Nanotechnology Research Articles

Nanotechnology for Pain Management.

Introduction: In the context of the current opioid crisis, non-pharmacologic approaches to pain management have been considered important alternatives to the use of opioids or analgesics. Advancements in nano and quantum technology have led to the development of several nanotransporters, including nanoparticles, micelles, quantum dots, liposomes, nanofibers, and nano-scaffolds. These modes of nanotransporters have led to the development of new drug formulations. In pain medicine, new liposome formulations led to the development of DepoFoam™ introduced by Pacira Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Parsippany, NJ, USA). This formulation is the base of DepoDur™, which comprises a combination of liposomes and extended-release morphine, and Exparel™, which comprises a combination of liposomes and extended-release bupivacaine. In 2021, Heron Therapeutics (San Diego, CA, USA) created Zynrelef™, a mixture of bupivacaine and meloxicam. Advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of devices/patches containing millions of nanocapacitors. Data suggest that these nanotechnology-based devices/patches reduce acute and chronic pain. Methods: Google and PubMed searches were conducted to identify studies, case reports, and reviews of medical nanotechnology applications with a special focus on acute and chronic pain. This search was based on the use of keywords like nanotechnology, nano and quantum technology, nanoparticles, micelles, quantum dots, liposomes, nanofibers, nano-scaffolds, acute and chronic pain, and analgesics. This review focuses on the role of nanotechnology in acute and chronic pain. Results: (1) Nanotechnology-based transporters. DepoDur™, administered epidurally in 15, 20, or 25 mg single doses, has been demonstrated to produce significant analgesia lasting up to 48 h. Exparel™ is infiltrated at the surgical site at the recommended dose of 106 mg for bunionectomy, 266 mg for hemorrhoidectomy, 133 mg for shoulder surgery, and 266 mg for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Exparel™ is also approved for peripheral nerve blocks, including interscalene, sciatic at the popliteal fossa, and adductor canal blocks. The injection of Exparel™ is usually preceded by an injection of plain bupivacaine to initiate analgesia before bupivacaine is released in enough quantity from the depofoarm to be pharmacodynamically effective. Finally, Zynrelef™ is applied at the surgical site during closure. It was initially approved for open inguinal hernia, abdominal surgery requiring a small-to-medium incision, foot surgery, and TKA. (2) Nanotechnology-based devices/patches. Two studies support the use of nanocapacitor-based devices/patches for the management of acute and chronic pain. A randomized study conducted on patients undergoing unilateral primary total knee (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) provided insight into the potential value of nanocapacitor-based technology for the control of postoperative acute pain. The results were based on 2 studies, one observational and one randomized. The observational study was conducted in 128 patients experiencing chronic pain for at least one year. This study suggested that compared to baseline, the application of a nanocapacitor-based Kailo™ pain relief patch on the pain site for 30 days led to a time-dependent decrease in pain and analgesic use and an increase in well-being. The randomized study compared the effects of standard of care treatment to those of the same standard of care approach plus the use of two nanocapacitor-based device/patches (NeuroCuple™ device) placed in the recovery room and kept in place for three days. The study demonstrated that the use of the two NeuroCuple™ devices was associated with a 41% reduction in pain at rest and a 52% decrease in the number of opioid refills requested by patients over the first 30 days after discharge from the hospital. Discussion: For the management of pain, the use of nano-based technology has led to the development of nano transporters, especially focus on the use of liposome and nanocapacitors. The use of liposome led to the development of DepoDur™, bupivacaine Exparel™ and a mixture of bupivacaine and meloxicam (Zynrelef™) and more recently lidocaine liposome formulation. In these cases, the technology is used to prolong the duration of action of drugs included in the preparation. Another indication of nanotechnology is the development of nanocapacitor device or patches. Although, data obtained with the use of nanocapacitors are still limited, evidence suggests that the use of nanocapacitors devices/patches may be interesting for the treatment of both acute and chronic pain, since the studies conducted with the NeuroCuple™ device and the based Kailo™ pain relief patch were not placebo-controlled, it is clear that additional placebo studies are required to confirm these preliminary results. Therefore, the development of a placebo devices/patches is necessary. Conclusions: Increasing evidence supports the concept that nanotechnology may represent a valuable tool as a drug transporter including liposomes and as a nanocapacitor-based device/patch to reduce or even eliminate the use of opioids in surgical patients. However, more studies are required to confirm this concept, especially with the use of nanotechnology incorporated in devices/patches.

