Narrative Techniques Research Articles

Художник-шпион в рассказе В. Набокова «Ассистент режиссера»: репрезентация сенсорного и эстетического опыта

he article is devoted to the analysis of The Assistant Producer, Vladimir Nabokov’s first short story in English. The study explores how V. Nabokov interprets the problem of the author’s identity in foreign readers’ audience. The structural-semiotic and intertextual methods are used in the paper to identify the narrative techniques organizing the intrigue in the short story: the exposure of the character as a triple agent and the narrator as an artist. The narrator focuses on the optical and sound effects of cinema as well as on the foreign accent in other characters’ speech. These peculiarities of the narrator’s perception show his perceptive and language sensitiveness inherent in an artist. The pseudo-documental cinema world includes the legends of Stepan Razin, portraits by impressionists and post-impressionists, and emigre literature. The artistic world is constructed through the images conveying the aberrations of perception, smells and the senses of touch, which are difficult to verbalize, unmotivated alliterations, allusions that are hard to interpret for foreign readers. Perceptive images and literary allusions construct the plot about the communicative mistake: from the narrator’s point of view, the cinema shows the world of Russian emigre inaccurately, but it reveals the banality of the intentions of the character-executioner. V. Nabokov assesses incompleteness as a key characteristic of intercultural communication, motivated by the differences in recipients’ sensorial and reading experience. V. Nabokov’s strategy is to highlight the inexpressible characteristics of his sensorial and creative (reading and writing) experience. Communicative mistakes inspire co-creative reading. At the beginning of his American career, V. Nabokov develops the idea that a genius writer can convey his sensorial, aesthetic, and language experience despite the communicative borders.

Unveiling the Magic: A Scholarly Exploration of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

Unveiling the Magic: A Scholarly Exploration of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone” goes through the rich tapestry of J.K. Rowling’s seminal work, dissecting its layers of meaning and cultural significance. This paper employs literary analysis to unravel the intricate themes, character dynamics, and narrative techniques present in the first installment of the Harry Potter series. Through a scholarly lens, it examines the symbolism of the Philosopher’s Stone, the nuances of alchemical allegory, and the portrayal of magic as a metaphor for empowerment and self-discovery. By illuminating these aspects, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how the wizarding world of Harry Potter resonates with readers, captivating audiences across generations and cultures.

The Representation of Identity and Belonging in Toba Tek Singh

Saadat Hassan Manto is well known for his portrayal of society through skillful integration of personal, historical, and cultural experiences. This study looks at "Toba Tek Singh," a masterpiece of Saadat Hasan Manto's fiction that provides a detailed analysis of representation of identity and belonging. A clear picture of the unrest surrounding India's 1947 split is painted in this short story. The narrative explores significant historical events as well as challenging issues of identity and belonging. This article examines the several ways in which Manto employs these ideas to express division. The themes that are emphasized are examined by exploring the surroundings, symbols, and characters. The study investigates at how the narrative emphasizes the difficulties in building an identity and trying to find a sense of belonging in a divided society due to political upheaval. The objectives of the study call for the thematic analysis. This study examines the attachment of identities and a sense of belonging to people that cannot be replaced or removed. Through a close analysis of characters, symbolism, and narrative techniques, the study unveils the complex interplay of cultural, social, and personal elements that shape the characters' sense of self and their connection to their surroundings. The research argues that Manto's portrayal of the inmates, particularly the eponymous character Bishan Singh, serves as a microcosm reflecting the broader human struggle for belonging in a world marked by divisions and chaos. The narrative skillfully employs elements of absurdity, tragedy, and dark humor to underscore the arbitrary nature of borders and the resulting displacement of identities.

Techniques of Historical Narrative in "Me Suzam": Criticism and Analysis

Techniques of Historical Narrative in "Me Suzam": Criticism and Analysis

一首關於愛與故鄉的挽歌

Director Zhang Lv's works have a kind of rare quality of poetic films. In terms of poetry and appeal, the film “The Long Confession” demonstrates the creative characteristics of an Asian director who uses film as a lyric poem. Important cultural images such as willows, plum blossoms, and rivers were selected andblended into the film, adding a poetic realm based on oriental connotations to the film language. As a result, the polysemous characteristics of the words themselves, time and space are transferred between memory and reality, becoming a projection of the inner world of the characters in the play. Chinese, Japanese, English and Korean, these four languagesappear in the film. These languages are intertwined and used as metaphors of identification to outline a picture of mutual recognition and understanding between the main characters. The blurring of hometown and parents brings a literary theme of separation to this film. The director built a common context withmany East Asian literary images, aims at creating a very special psychology space, which shows that it seems hometown lies everywhere, but also you will figure out that it is really difficult to confirm where is your hometown. In the exploration on poetic style, Director Zhang Lv used an individual narrative technique that abstracted away the macro perspective to create a dreamland about love and life, about hometown and separation.

