Narrative Format Research Articles

Enhancing the drug addiction treatment service by introducing a new residential treatment model in the Philippines: A qualitative study.

There is an increased demand for quality treatment and rehabilitation services for people who use drugs (PWUDs) in the Philippines. In response, the Philippines Government's Department of Health (DOH) has established a new residential treatment model, Intensive Treatment and Rehabilitation Program for Residential Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers (INTREPRET), and integrated it into the existing treatment service platform of 21 DOH-owned Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers (TRCs). We conducted a qualitative study to identify the changes engendered by the implementation of this treatment model. Data were collected through individual face-to-face interviews. We interviewed purposefully selected 29 patients and 35 facilitators of INTREPRET group sessions in seven TRCs. We transcribed the interview records and organized the narrative information into key themes using thematic analysis during the coding process. The changes perceived by the study participants included the attitude and behavior of patients, attitude and competency of facilitators, relationship between facilitators and patients, treatment planning and review process, efficient and standardized treatment services, and monitoring mechanisms of the patient's recovery process. Participants also noted challenges in INTREPRET implementation, including family participation in therapy sessions, lack of facilitators, securing a conducive place for conducting sessions, and reproducing workbooks. The results imply that the introduction of INTREPRET could improve treatment service quality and the effectiveness of treatment, which were primarily associated with behavioral changes in patients, improved relationship between patients and facilitators, and INTREPRET's alignment with key international treatment standards. However, despite the positive changes perceived by the participants, certain challenges pertaining to family participation in therapy sessions and the lack of resources were identified. These criticisms must be addressed by DOH, along with an integration of INTREPRET into its policy and strategic framework, to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the new treatment model.

Existing operational standards for field deployments of rapid response mobile laboratories: a scoping review

IntroductionRapid response mobile laboratories (RRML) play an important role in responding to emergencies such as outbreaks and humanitarian crises, working in coordination with national authorities. This scoping review aims to provide evidence to support the development of minimum operational standards for the deployment of RRMLs across the five key workstreams: operational support and logistics, biosafety and biosecurity, laboratory information management system, quality management systems and interoperability and coordination.MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the grey literature focusing on RRML deployment missions. Study characteristics such as year, country, objectives, methods, and findings were extracted and summarized to identify common themes, gaps, and patterns. The results were presented in a narrative format. We ensured methodological rigor by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines throughout the review process.ResultsOut of 163 full-text studies assessed for eligibility, 46 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Six studies addressed the five RRML workstreams. Operational support and logistics are most commonly addressed during pre-deployment phases with a focus on personnel, transport and cold chain management. The application of biosafety and biosecurity protocols is most addressed during the mission execution phase, particularly in the use of personal protective equipment and the implementation of decontamination and disinfection procedures. The laboratory information management system procedures most frequently reported include sample identification and result dissemination protocols. The quality management system workstream overlaps significantly with the other four workstreams, with a strong emphasis on internal and external quality assurance measures. Coordination and interoperability aspects involve maintaining multiple collaborations, ranging from coordinating with local authorities to establishing international partnerships. Common field challenges included interrupted data transfer in areas characterized by poor connectivity and difficulties caused by extreme weather conditions.DiscussionThis review highlights RRML deployment procedures and addresses some critical challenges concerning their deployment. It suggests the provision of a pre-deployment logistics checklist, the use of a pre-determined standardized dataset for inputs to reduce data entry errors and the application of standardized internal and external quality assurance measures.

International medical graduates' experiences of clinical competency assessment in postgraduate and licensing examinations: A scoping review protocol.

An international medical graduate (IMG) is a doctor who has received their basic medical qualification from a medical school located in a different country from that in which they practice or intend to practice. IMGs are known to face difficulties in their working lives, including differential attainment in assessment. The objective of this review is to map key concepts and types of evidence in academic and gray literature relating to international medical graduates' experiences of clinical competency assessment and to identify knowledge gaps on this topic by systematically searching, selecting, and synthesizing existing knowledge. All studies will relate to IMGs. The concept of interest will be IMGs' experiences of assessment. The context will be postgraduate, licensing or credentialing medical assessments of clinical competence. This review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. Seven electronic databases will be searched for literature published between 2009 and 2024: the Australian Education Index, British Education Index, ERIC, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and SocINDEX. Gray literature will be searched using Google, Google Scholar, and published reports from postgraduate training bodies and medical licensing organizations. Documents will be independently screened, selected, and extracted by two researchers using a piloted data-extraction tool. Data will be analyzed and presented in tables and in a narrative format. Trial resgistration: Scoping review registration: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/8gdm7.