Representations of (Nano)technology in Comics from the ‘NanoKOMIK’ Project

Abstract Representations of science and technology, embodied as imaginaries, visions, and expectations, have become a growing focus of analysis. These representations are of interest to normative approaches to science and technology, such as Hermeneutic Technology Assessment and Responsible Innovation, because of their ability to modulate understandings of science and technology and to influence scientific and technological development. This article analyses the culture of participation underlying the NanoKOMIK project and the representations and meanings of (nano)science and (nano)technology communicated in the two nano-fiction comic books created as part of the project: Dayanne and Murillo. The power of nanoscience (2016) and NanoKOMIK #2 (2017). The article argues that despite NanoKOMIK’s efforts to engage the public with (nano)science and (nano)technology, it reproduces non-binding modes of public participation and transmits socio-technical meanings that are instrumental in the social legitimisation of (nano)technology. More specifically, the analysis shows that NanoKOMIK’s comic books, in addition to not problematising the risks and conveying an eminently positive view of nanotechnology, also communicate certain ‘myth-conceptions’ of scientific activity and its products. For example, they convey an individualistic and linear vision of research and innovation and an instrumentalist and neutral (or ‘value-free’) view of technology. These findings highlight the importance of critically analysing the ‘cultures of participation’ that characterise and reproduce ‘participatory’ or ‘collaborative’ projects and the representations of (nano)science and (nano)technology that they perpetuate.

Nanotechnology applications in interior design of hospitals to enhance thermal comfort and decrease the infection spread for the occupants

Background In healthcare facilities, the significance of sensitive architecture cannot be overstated. In regions facing challenges such as Egypt, the healthcare sector is grappling with deteriorating conditions. The design of hospitals is crucial for addressing the needs of patients with varying illnesses and for creating an environment that fosters psychological well-being. The interior design process, especially the selection of materials, plays a pivotal role in ensuring a hygienic and safe environment within healthcare facilities. Walls, floors, ceilings, and furniture materials are key elements that contribute to the overall design. A study was conducted to investigate the application of nano materials in healthcare facility interior design in Egypt. Methods The study involved first a literature review on nano technology and its application in healthcare interior spaces. It culminated in a framework and guidelines for nano materials in different hospital zones. The analytical part of the study analysed successful international examples, leading to a checklist of nanomaterials categorized by hospital zones. The third part involved a base case study in Alexandria, Egypt, simulating the impact of nano coatings on air temperature, radiant temperature, and relative humidity using the DesignBuilder software. Results The results demonstrated a positive impact on patient health and thermal comfort with nano materials. The use of nano coatings in interior design finishes resulted in decreases in air temperature, radiant temperature, and relative humidity. There was an average decrease of 12.3%-16.7% in air temperature, 3%-4.2% in radiant temperature, and 7%-12% in relative humidity throughout the year. Conclusions The study highlighted the effectiveness of nano technology in enhancing the interior finishes of healthcare buildings, leading to improved patient health, thermal comfort, and decreased infection spread rate. We provide valuable recommendations for optimizing material selection in existing hospital buildings in emphasizing potential benefits of nano materials in healthcare facility design.