Görünmez Engeller ve Parçalanmış Hayatlar: Arundhati Roy'un The God Of Small Things İsimli Eserinde Yabancılaşma ve Uzaklaşma

Arundhati Roy's novel, The God of Small Things, is a complex portrayal of alienation and estrangement experienced by its characters within the socio-political milieu of postcolonial India. Roy skillfully exposes the impact of societal norms and caste divisions on personal relationships, resulting in profound emotional isolation and rupture within the family unit. This evocative narrative sheds light on the disempowerment and disenfranchisement experienced by the estranged and marginalized voices. From this point of view, considering the theories of alienation, this article analyzes the various forms of alienation and estrangement depicted in the novel and explores their underlying causes and consequences. The analysis delves into the theme of familial alienation, focusing on the forbidden love between fraternal twins Estha and Rahel, and the subsequent estrangement within their family. Furthermore, the article examines the characters' alienation from the political and cultural landscape of India. It explores how the colonial legacy, combined with the rigid social hierarchy, leads to the marginalization of certain groups and individuals, ultimately deepening their sense of estrangement. Additionally, through a close reading of the novel, this article reveals how Roy employs narrative techniques such as fragmented chronology and lyrical prose to mirror the characters' fragmented identities and fragmented society. It explores the ways in which alienation and estrangement manifest themselves in the novel, and how they are inextricably linked to broader social and historical forces.

NARRATIVE TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES AND AUGUSTE DUPIN IN A CROSSOVER FANFICTION PARACOSM

Narrative technique refers to writers' methods and devices used to tell their stories. Understanding writers' processes and devices to convey their stories is crucial for analyzing and appreciating the arts. However, studying narrative techniques can be complex and requires close attention to detail. This study aims to explain what narrative techniques applied in the crossover fanfiction of Sherlock Holmes and Auguste Dupin to investigate how the narrative form generates impacts on losses and gains of the characterization of Sherlock Holmes and Auguste Dupin in references to their canons and to reveal why the characterization of Sherlock Holmes and Auguste Dupin in the crossover fanfiction are different from their canon. This research uses qualitative methods because the data are in the form of text taken from crossover fanfiction Paracosm (2016) by BiancaAparo. The data are analyzed using Gerald Genette’s narrative techniques. The result of this study showed that the dominant data of narrative techniques applied in Paracosm is narrative mood, which loses their characterization. Narrative mood relates to the position or position of the author, narrator, and characters in a story. That is why the narrative mood is mainly found along with the research objects, the main characters in this fanfiction, Sherlock Holmes and Auguste Dupin. It shows that the two characters have an impact, causing losses of their characteristic. Yet, that does not prevent any gain of the characteristic based on the characters in the original work. Thus, fanfiction can be different from the canon because it is written by different author with different biographical and social elements.

Experiences and Perceptions of Affirmative Action in Higher Education: a Critical Analysis of Dalit and Non-dalit Women in a Central University

Education helps to groom and enhance people’s personalities by inculcating in them a desirable set of knowledge, values, and skills. Higher education makes people specialise in a particular set of knowledge, fields and skills. One of the vital functions of higher education in a society is that it serves the demands of the labour market as it leverages individuals with skills and acts as a ladder to achieve upward social mobility, which enhances one’s status in society, especially for the marginalised sections of the population. Because of its significance in establishing equality among all sections of society, the Indian government implemented an affirmative policy, primarily a reservation for disadvantaged castes. The present research paper aims to understand the experiences and perceptions of Dalit women and non-Dalit women studying in higher education toward affirmative policy. It is an endeavour to analyse the government’s efforts to provide social equality through the means of distributive justice by introducing the policy of protective discrimination. Primary data was collected through qualitative means for which the case study method is used. Twenty-four respondents, twelve Dalit women, and twelve non-Dalit women were selected by a purposive sampling method and analysis was done by coding their responses and applying a narrative analysis technique. Secondary data has been collected and analysed from government reports, newspapers, magazines, articles, etc. to substantiate the data.