Narrative predicts cardiac synchrony in audiences

Audio-visual media possesses a remarkable ability to synchronise audiences’ neural, behavioural, and physiological responses. This synchronisation is considered to reflect some dimension of collective attention or engagement with the stimulus. But what is it about these stimuli that drives such strong engagement? There are several properties of media stimuli which may lead to synchronous audience response: from low-level audio-visual features, to the story itself. Here, we present a study which separates low-level features from narrative by presenting participants with the same content but in separate modalities. In this way, the presentations shared no low-level features, but participants experienced the same narrative. We show that synchrony in participants’ heart rate can be driven by the narrative information alone. We computed both visual and auditory perceptual saliency for the content and found that narrative was approximately 10 times as predictive of heart rate as low-level saliency, but that low-level audio-visual saliency has a small additive effect towards heart rate. Further, heart rate synchrony was related to a separate cohorts’ continuous ratings of immersion, and that synchrony is likely to be higher at moments of increased narrative importance. Our findings demonstrate that high-level narrative dominates in the alignment of physiology across viewers.

Effectiveness of dental arch expansion in the orthodontic treatment with clear aligners: a scoping review.

The clinical protocol and effectiveness of dental expansion with Clear Aligner Therapy (CAT), especially among adults is still unclear. There is a need to map and explore knowledge gaps of dental expansion with CAT among children and adults. This scoping review explores the extent and depth of the available literature regarding the effectiveness and predictability of CAT in performing orthodontic expansion in both children and adults. The following databases were consulted as sources of information: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, COCHRANE Library, and ProQuest Dissertations & Thesis, in which the search was limited to studies on children or adults requiring transverse arch expansion and using clear orthodontic aligners. Two independent reviewers assessed the citations and extracted data, which was then synthesized in a narrative format. Over all, 698 citations were retrieved, and 33 were included. Among these, 3 were systematic reviews, 4 were cohort studies, 2 were case-control studies, and 24 were case series. Eighty-five percent of the included studies were published in the last 5 years. Despite different protocols and measurement methods, aligners were effective for arch expansion in adults and children, and the expansion predictability was greater for the lower arch than for the upper arch. The evidence suggests that arch width increment is more predictable in the premolar region and less predictable in the canine and second molar areas, with high variability across studies. Orthodontic aligners have demonstrated effectiveness in expanding arches in both adults and children. However, the literature suggests a decrease in arch width toward the posterior region, and there is no evidence of skeletal gains. To provide more conclusive evidence, randomized controlled clinical studies are warranted. This review was registered in the Open Science Framework database (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6EG8F).

Conceptualising self-reflexive practice as transformational competence: Exploring relationships and relatedness in a fourth industrial revolution technological environment

In the author’s exploration of the literature, little seems to be known regarding the potential value of self-reflexive practice in exploring the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and its related phenomena. The thesis is presented in narrative format and based on personal experience and insights, supported by a non-systematic review of the literature on self-reflexive practice and the 4IR. This perspective argues that one of the most impactful transformational competences in the context of the 4IR, is arguably what is known as self-reflexive practice (SRP). Through this practice we elucidate our conscious and unconscious assumptions and orientations towards the 4IR and associated phenomena. The aim of this article was to highlight the importance of self-reflexive practice as a critical skill for navigating the complexities and challenges presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this article SRP is conceptualised as the critically informed stance of reflexive dialogue with the self, regarding conscious and unconscious realities. It is argued that the value of SRP lies in its capacity to a) foster critical thinking, b) manage paradoxes, dilemmas and complexities that are characteristic of the 4IR, and c) create psychological “containing spaces” for complexity, ambivalence, and ambiguity. Thus, reflexivity as a way of being, could help us reshape and reorient how we relate to the 4IR and enable practitioners to learn from experience (through deep reflection) about themselves, their work and the way they relate.

On the Distillation of Stories for Transferring Narrative Arcs in Collections of Independent Media.