‘GREEN METAL NANO TECHNOLOGY IN DENTISTRY’-A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Over time, there has been a lot of interest in the synthesis of green AgNPs utilising plant extracts due to the remarkable antibacterial capabilities of these nanoparticles. These particles' nanosized makes it easier for them to pass through cell membranes, interacts with internal organelles, and eventually damages cells when they proliferate. With the exceptional benefits, including practicality, simplicity of usage, and the utilisation of specialised processes like bacteria, plants are currently the preferred method for synthesising metal nanoparticles. Based on the idea of converting silver ions (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles (Ag0), green synthesis techniques for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are provided. The literature reveals that the modified metal nano particles modifying with green methods are already practicing by dental clinicians, whereas still less percentage of practitioners are using this green nano technology. Hence this narrative review includes different metal nano particles using in dentistry and different green methods using to modify the environmentally friendly dental practices.

A New Method for Analysis of Martials Nano and Micro Electronics Technologies

This final qualifying work investigates prospective microelectronic and nano electronic materials. The purpose of the final qualifying mission is to evaluate potential manufacturing technologies and materials. In the first phase of the endeavor, potential materials for microelectronics and nanoelectronics were investigated. Graphene, fullerenes, fullerites, carbon nanotubes (CNT), nanofibers, ferrites, barium hexaferrite, nano powders, and epitaxial coatings are among these substances. An investigation into diverse methodologies pertaining to the production of auspicious materials was undertaken during the preliminary stage of the undertaking. Molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition, spray deposition, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical solution deposition, gas-phase synthesis, electrospinning, chemosynthesis, detonation synthesis and electric explosion, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), spray deposition, physical vapor deposition (PVD), and the sol-gel method were among these processes.

Preface

This book collects papers selected from the 25th Annual Conference & 14th International Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro-Nano Technology (CSMNT2023).CSMNT2023 took place in the city of Shenzhen, China, from the 20th to the 23rd of October, 2023, which was hosted by Chinese Society of Micro-Nano Technology, and organized by Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Peking University ShenZhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology and Shenzhen Society of Micro-Nano Technology.With the topic “Magical Micro-Nano • Wonderful World”, CSMNT2023 invited scientists in micro-nano technology all over the world to discuss the state-of –the-art and the development of the micro-nano technology. The conference set up a variety of activities such as general report, session report, poster exchanging and technical exhibition. CSMNT2023 focused on new technologies, new achievements, new breakthroughs and new trends in the fields of micro and nano technology and related frontiers. Topics include, but are not limited to: Design, simulation and analysis of micro/nano devices; Micro/nanomaterials; Fabrication technologies and processes; Micro/nano detection and characterization; Micro/nano sensors; Intelligent micro-systems and so on.There are 12 top level MEMS and NANO technology researchers were invited to make plenary presentations. Also 320 invited talks were given in 33 sessions. Thanks to all the staff and CSMNT Secretary for the efforts they have made, and thanks all honored participants. Their contributions in all aspects are indispensable to the conference’s success.Thanks to IOP Publishing for their work on publishing the special volume for the selected papers of the conference. We have good experience for cooperation, and hope that we can continue this cooperation in coming conferences in the future.The 26th Annual Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro/Nano Technology and 15th International Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro/Nano Technology (CSMNT2024) will be held in September 2024, Taiyuan, China.List of Conference organising committee is available in the pdf

Comparative Studies of Phonon Frequency Spectrum of HTSCs GdBa2Cu3O7 and SmBa2Cu3O7 Through Normal Co-Ordinate Analysis