Masalah-Masalah dalam Paradigma Pembelajaran Sains Modern

Modern science learning paradigms emphasize inquiry-based and experiential learning, replacing traditional approaches. Constructivist approaches become the theoretical foundation, recognizing the importance of students' active involvement in the learning process. Metaphors of acquisition and participation are proposed as the basis for understanding science learning. The research method uses narrative techniques to synthesize information from multiple sources, providing a comprehensive overview of problems and solutions in the contemporary science learning paradigm. The author highlights a number of issues that need to be addressed. Key challenges include a lack of hands-on experimentation, an overemphasis on rote learning, a lack of inclusivity, and suboptimal integration of technology. While technology integration has the potential to enrich the student experience, there are still shortcomings in its implementation. By highlighting these issues, the authors promote the importance of hands-on experiences, concept-based assessments, inclusive curricula, and effective technology integration in improving science education. Recommendations include a collaborative approach among educators, policymakers, and stakeholders to address these issues and create a better future for science education. The conclusions emphasize the need to implement these solutions in the classroom and in education policy. By improving the student experience, supporting student-centered learning, and addressing the challenges of technology integration, science education can evolve to meet the demands of today's society and science.

The Discourse and its References in Maha Hassan's Novels - Selected Models

This research was written under the title (The Discourse and its References in Maha Hassan's Novels - Selected Models). It aims at clarifying the concept of discourse and its references in the works of the Syrian-Kurdish novelist (Maha Hassan). This topic has been chosen due to the fact the previous studies have not tackled the mechanism of discourse formation and its references in the work of this novelist, and her vision of the world that she conveyed to us through narrative discourse techniques, including: the narrator and his/her listener, which are studied in this research.
 The importance of the research lies in addressing topics relating to Man and our Modern Age including: migration, women, identity, sense of belonging, center and margin, and others. In this study, the researcher draws on the (formative structuralist) approach, which links literature to the product and society, and shows the dialectical relationship between narrative discourse and society. It also focuses on the relationship of the artistic structure of the literary work with reality and social awareness because the novel as a literary work, particularly that of Maha Hasan’s, is closely related to society and its transformations. 
 In conclusion, the researcher arrived at several results, including: there is a clear difference in the experiences of (Maha Hassan) as a novelist in Syria and in France. Migration provided her with a suitable atmosphere to reveal her Kurdish identity, and it also provided her with the freedom to express her vision to the public, and to express her feminist bias.

Spatial Identity: Identity through Memory and Space in John Banville’s The Sea

John Banville’s The Sea (2005) has its entire story drawn on memory. Through a close textual analysis, the paper examines the novel through the framework of memory. The paper is structured around the ideas put forth by the philosopher Edward S. Casey and examines how memories play a significant role in forming an identity within the individual and how memories are formed from spaces. Banville through his narrative techniques through the character indirectly presents the reality of the world. His withdrawal into the past by Max in the novel is not part of a theme but rather a unique narrative strategy employed by Banville. An individual has a sense of connection to their world with frequent interactions with the spaces around them. The research investigates how the spaces instigate the journey to the past in the character Max Morden. The sea and the house where Max spent his childhood are the spaces that aid in giving a sense of identity to Max who feels lost after the death of his wife. In a journey of searching for himself, he ends up visiting the place where he spent a holiday vacation during his childhood. It is through the engagement with these spaces and recollected memories from them that the character Max ultimately comes to a self-realization of his lost identity and in the end feels a sense of belonging to the world.

Diction Analysis in Adiga's Between the Assassinations: A Socio-linguistic Inspection of Selected Stories

The effectiveness of any statement hinges on the adept utilization of language by the speaker. When an author selects the appropriate vocabulary, it not only conveys the precise meaning but also encapsulates the speaker's intended mood. The choice of words is a powerful tool that goes beyond mere communication; it serves as a reflection of the speaker's social standing, educational background, ethnic values, and the broader societal context to which they belong, i.e., their speech community. Aravind Adiga adeptly employs socio-linguistic principles in his stories to establish a profound connection with the reader. Adiga deliberately tailors the manner of speaking characters use in their daily lives; from diverse societal backgrounds, professions, educational levels, and ethnic values. This research article delves into the nuances of Adiga's narrative techniques, particularly in the selected stories from his short story collection novel 'Between the Assassinations,' aiming to discern the conscious choices he makes in portraying the characters' linguistic expressions. The novel unfolds with characters embodying the struggles and emotions of those facing challenging circumstances or predominantly stemming from the lower echelons of society. Consequently, their communication styles are imbued with colloquialisms and vernacular, serving as a poignant mirror reflecting the harsh realities of life.