The act of telling stories is a fundamental part of what it means to be human. This work introduces the concept of narrative information, which we define as the overlap in information space between a story and the items that compose the story. Using contrastive learning methods, we show how modern artificial neural networks can be leveraged to distill stories and extract a representation of the narrative information. We then demonstrate how evolutionary algorithms can leverage this to extract a set of narrative template curves and how these-in tandem with a novel curve-fitting algorithm we introduce-can reorder music albums to automatically induce stories in them. In doing so, we give statistically significant evidence that (1)these narrative information template curves are present in existing albums and that (2)people prefer an album ordered through one of these learned template curves over a random one. The premises of our work extend to any form of (largely) independent media, and as evidence, we also show that our method works with image data.

Religious coping and maternal work-conflict: uncovering the pathways to well-being

ABSTRACT Most studies examining work-family conflict have utilized quantitative methodologies, which do not provide sufficient narrative information about participants’ experiences. This qualitative descriptive study describes both the religious and non-religious coping strategies employed by Twelve (N = 12) Conservative Protestant Working Mothers with school-aged children to manage work-family conflict. The CPWM shared their experiences of how they found balance and well-being. Two research questions guided this study: How do Conservative Protestant Working Mothers with school-aged children describe their experiences of work-family conflict when transitioning between the work and home environments? How do Conservative Protestant Working Mothers with school-aged children describe the coping strategies they use to reduce or resolve work-family conflict? Prayer was found to be a coping strategy used by all of the mothers in this study, it helped to reduce their stress levels and enhance their emotional well-being.

Dialogues with Thinkers on Problematizing Practices for the Teaching of Mathematics in Early Childhood Education

This article exposes part of a research of a teacher who teaches mathematics, based on her personal experiences as a basic education student and during her initial education in pedagogy and professional performance in early childhood education, phenomenological character, and whose theoretical section was presented in narrative format. Therefore, the literature review on theories associated with the research subject was developed in a dialogue format with researchers and thinkers considered key to the study. This text presents the dialogues with these authors whose ideas and concepts guided the researcher’s thoughts in a movement of hermeneutic contemplation about their experiences, explaining the want to do pedagogical and opening ways for new questions.

Success Stories of Multilingual Literacy: A Case Study of Ife 1970 Nigeria’s Project and the 2002 Western Cape’s LOITASA’s Project in South Africa

In a progressively interrelated world, the advancement of strong multilingual literacy skills among learners is of great importance. This article showcases successful multilingual literacy initiatives, analyzing their implementation and impact. The study revealed a great positive influence on communities and individuals after the initiatives. The predominant aim is to give extra weight to the indispensable importance of appreciating and paying attention to linguistic diversity through effective multilingual/translanguaging literacy opening moves. Using a survey design, this study paid attention to documenting instances of multilingualism implementation in educational settings, purposefully selecting South Africa and Nigeria as central points. Using a qualitative approach, the research examined success stories by analyzing reports, publications, archival materials, and scholarly articles associated with the projects. Special attention was paid to the Ife 1970 Nigeria’s Project and the 2002 Western Cape LOITASA’s project and the findings were presented in a descriptive narrative format. The study elaborated on the objectives, strategies, and results of these projects, presenting findings in a descriptive narrative format. Moreover, the study contributes valuable insights to the debates surrounding effective literacy practices in multilingual contexts. By presenting success stories from these African nations, the study provided practical guideposts for policymakers, educators, and practitioners who want to develop or improve multilingual literacy programs. Lastly, the findings stressed the significance of culturally responsive and context-specific approaches to literacy, proposing the adoption of multilingual/translanguaging pedagogies within school systems. Through these, the study will promote inclusive and efficient educational practices that honor and celebrate linguistic diversity. Keywords: Educational Outcomes, Language Diversity, Multilingual Education, Multilingual Literacy, Repertoire Knowledge

Design and Features of Pricing and Payment Schemes for Health Technologies: A Scoping Review and a Proposal for a Flexible Need-Driven Classification.

