether.

A Typology of Narratives of Social Inclusion and Exclusion: The Case of Bankrupt Entrepreneurs

On the macro level, bankruptcies are an intrinsic part of market economies and result in restructurings of companies and markets. On the micro level, bankrupt entrepreneurs are temporarily excluded from the market and forced to reorganize their understanding of the market. While some seek their way back to entrepreneurship, others decide to find other means of living which may result in drainage of knowledge and experience from markets. This article aims at describing and analyzing narratives of entrepreneurs with small businesses that have been made bankrupt. It describes how they relate discursively to other actors in the markets in which they used to operate. Empirical data consists of qualitative interviews with 22 bankrupt entrepreneurs with small businesses in Sweden. The analysis presents a typology of how the bankrupt entrepreneurs position themselves in relation to the market. Some describe themselves as participants in the market, either as equal participants (the undeterred) or as unequal participants (the withdrawn). Others describe themselves as marginalized, either as marginalized but nevertheless standing on an equal footing (the analytical) or as marginalized and unequal to others in the market (the rejected). The discussion focuses on possible causes of taking these positions and social consequences they may have both on the micro and macro level.

Integrating motivation, risk-taking and self-identity: A typology of ICT enterprise development narratives

This article describes an original typology of enterprise development narratives that emerged from a study of the motivation, risk-taking and self-identity of nascent ICT (information and communications technology) entrepreneurs. The typology provides a multifaceted and integrated framework for appreciating an entrepreneur’s quest to align ‘who I am and what I do’ and achieve what we are calling the ‘self-enterprise fit’. As such, it promises to provide a valuable framework for (re)locating the ‘psychology of entrepreneurship’ in entrepreneurs’ experiences of enterprise development so that our understanding of new entrepreneurs’ approaches to enterprise development is enhanced and business assistance can be more effectively targeted.

Narrative Sensemaking and Time Lapse: Interviews with Low-income Women about Sex Education

Secondary-school students in the United States score notoriously low on tests of their reproductive and sexual knowledge despite attempts by educators and legislators to provide them with informative sex-education courses. In this paper, we build from narrative theory to explore how low-income women perceived their formal sex-education experiences and how they connected those experiences to their sexual-health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors. Drawing from interviews with 30 low-income women, we identify and develop a typology of sex-education narratives: narratives of regret, narratives of satisfaction, and narratives of uncertainty. We also investigate existing theoretical claims that lapses in time between lived events and the narration of those events connect to sensemaking efforts. We find that younger women in the sample were more likely to tell narratives of uncertainty than were older women. These results have implications for the study of narrative theory, sexual-health communication, and the discourse of public sex education.

A typology of practice narratives during the implementation of a preventive, community intervention trial

BackgroundTraditional methods of process evaluation encompass what components were delivered, but rarely uncover how practitioners position themselves and act relative to an intervention being tested. This could be crucial for expanding our understanding of implementation and its contribution to intervention effectiveness.MethodsWe undertook a narrative analysis of in-depth, unstructured field diaries kept by nine community development practitioners for two years. The practitioners were responsible for implementing a multi-component, preventive, community-level intervention for mothers of new babies in eight communities, as part of a cluster randomised community intervention trial. We constructed a narrative typology of approaches to practice, drawing on the phenomenology of Alfred Schutz and Max Weber's Ideal Type theory.ResultsFive types of practice emerged, from a highly 'technology-based' type that was faithful to intervention specifications, through to a 'romantic' type that held relationships to be central to daily operations, with intact relationships being the final arbiter of intervention success. The five types also differed in terms of how others involved in the intervention were characterized, the narrative form (e.g., tragedy, satire) and where and how transformative change in communities was best created. This meant that different types traded-off or managed the priorities of the intervention differently, according to the deeply held values of their type.ConclusionsThe data set constructed for this analysis is unique. It revealed that practitioners not only exercise their agency within interventions, they do so systematically, that is, according to a pattern. The typology is the first of its kind and, if verified through replication, may have value for anticipating intervention dynamics and explaining implementation variation in community interventions.

Desempenho narrativo em sujeitos com distúrbio/atraso fonológico

OBJETIVO: comparar o desempenho narrativo de grupos de sujeitos com atraso e distúrbio fonológico e controles em aquisição típica. MÉTODOS: foram analisados 63 sujeitos, 32 (50,79%) com atraso, 12 (19,04%) com distúrbio e 19 (30,10%) em aquisição típica, avaliados e classificados fonologicamente, em produção narrativa pelo instrumento de Zilles e da narrativa inventada, ambas analisadas por tipologia narrativa. Questionários sobre as interações narrativas foram aplicados aos pais e professores. RESULTADOS: foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o grupo com distúrbios e o controle, respectivamente o pior e melhor desempenho. O grupo em aquisição típica demonstrou o melhor desempenho na narrativa livre. CONCLUSÃO: a tipologia fonológica apresentou-se parcialmente relacionada com o desempenho narrativo.

Interpreting Values Conflicts Experienced by Obstetrics-Gynecology Clerkship Students Using Reflective Writing

To examine students' responses to reflective practice assignments used in medical ethics and professionalism education. The study goals include an examination of what reflective writing reveals about students' personal and professional values, identification of the narrative typologies students use to tell stories of ethical dilemmas, and a determination of the usefulness of reflective writing in informing ethics/professionalism curricula assessment and development. This study employed a mixed-methods design generating both descriptive data and interpretive analysis. Students' reflective writing assignments, guided by a series of six questions designed to elicit students' perceptions of moral conflicts they have encountered and their personal and professional ethical values, were collected from three successive cohorts of third-year medical students (n = 299) from July 2002 to January 2006 during an obstetrics-gynecology clerkship at the University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine. Content, thematic, and global narrative analyses of students' reflective writing were conducted, drawing on content analysis, grounded theory, and narrative methodologies. Values conflicts usually were patient centered (181; 60.5%) and student centered (172; 57.5%), without much regard for important contextual issues such as patients' socioeconomic status, insurance coverage, or culture. Common personal values included religious beliefs (82; 27.4%), respect (72; 24.1%), and the Golden Rule (66; 22.1%); frequent professional values were respect (72; 25.1%), beneficence (71; 23.7%), nonmaleficence (69; 23.1%), and autonomy (65; 21.7%). Whereas 35.5% (106) claimed to have addressed conflicts, 23.4% (70) said they did nothing. Restitution narratives (113; 37.8%) dominated. This analytic approach facilitated assessment of student values, conflict sources, and narrative types. Findings reveal aspects of the influence of the hidden curriculum and can inform strategies for effective implementation of bioethics/professionalism curricula.