IGBO CULTURE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORY

The impression that Africans had no roots or contributions to modern-day management practices has persisted for a while. However, the Igbo people in Nigeria had their own management practice and leadership styles that were peculiar to them before the emergence of the management theories, which was why the Igbos were able to survive the indirect rule and brutal economic exploitation during the colonial era, and immediately after the civil war. This study, therefore, examined the role Igbo culture played in the development of management theories. The study specifically identified some specific Igbo cultural practice and their managerial implications and aligned some Igbo cultural practices to existing modern-day leadership theories. The literature of the study looked at the Igbo race as a people, examined culture, explained some management theories, the Igbo cultural practice and leadership theories, Igbo cultural practices and their managerial implications and Igbo cultural practices and modern day leadership theories. The study used the matching methods as the research design. The idea involved was to basically find commonalities between chosen management theories and the leadership styles of the Igbo people in southeast Nigeria. Mostly secondary sources of data were deployed for this purpose. The study also employed a qualitative methodology and a narrative analysis technique. It was revealed from the findings that before the introduction of modern-day management theory, Igbo culture had been practising the relevant leadership style that was propounded by great thinkers of management such as management by objective (Izuora), Management by exception (Izundiichie), Motivation (ituni muo/ Ikwanye ugwu), Transformational leadership (Ibezimako), Contingencies Leadership (Igbo enweze) and Transactional leadership (Echichi/ochanja/imapu na iwu).
 Keywords: Igbo, Culture, Southeast, Nigeria, Development and Management Theory.

Merdeka Curriculum: Encouraging Creativity and Innovation of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Madrasah

The Merdeka Curriculum is a new curriculum in Indonesia that gives teachers the freedom to develop learning materials and methods that suit students' needs. This research aims to examine the influence of the Merdeka Curriculum on the quality of Islamic Education (PAI) learning. This research uses qualitative methods to understand how the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum encourages PAI teacher creativity and innovation in three different State Madrasah Aliyah (MAN) schools in the big cities of Medan, Padang and Bukittinggi. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and study of related documents. Merdeka Curriculum, data analysis was carried out using thematic, narrative and comparative analysis techniques. The research sample consisted of PAI teachers who had implemented the Merdeka Curriculum for more than one year and had sufficient teaching experience. The research results show that the Merdeka Curriculum has positive potential in improving the quality of PAI learning, including a more open and flexible learning approach, the relevance of learning to everyday life, as well as developing the character and ethics of students. However, the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in PAI learning also faces several challenges, such as teacher competency and readiness, support from each government and schools in each region, as well as the availability of resources. Comprehensive support from various parties, including government, schools and teachers, is needed to overcome these challenges.

No murder without a clue: An intersemiotic translation of murders in And Then There Were None

The aim of this study is to analyze the detective novel titled And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie to find out the implicit or explicit clues in the conflict part of the plot to allow the readers to be able to draw inferences or anticipations on the resolution. Following the identification of the relevant contexts in the source text, the TV mini series adaptation of the novel is also analyzed in comparison to the source contexts to find out the extent of preservation or omission of the meaning in intersemiotic translation. The contexts with implicit or explicit clues are discussed in relation to discursive techniques in a narration, particularly anticipation and amorce techniques. The relevant contexts in the source text are mostly found to be preserved in the target text. However, this preservation does not come directly copying or transferring the content to the target text, rather the dynamics different between a literary text and audiovisual text could impel the intersemiotic translator to employ the compensation technique in the adaptation process. A text of visual and cognitive nature is translated to another semiotic system incorporating the auditory aspect to TV adaptations, resulting in translation decisions different from interlingual translations. As a result of the analysis, it is recommended that compensation technique could allow the target viewers to gather anticipations as regards the resolution as is the case with source readers in intersemiotic translation. Therefore, what counts in novel-to-TV adaptations turns out to be the extent of similarity rather than a quest for sameness.

Realist, Naturalist, Impressionist Narrative Techniques and Themes in Crane’s the Red Badge of Courage

The distinguished American novelist Stephen Crane has been regarded as one of the pioneers of naturalism in American Novel. In his novel The Red Badge of Courage, naturalism occurs through the whole story, realism and impressionism also play an important part in his work. Cited for its fresh narrative style and naturalistic, realistic and impressionistic depictions of combat, the novel made him a celebrity. Naturalism sometimes depicts the relationship between individual and nature, focusing on the characters in their environment. Nature’s indifference to humanity’s fate is such naturalistic element explored in this novel. The reality of war is shown in its brutality, boredom and injustice. Crane carefully uses imagery that reflects the perspective and state of the protagonist. In this study, it is aimed to examine Stephen Crane’s novel as a non-traditional war narrative, where he reflects the inner experience of its protagonist, a soldier fleeing war from the perspectives of realism, naturalism and impressionism. In this thematic and descriptive study, text analysis was used and examples of naturalism, realism and impressionism were interpreted. In this work, which is close to the naturalness of daily language, the use of images and colour is important. The author has managed to convey the civil war in the most effective way, even though he did not live during the war years. This work, which reflects the American Civil War through the internal transformations experienced by the soldiers, provided a different perspective as well as general topics such as the north-south conflict.