In a context of growing clinical and financial uncertainty, pricing and payment schemes can act as possible solutions to the problems of affordability and access to health technologies. However, a comprehensive categorization of the available schemes to help decision makers tackle these challenges is lacking. This work aims at mapping existing types of pricing and payment schemes, and proposes a new approach for their classification, in order to help decision makers and other stakeholders select the best type of scheme to meet their needs. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)-compliant scoping literature review was performed between 2010 and 2023 in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus). The search strategy was developed around two groups of keywords, "pricing/payment schemes" and "scheme innovativeness". Eligible studies were those illustrating the unique design and features of each scheme type, which were extracted by two independent reviewers, and synthesized using a narrative format, including a detailed tabular description of each type of scheme. A total of 70 unique types of pricing and payment schemes were identified. Around one third (33%) was only specified in principle, while two thirds (67%) had been implemented in practice. About half of the scheme types were proposed for drugs (34/70, 49%), and the vast majority were not designed for a specific therapeutic area (55/70, 79%). Each scheme type was categorized based on distinctive characteristics: the objectives, the outcome component, the timing/modalities of payments, and the evidence collection requirements. Instead of trying to fit the retrieved schemes into a rigid taxonomy, we propose a new approach that suggests a flexible need-driven use of the available scheme types, driven primarily by the specific objective that one might have, and allows leveraging of the other key characteristics of each type of scheme.

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and abnormal positive tone

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and tone management in the annual report. This is based on the notion that managers, driven by personal interests, may use their ESG accomplishments by using an abnormal positive tone to enhance their reputation or career prospects. Design/methodology/approach Using panel data from Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2022, this study first investigates the relationship between ESG performance and abnormal tone management. The study then uncovers this relationship is mediated through the mechanisms of equity-based incentive and analyst coverage. The conclusions of this paper hold even after a series of robustness tests, such as propensity score matching, Heckman two-stage method and two-stage least squares with instrumental variables. Findings This study finds a positive correlation between ESG performance and the presence of abnormal positive tone in annual reports. Furthermore, the mechanistic analysis reveals that managers in companies with strong ESG performance are motivated to use an overly positive tone, largely due to their vested interests in equity-based compensation. Moreover, in an effort to alleviate the pressure stemming from heightened financial analyst coverage and enhance the impression conveyed through analysts' reports, managers with superior ESG performance also tend to inflate the tone within their annual reports. Practical implications This study provides significant insights into the ongoing dialogue surrounding ESG-related equity incentives, which incentivize managerial manipulation of stock prices through the use of abnormal positive tone. The findings call upon investors to exercise greater vigilance in examining narrative information in annual reports, as abnormally positive tones may not always faithfully represent performance but rather reflect managerial self-interest. Social implications There is an emphasis on the importance of robust oversight mechanisms within corporate governance bodies to curb the manipulation of tone for managers’ personal gain. Originality/value This study enhances the theoretical foundation of ESG studies, offering a holistic perspective on the intricate interplay among ESG performance, managerial behavior and financial markets, with potential implications for researchers, investors and regulators.

To Problem of Defining the Influence of Comics on Media Culture and Media Studies

The relevance of the article derives from increasing popularity of comics, which forms a certain need for qualitative research of this phenomenon. The purpose of the article is to identify the dominant research points of view on the concept of “comics” in media studies, as well as to spot out problematic aspects in the issue of evaluating the influence of comics on modern media culture and society. The research methodology can be considered as traditional for works which are devoted to the study of comics and is based on a structural-semiotic approach. The need to use this methodology is determined by the narrative specifi cs of comics, based on its semiotics, which combines verbal and non-verbal narrative elements within a single system. The study focuses on revealing the specifi c aspects of the two dominant positions regarding the defi nition of comics and spotting out problematic aspects which are common for the most studies based on these points of view. The fi rst position defi nes comics as a genre, while the second identifi es it as a narrative format. The results of the study showed that due to the key differences in the defi nition of nature of comics, existing points of view assess the impact of the comics on culture and society differently. The position which defi nes comics as a genre mainly concentrates on the social aspects of comics as a cultural phenomenon, without taking into account aspects related to the narrative specifi cs and the form of this phenomenon. Meanwhile the point of view which considers comics as a narrative format, on the contrary, shifts the focus of attention towards the linguistic aspects of comic books without taking into consideration its social and cultural characteristics. Despite the fact that each of the defi ned positions is applicable to a specifi c fi eld of knowledge, these gaps in modern studies do not allow to formulate comprehensive defi nition for comics and properly assess its impact on society and culture. Keywords: comics, popular culture, transmedia storytelling, narrative form, creolized text

Cross-disciplinary working between gynaecologists and mental healthcare professionals: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol

IntroductionReproductive hormone transitions (menstrual cycle, post partum and menopause) can trigger mental disorders in a subset of women. Gynaecological diseases, such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, can also elevate...