The prime application of Nano technology is High temperature superconductor. The Raman spectroscopy of HTSC explains that the role played by the phonons in the mechanism of superconductivity in the perovskite family of superconductors is not fully understood although a large series of experimental results has shown considerable coupling of some phonons to electronic excitation in these systems. Optical spectroscopy and especially Raman and Infrared spectroscopy revealed strong direct influences of the changes in the electronic states to the phonon at the center of the Brillouin. However, it is indispensable to have a precise knowledge of the zone –boundary phonons to investigate the contribution of electron-phonon coupling to Tc which can be achieved by neutron scattering techniques. The most commonly employed model is the valence force field model for computing phonon frequencies based on stretching bond and bending bond coordinates. Such models have the advantage of being well adopted to describe a covalent bonding but ignored the long–range Coulomb forces and wave vector dependence of the phonon spectrum. Even though a fairly good amount of literature is available on the vibrational spectra of high temperature superconductors, still some specific feature in the experimental vibration spectra could not be assigned reliable to a definite type of vibration. Hence a normal coordinate analysis (NCA) which is applicable to zero wave-vector normal-mode vibrations have been carried out for the high temperature superconductors and the assignment of specific features like phonon softening and hardening were looked in for the clear understanding of the superconducting mechanism in these new class materials. In the normal coordinate analysis, PED play an important role for characterization of the relative contributions from each internal coordinate to the total potential energy associated with particular normal coordinate of the molecule. The contribution to the potential energy from the individual diagonal elements give rise to a conceptual link between the empirical analysis of infrared spectra of complex molecules dealing with characteristic group frequencies and the theoretical approach from the computation of the normal modes. NCA gives complete assessment of all normal vibration modes of the system.

Correlation Studies of Growth and Yield Attributes with Grain Yield of Scented Rice as Influenced by Nano Urea in Combination with Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Manure

Appropriate nitrogen management increases the yield of rice. Both excess and low nitrogen content leads to lower the production of rice. A large amount of nitrogen causes soil fertility loss and thus, the yield. Nano urea is a nano technology that provides nitrogen required for crop at critical stages. Keeping these in mind a research experiment was carried out to assess the correlation studies of growth and yield attributes with grain yield of scented rice as influenced by Nano urea in combination with inorganic fertilizer and organic manure at Instructional Farm Unit, Krishi Nagar, JNKVV, Jabalpur during the rainy season of 2022 and 2023. Ten treatment combinations were laid out in randomized block design with four replications. The results revealed that all the growth parameters were observed a strong and positive correlation with grain yield of rice. The regression analysis showed a strong positive linear relationship with the growth parameters viz., plant height (95% and 97%, respectively) and no. of tillers hill-1 (94% and 91%, respectively), yield attributes viz., panicle length (94% and 95%, respectively) and total no. of grains panicle-1 (97% and 95%, respectively) and grain yield of rice. This concludes that all the growth and yield attributes positively contributed towards gaining higher yield.

Combined Application of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Manure with Nano Urea on Growth and Yield of Scented Rice

Rice is a staple cereal grain for millions of the world population. Inorganic, organic and biofertilizer play crucial role in gaining higher production of scented rice. Excessive use of conventional fertilizer lowers the soil heath. Therefore, there is a need for such a technology which will be able to achieve higher sustainable production. Nano urea is a nano technology which can provide a way to bring down the minus of conventional fertilizers. Keeping these in view, present investigation entitled the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure with Nano urea on growth and yield of scented rice was carried out at Instructional farm unit, Krishi Nagar, JNKVV, Jabalpur during the rainy season of 2022 and 2023. Ten treatments combination was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. The results of present study revealed that application of 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at active tillering (AT) and panicle initiation (PI) stage registered maximum plant height (113.44 and 107.52 cm, respectively), no. of tillers hill-1 (21.88 and 19.49, respectively) during both the years of experimentation. As regard to yield and yield attributes significantly maximum total no. of grains panicle-1 (81 and 78, respectively), panicle length (28.23 and 27.19 cm, respectively), grain (4780 and 4418 kg ha-1, respectively) and straw yield (6652 and 6432 kg ha-1, respectively) was recorded with the application of 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage during both the years of experimentation. Thus, the study suggests that trimming down the conventional fertilizer by using Nano urea and Azospirillum could help in gaining optimum yield. Also, combination of Nano urea with vermicompost and Azospirillum play important role in improving soil quality alongwith crop health.

DNA-based nanostructures for RNA delivery.