Film and Television Communication in the New Media Era: Content Innovation in the Age of Short Videos

With the rise of new media, film and television communication have undergone unprecedented transformations. Traditional long-format content now coexists with short video formats, which are favored by audiences for their immediacy, vibrancy, and interactivity. Short videos represent not just a reduction in content length, but more importantly, a shift in content innovation and narrative techniques. This paper delves into the evolution of film and television communication in the new media era, with a particular focus on content innovation in the age of short videos, and explores the implications and significance of this innovation for the traditional film and television industries.

A Writer of Hope, Humour, and Resistance: An Interview with Saad Z. Hossain

In this interview, Bangladeshi Anglophone writer Saad Z. Hossain (1979–) addresses several important issues involving his works, worldview, and writing career. First, he explains when he began writing, what inspired him to write, why he chose to write in English, and whom he writes for. He also discusses his writing and reading habits, his favourite authors, how he negotiates between his seemingly opposite interests as a businessman and a writer, and his view of the present state of English writing in Bangladesh. Moreover, Hossain talks about his narrative techniques, how his fiction has evolved over the years, how he works out a plot from his multi-thread narrative, his predilection for characters over plot, and how he compares his experience of writing prose fiction in different forms: novels, novellas, and short stories. Finally, the author reflects on his themes, use of humour, view of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and what he is currently writing.

PINK FLOYD’S «THE RED VIBURNUM IN THE MEADOW»: A NOVEL IN THE SCORE

The paper explores the design and structure of Pink Floyd’s single «Hey Hey Rise Up» in terms of a patterned plot in a work of fiction. The music and video of the single are contextualized in the field of comparative studies and problematized as a feasible intersemiotic approach to musical narrativity. The introduction by the folk choir in the video functions as the exposition to the main theme, and its break on D-sharp with the fermata functions as the tense suspense in a frustrated anticipation of the resolution into the tonic of C-sharp minor. Following a two-beat rest, the dignified drums propel the syntax of the story of Ukraine’s heroic resistance against the Russian aggression into the structured artistic plot. Based on the pentatonic scale, David Gilmour’s guitar solo emblematizes other components of both literal and literary dramatic conflict: the highest notes represent the semanticized rising action leading to a “blue note” of F double-sharp that signifies the tension and climax in the musical plot. Gilmore’s musico-teleological tale ends with a descending scale that seems to be the equivalent to the falling action in drama, and finally resolves into a half, rather than full, cadence in G-sharp as if to suggest an open, brighter and victorious finale of yet-to-come resolution of the Russia-Ukraine war. A close musicological reading of the functioning of the harmonic sequences of cadences and the specifics of voice leading in the single reveals the musical artistic means of generating deep meanings and emotional understanding of history. Interpreted through the prism of intersemiotic scheme as emplotmet, the musical narrative has the attributes of a literary work - the beginning, development and suspense of the action, climax of dramatic conflict and its denouement. The paradigmatic affinity of narrative techniques in fiction and music brings new urgency to such fundamental ideas as Borgesian four invariant stories, which are recycled in various historical and ideological guises, or Bakhtinian distinction between the epic and the novel as a territory of encounter with the unfinished present, which expands the optics of reading the dynamics of consonant and dissonant intervals in the blues scale, and turns the music score into a novel. And vice versa: the function of the blue note in the pentatonic, bright and perfectly consonant five-step system without chromaticism, compels us to revisit Nietzsche and his philosophico-musical revelation about the interdependence of Apollo and Dionysus.

Black Words and White Space

This essay analyzes how Cheryl Foggo’s memoir Pourin’ Down Rain contextualizes itself in the recovery of Black space, identity, and story in Canada. An understanding of Black storytelling, founded in Joanne Braxton’s Black Women Writing Autobiography, provides insight into the ways in which Foggo’s memoir fits within a Black storytelling tradition, and how these forms work to disrupt the kind of tradition preserving the ideological space of the “White West.” An analysis of photography and oral storytelling helps explore how Foggo uses alternative narrative techniques to tell a story that challenges dominant perceptions of Blackness and what historical archiving should look like. Finally, this essay deconstructs perceptions of the Canadian West as established by the region’s pre-existing literary canon, and explores how Pourin’ Down Rain opposes these perceptions by challenging some of the common conventions in White prairie narratives.