π-Conjugated polymers have continued to demonstrate their relevance and ability to be used in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Nanowires formed from semiconducting polymers can be easily produced and aligned, which considerably enhances the polymer’s properties, such as charge transport. This review discusses recent advances in the formation and alignment of semiconducting polymer nanowires. This includes whisker growth and self-assembly methods, as well as methods of nanoscopic confinement through composites and blends. Next, this review explores how semiconducting polymer nanowires have been successfully implemented in field-effect devices, sensors, and thermoelectrics. Recent developments for nanowires fabricated from self-assembled π-conjugated polymers are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to advances in techniques for scalable production of highly ordered nanowires as well as their deposition and alignment in thin films and composites. The benefits of using π-conjugated polymer nanowires, rather than thin films, in electronic devices is examined. Devices investigated include organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), chemical sensors, and thermoelectric devices.