RNA-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, genetic disorders, and infectious diseases. However, the delivery of RNA molecules into target cells has been a major challenge due to their susceptibility to degradation and inefficient cellular uptake. To overcome these hurdles, DNA-based nano technology offers an unprecedented opportunity as a potential delivery platform for RNA therapeutics. Due to its excellent characteristics such as programmability and biocompatibility, these DNA-based nanostructures, composed of DNA molecules assembled into precise and programmable structures, have garnered significant attention as ideal building materials for protecting and delivering RNA payloads to the desired cellular destinations. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the design and application of three DNA-based nanostructures: DNA origami, lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) technology related to frame guided assembly (FGA), and DNA hydrogel for the delivery of RNA molecules. Their biomedical applications are briefly discussed and the challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.

Chitosan-based Nanomedicine in the Management of Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Review

Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of permanent blindness globally. Due to the various obstacles, highly invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections are the prima-ry method used to deliver medications to the tissues of the posterior eye. An utmost patient-friendly topical ocular delivery approach has been extensively researched in recent years. Muco-adhesive compositions extend precorneal residence time while reducing precorneal clearance. They increase the likelihood of adhesion to corneal and conjunctival surfaces and, as a result, al-low for enhanced delivery to the posterior eye segment. Due to its remarkable mucoadhesive characteristics, chitosan (CS) has undergone the most extensive research of any mucoadhesive polymer. Drug delivery to the front and back of the eye is still difficult. The pharmaceutical in-dustry has shown greater interest in drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology (NT) in recent years, particularly those made from natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, etc. Be-cause of their incredible adaptability, higher biological effects, and favourable physicochemical properties, CS-oriented nanomaterials (NMs) are explored by researchers as prospective nanocar-riers. CS are the right substrates to develop pharmaceutical products, such as hydrogels, nanopar-ticles (NP), microparticles, and nanofibers, whether used alone or in composite form. CS-based nanocarriers deliver medicine, such as peptides, growth factors, vaccines, and genetic materials in regulated and targeted form. This review highlights current developments and challenges in chi-tosan-mediated nano therapies associated with AMD.

Egyptian Farmers' knowledge about Nano technology and their readiness to utilize its Applications for enhancing / promoting Agriculture production and marketing

Egyptian Farmers' knowledge about Nano technology and their readiness to utilize its Applications for enhancing / promoting Agriculture production and marketing

Autonomous Quadruple Spider Robot for Surveillance and Exploration with Advanced 3D Mapping

This research introduces an advanced quadruple spider robot designed for 3D mapping, utilizing Arduino Nano, ESP32, and LIDAR sensor technology. The integration of these components allows the robot to navigate and scan its surroundings, producing precise three-dimensional maps in real-time. The Arduino Nano serves as the microcontroller, while the ESP32 provides robust wireless communication capabilities. LIDAR technology ensures accurate distance measurement, enabling the robot to adapt efficiently to various environments. This innovative platform showcases significant potential for applications in surveillance, exploration, and disaster response. By leveraging the synergy between Arduino, ESP32, and LIDAR, the robot enhances spatial understanding and decision-making processes, offering a versatile solution for autonomous operations. The robot's real-time 3D mapping capabilities make it a valuable asset in scenarios requiring detailed environmental analysis and prompt situational awareness. This research underscores the effectiveness of combining microcontroller technology with advanced sensors to develop autonomous robotic systems capable of operating in diverse and challenging conditions. The practical implications of this technology extend to improving safety, efficiency, and operational effectiveness in critical missions.