Market Valuation of Risk Reporting: The Role of Business Model Disclosure

Narrative risk reporting is essential to providing investors with information about company risks. Recent regulations require large companies to disclose narrative information about their main risks, opportunities, and business model (BM) value drivers. While only minimum disclosure requirements are defined, principle‐based guidelines have suggested that companies contextualize risk disclosure by linking it to BM information. Hence, this study investigates the level of integration of BM reporting and risk reporting, and the consequences of such an integration on market values. This research analyzes the annual reports of a sample of UK‐listed companies over four years. Risk disclosure indexes are developed to capture the quality and integration of risk information, and value‐relevance analyses are carried out to investigate the impact of risk reporting on market values. The analyses indicate that narrative risk information is value relevant only when integrated with BM reporting. Additional analyses show that risk information is associated with reduced information asymmetry but only when disclosed risk factors are related to BM information. Hence, BM disclosure can serve as a filter to identify and interpret the most relevant company's risks. The results are valuable to various stakeholders, including academics, standard setters, and professional bodies. The study's policy implications suggest the need to develop guidelines clarifying the definitions of BM and risk and ways to integrate the narrative information, in light of recent regulatory developments in the EU.

Untold Stories of Displaced Rohingya Pregnant Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence in Camp Settings

Intimate partner violence (IPV) strongly impacts the physical, sexual, social, and reproductive health of women, causing an array of psychological and behavioural problems. During pregnancy, the detrimental effects of violence extend to both the mother and the child. Rates of IPV are frequently higher among those in conflict‐affected and displaced communities, most of whom live in low and middle‐income countries. IPV against Rohingya women is common due to relocation, family breakups, patriarchal norms, and deep‐seated gender roles. Despite the high prevalence of IPV in Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, the matter is often under‐examined. This qualitative study aims to explore and understand pregnant IPV victims’ unique experiences and hardships among the displaced population in a camp setting. A sample of six pregnant homemakers with no formal education was recruited from a healthcare service provider in Leda Camp 24, a remote camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Semi‐structured, in‐depth, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted. Participants reported diverse manifestations of IPV victimisation. Physical abuse, emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual abuse, pregnancy‐related consequences, and impact on mental health were commonly experienced by participants of this study. The current research investigates the recurrent abuse experienced by this demography, providing detailed narrative information beyond quantitative descriptions of IPV experiences. This article contributes to the existing knowledge on the intersection of IPV, pregnancy, and mental health among displaced populations. Governmental and non‐governmental stakeholders must contextualise these findings in policies and practices by integrating IPV and violence screening, prevention, and treatment protocols into refugee camps and healthcare service providers.

Spatial Semiotics in Pre-Islamic Arabic Poetry: The Study Case of Suspended Odes

Spatial structure plays an important role in the seven suspended odes, "Mu'allaqat," being tightly interrelated by sequential compositional manifestations to the narrative format of the circular journey through the spatial nature of the Arabian Peninsula. This is because they denote a compiled configuration with clarity and profundity regarding this systematic representation. Literary rhetoric bestows upon them distinctiveness, illumination, and embellishment. The research branches into two paths, demarcating the spatial signs into two forms: static space and interactive space. To capture the meanings of these two spaces through the interpreter of each sign, it requires a comprehensive excavation of the archaeological and historical foundations of civilization. The initial stages of cultural forms incorporate the spatial structure of the Arabian Peninsula and serve as the foundational cornerstone for the semiotic analysis, since the effectiveness of interpreting the markers of spatial structure highlights the interaction between the signifier and the signified. The formats of the suspended odes embody multifaceted depictions among the poets of the lengthy verses. Semiotic interpretation contributes to improving the discursive nature of the sign, as the spatial model archetype in the suspended odes finds its pre-eminence in literary semiotics.