Droplet-based logic gates simulation of viscoelastic fluids under electric field

Nano and microfluidic technologies have shown great promise in the development of controlled drug delivery systems and the creation of microfluidic devices with logic-like functionalities. Here, we focused on investigating a droplet-based logic gate that can be used for automating medical diagnostic assays. This logic gate uses viscoelastic fluids, which are particularly relevant since bio-fluids exhibit viscoelastic properties. The operation of the logic gate is determined by evaluating various parameters, including the Weissenberg number, the Capillary number, and geometric factors. To effectively classify the logic gates operational conditions, we employed a deep learning classification to develop a reduced-order model. This approach accelerates the prediction of operating conditions, eliminating the need for complex simulations. Moreover, the deep learning model allows for the combination of different AND/OR branches, further enhancing the versatility of the logic gate. We also found that non-operating regions, where the logic gate does not function properly, can be transformed into operational regions by applying an external force. By utilizing an electrical induction technique, we demonstrated that the application of an electric field can repel or attract droplets, thereby improving the performance of the logic gate. Overall, our research shows the potential of the droplet-based logic gates in the field of medical diagnostics. The integration of deep learning classification algorithms enables rapid evaluation of operational conditions and facilitates the design of complex logic circuits. Additionally, the introduction of external forces and electrical induction techniques opens up new possibilities for enhancing the functionality and reliability of these logic gates.

Peran Teknologi Perangkat Pembentuk Artificial Intelligence dalam Novel Traveline Past Karya Luna Torashyngu

The aim of this research is to explore the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) device technology in supporting everyday human life, especially in Luna Torasyngu's novel "Traveline Past." AI is implemented as an intelligent and flexible assistant/partner, serving not only as a mechanical tool but also as an adaptive partner that responds to user needs. Concrete examples include smartwatches, computers with complex authorization systems, sensors that read phenomena and function as weapons, databases encompassing information from the past, and the use of Nano Technology in the production of clothing that can change according to needs. The research findings provide a holistic overview of how AI technology and its related components can shape the lifestyle and interaction of humans with the environment in the future, prompting questions about the positive impact and ethical challenges associated with the integration of AI into daily life. The focus is on analyzing the role of AI-forming device technology in the novel, using a hermeneutic approach. The findings include the utilization of technologies such as 1) smartwatches, 2) computers, 3) sensors, 4) databases, and 5) Nano Technology.

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Teknologi Nano terhadap Pertumbuhan Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) yang Dibudidayakan secara Hidroponik

The use of AB Mix in hydroponic cultivation has side effects on body health because AB Mix is a chemical fertilizer. Liquid organic fertilizer is fertilizer in liquid form made from a mixture of compost and fermented water which can provide nutrients according to plant needs. Providing nutrients in hydroponic cultivation has a weakness, namely that nutrient deposition occurs, especially when using a wick system because the nutrients in the wick system are passive. To reduce the deposition of nutrient solutions in the wick system used in this research, nanotechnology is needed which can reduce the particle size so that it is more efficient use of nutrients. This research used the RAL method with 3 treatments and 5 repetitions P1 Control (AB Mix 100%), P3 AB Mix 50% + POC nano 50%, P5 POC nano 100%. The observation data obtained was analyzed using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) application. And continued with the DMRT test at the 5% level. The results obtained from the influence of POC nanotechnology on the growth of pakchoy plants can be seen from the average height of P1 plants, namely 17.44 cm, number of leaves 28.2, wet weight 32.44 g, and dry weight 2.1 g. The use of POC nano technology does have effect on the growth of pakchoy plants.

Bioinspired active hemocompatible coating systems for mechanical circulatory support devices: when engineering meets nano and molecular technology

Industrial manufacturing is undergoing a biological transformation, which has become a growing part of current research in production engineering. The technologies involved help to translate innovative approaches into existing or novel medical devices. Currently, however, even the most advanced blood contacting medical devices fail to be sufficiently inert to blood, thus causing acute effects – coagulation, inflammation, embolism, stroke – as well as chronic ones – inflammation and chronic use of anticoagulants. We present the marriage of advanced molecular science, nanotechnology and advanced production engineering to improve the hemocompatibility of hemodynamic systems, such as artificial hearts. Our consortium has joined forces to develop nature-inspired coating systems that improve hemocompatibility, prohibit adhesion of bacteria and minimize the growth of dangerous large thrombi. We achieve this by (1) concealing the presence of the titanium surface, thereby minimizing the activation of inflammatory and coagulatory reactions, (2) locally inactivating those molecules that cause uncontrolled coagulation, (3) directing the blood to use its own fibrinolytic system to digest the clot and (4) introducing micro surface patterns that interfere with the flow near the surface generating shear, which in turn prohibits dangerous clots from growing. In vitro tests demonstrate considerable improvement in hemocompatibility.

Nano technology - Infused Azolla Manure: Improving Rice Stem Thickness in Sustainable Agriculture

Nano materials were integrated into the Azolla manure to enhance its nutrient delivery and promote a more efficient chemical reaction in the soil, improving plant growth. The experiment was conducted over a 2500 square feet area, with two groups: Group 1 utilizing nano-enhanced Azolla manure and Group 2 using traditional Goat manure. Each group contained 20 samples, for a total of 40 samples. The G-power calculation indicated a sample size with 85% power and a 90% confidence interval, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results revealed that the nano-enhanced Azolla manure significantly increased stem diameter, with a maximum recorded value of 4.3mm per plant after 120-145 days, compared to 3.4mm in the Goat manure group. This difference was statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.0026 (p < 0.05). The improved performance of the nano-enhanced Azolla manure is attributed to the optimized nutrient absorption and enhanced chemical interactions facilitated by the nano materials. These findings suggest that nano-enhanced Azolla manure could serve as a superior organic fertilizer, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional fertilizers like Goat manure, and holds considerable potential for improving the mechanical properties of rice crops, particularly stem growth, in agricultural applications.

The Effect of Jelly Candy Snake Fruit and Banana With Ferrous Fumarat Fortified using Nano Technology in Adolescent Female at Junior High School

The Effect of Jelly Candy Snake Fruit and Banana With Ferrous Fumarat Fortified using Nano Technology in Adolescent Female at Junior High School

Nano formulation of Berberine (Brb): Transforming a natural alkaloid into advanced therapeutics

A naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid “Berberine” (Brb) is found in various plant species of the genus Berberis, such as Berberis vulgaris, Berberis aristata, Berberis microphylla, and so on. This component has been studied extensively by various researchers and scientists for its diverse therapeutic properties, including anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial antidiarrheal, and anti-inflammatory effects. One of the most remarkable applications of berberine is its efficacy in managing type-II diabetes, which is attributed to its capability to initiate adenosine monophosphate, glycolysis stimulation, protein kinases activation, inhibit mitochondrial function and thus collectively enhance the lipid and glucose metabolism. Also, Berberine has shown promising outcomes in addressing other health conditions, such as hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. In spite of its numerous benefits, extensive usage of berberine has been hindered by some challenges such as low bioavailability, limited absorption, and poor water solubility. Nano formulation has emerged as an auspicious approach to overcome these obstacles. This review highlights the advancements of using nano technology to overcome the limitations of berberine (Brb) associated with its absorption, dissolution, and bio-distribution, which are critical for its active application of pharmacology. While previous studies have explored the use of nano-carriers for transfer of drug, this review uniquely underlines an inclusive evaluation of several nanocarrier, together with lipid-based nanoparticles (SLNs, NLCs, micelles, and liposomes), polymeric-based nanoparticles (chitosan, alginate, dextran, and PLGA) and advanced materials (graphene, dendrimers, gold (Au), and silver (Ag) nanoparticles). It emphasizes their specific applications in treating conditions like diabetes, osteoarthritis, microbial infections, and melanoma, with special attention on innovative applications such as thermal therapy with AuNP-Brb and bio-imaging with Brb-based carbon dots. In conclusion, nanotechnology has shown an outstanding result in improving the therapeutic strength and delivery of berberine, more investigation is necessary to interpret these nanoparticle carriers into clinical applications. The detailing of specific therapeutic effects and this breadth of comparison highlight the novelty of this review, which sets a foundation for future research to translate these findings into clinical applications.