"Numbers call for action, personalized narratives provide support and recognition": a qualitative assessment of cancer patients' perspectives on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) feedback with narratives.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires completed by patients to gain insight in their health-related quality of life. However, patients often find the interpretation of PROMS challenging. A personalized narrative, i.e., a story with patients' experiences tailored to the reader, could help explain PROMs and might be appreciated alongside numerical outcomes. We studied how cancer patients perceive PROMs feedback presented in a regular numerical and a novel narrative format. Cancer patients who completed PROMs in routine clinical practice were recruited. All participants received numerical feedback and a personalized narrative. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to uncover perceptions of both formats. Interviews were analyzed with an inductive reflexive approach to thematic analysis. Twenty-nine patients with breast cancer, melanoma, and bladder cancer participated. Thematic analysis identified six themes: "Understanding: I get the gist of it!"; "Usefulness: Tell me why I should complete PROMs"; "Format preferences: Numbers are cold, narratives are warm"; "Taking action: Can I do something about my score?"; "Personal relevance: Personalized narratives show me what life has in store for me"; and "Personal relevance: That's (not) me!" Numbers seemed to help participants act, whereas narratives may provide emotional support and recognition. Participants identified with the content of the narrative yet differed in how they related to the main character. Personalized narratives could be a useful addition to PROMs feedback. The studied formats seem to serve different purposes; numbers help to facilitate action, personalized narratives provide recognition. Personalized narratives may be a useful new way to communicate about quality of life to cancer survivors and help them to envision what the impact of cancer can be.

Interprofessional education among musculoskeletal healthcare professions: A scoping review.

To examine peer-reviewed literature involving undergraduate interprofessional education (IPE) focusing on musculoskeletal (MSK) healthcare professions. Methodological searches were conducted on electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, and ProQuest. No date restrictions were applied. English sources (qualitative and quantitative methodological studies, conference papers and proceedings, systematic reviews, grey literature, unpublished materials, theses, and dissertations) were included. A researcher, independent reviewer, and research librarian completed the search and data extraction from June to October 2023. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. ATLAS.ti was used to analyze data by generating codes linked to the text. Findings were reported in a narrative format and by using tables. Initially, 2894 articles were retrieved and screened for relevance. After rigorous screening procedures, 18 articles from various countries were deemed eligible for inclusion. The included studies were conducted within the date range of 2010 to 2024. The included studies employed mixed methods (n = 9), quantitative (n = 5), and qualitative (n = 4) approaches. Combined medical and physiotherapy student cohorts were prominently featured in 67% (n = 12) of the reviewed studies. All 18 studies incorporated the implementation and/or evaluation of an IPE intervention. Thematic analysis revealed 5 overarching themes, encompassing the benefits, barriers, interventions, strategies, evaluation, and general findings related to IPE. The reviewed literature emphasizes a significant gap in IPE initiatives concerning various MSK health providers, including chiropractors, podiatrists, biokineticists, and osteopaths. This paucity accentuates the need for further exploration and evaluation of IPE within MSK-specific contexts, crucial for addressing and mitigating the escalating global burden of MSK diseases.

Supporting Carers: Study Protocol of a Meta-Review of Psychosocial Interventions for Carers of People With Cancer.

While there is a clear need for psychosocial interventions that promote the well-being of carers of patients with cancer, the corresponding evidence base is disparate, complex, and difficult for end users to navigate and interpret. Carers remain undersupported with a lack of dedicated, effective, evidence-based programs. We will conduct a meta-review to synthesize this evidence and determine the state of science in this field. This study aims to address the question, "what psychosocial interventions are available to promote the well-being of carers for people with cancer?" A meta-review will synthesize the relevant reviews of psychosocial interventions that have been developed and evaluated with carers for people with cancer. A total of 4 electronic databases (PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) will be searched for reviews published between January 2013 and December 2023. A team-based approach will be taken for screening and assessment of the returned records against the eligibility criteria to determine inclusion. Included reviews will be critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Relevant data on study characteristics, carer and patient populations, intervention details, and psychosocial outcomes will be extracted, synthesized, and the findings will be presented in a narrative format. It is anticipated that the study will be completed by October 2024. Ensuring that carers have access to evidence-based programs that promote their well-being as they care for loved ones is critical. This meta-review will contribute to program development and translation efforts by providing a clear picture of the intervention evidence base of carers of patients with cancer and identifying notable strengths, weaknesses, and gaps across the literature. The findings are anticipated to offer future directions to advance research in the field. PROSPERO (CRD42023403219); https://tinyurl.com/4tnzv49s. DERR1-10.2196/56403.