Nanoscale Level Research Articles

A Smart Measurement System for the Combined Nanoscale and Device Level Characterization of Electron Devices: Implementation Using Ink-Jet Printing Technologies

In this article, the integration into a single measurement system of device level and nanoscale measurement equipment is presented and applied to the electrical characterization of emerging electron devices. This system is a smart solution to simplify the test procedure, since it allows a fast switching between measurement modes (device or nanoscale level), also featuring an enlarged testing capability. Key in the system is a custom-made inkjet-printed circuit board (I-PCB) that connects the device terminals to the proper instrumentation. The flexibility offered by inkjet-printing technologies is a clear advantage, since many kinds of devices can be tested, without the need of expensive hardware modifications. As a particular case of study, the proposed strategy is demonstrated by implementing a system that alternates between standard electrical measurements with a Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer (SPA) and Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM) nanoscale measurements on back-gate graphene field-effect transistors.

Quantitative Analysis of Clot Deposition on Extracorporeal Life Support Membrane Oxygenators Using Digital and Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Techniques.

Device-induced thrombosis remains a major complication of extracorporeal life support (ECLS). To more thoroughly understand how blood components interact with the artificial surfaces of ECLS circuit components, assessment of clot deposition on these surfaces following clinical use is urgently needed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which produces high-resolution images at nanoscale level, allows visualization and characterization of thrombotic deposits on ECLS circuitry. However, methodologies to increase the quantifiability of SEM analysis of ECLS circuit components have yet to be applied clinically. To address these issues, we developed a protocol to quantify clot deposition on ECLS membrane oxygenator gas transfer fiber sheets through digital and SEM imaging techniques. In this study, ECLS membrane oxygenator fiber sheets were obtained, fixed, and imaged after use. Following a standardized process, the percentage of clot deposition on both digital images and SEM images was quantified using ImageJ through blind reviews. The interrater reliability of quantitative analysis among reviewers was evaluated. Although this protocol focused on the analysis of ECLS membrane oxygenators, it is also adaptable to other components of the ECLS circuits such as catheters and tubing. Key features • Quantitative analysis of clot deposition using digital and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques • High-resolution images at nanoscale level • Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) devices • Membrane oxygenators • Blood-contacting surfaces Graphical overview.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МАРШРУТА МАГИСТРАЛЬНОЙ ТРЕЩИНЫ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ В МНОГОУРОВНЕВОЙ СТРУКТУРЕ КОНГЛОМЕРАТНЫХ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОМПОЗИТОВ

In the publication, conglomerate building composites (concrete) are identified as heterogeneous solids with a hierarchically organized spatial-geometric structure with a characteristic dimension from 10-10 to 10-1 m, with a minimum of 5-6 scale levels and three types of substructure design that differ in scale, genesis and mechanics of properties manifestation. The first type is characteristic of the macro-, meso- and microscale levels and is taken in the form of a two-component “construction” of a spatially continuous matrix and discrete solid and gaseous (macropores) inclusions deterministically and stochastically distributed in it; the second type refers to the submicro-, ultra-micro- and nanoscale levels and is believed to be in the form of a “microscale spatial structure” of new formations of a cementitious substance from consolidated individual crystalline differences; the third type, finally, corresponds to the atomic-molecular structure of new formations of the cementing substance. Characteristics of the distinguished types of substructures are given according to the scale of their components, the peculiarities of formation, the mechanics of manifestation of properties, design criteria and means of synthesis of each substructure. The patterns of formation of the fracture route in substructures of all types and substances of each scale level are analyzed. In this case, the development of the stress-strain state of the conglomerate composite according to the principle of energy dissipation, localization and increase (concentration) of stress is realized in the direction from the macro- to the atomic-molecular level of the structure of the composite, and the destruction itself and, accordingly, the formation of the crack route in time and in space of the composite passes in the direction from the atomic-molecular level to the macrolevel in a cascade through all intermediate structural levels. Within the framework of an integrated mechano-physico-chemical approach, the place of thermofluctuation theory (fracture physics) at the stages of breaking single atomic-molecular bonds and crack mechanics at the stages of development of micro- and macrodamage is shown. The possibilities of using theoretical principles of crack route formation to formulate and solve practical problems of designing and synthesizing optimal structures of conglomerate building composites are discussed.

Xanthene, cyanine, oxazine and BODIPY: the four pillars of the fluorophore empire for super-resolution bioimaging.

In the realm of biological research, the invention of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has enabled the visualization of ultrafine sub-cellular structures and their functions in live cells at the nano-scale level, beyond the diffraction limit, which has opened up a new window for advanced biomedical studies to unravel the complex unknown details of physiological disorders at the sub-cellular level with unprecedented resolution and clarity. However, most of the SRM techniques are highly reliant on the personalized special photophysical features of the fluorophores. In recent times, there has been an unprecedented surge in the development of robust new fluorophore systems with personalized features for various super-resolution imaging techniques. To date, xanthene, cyanine, oxazine and BODIPY cores have been authoritatively utilized as the basic fluorophore units in most of the small-molecule-based organic fluorescent probe designing strategies for SRM owing to their excellent photophysical characteristics and easy synthetic acquiescence. Since the future of next-generation SRM studies will be decided by the availability of advanced fluorescent probes and these four fluorescent building blocks will play an important role in progressive new fluorophore design, there is an urgent need to review the recent advancements in designing fluorophores for different SRM methods based on these fluorescent dye cores. This review article not only includes a comprehensive discussion about the recent developments in designing fluorescent probes for various SRM techniques based on these four important fluorophore building blocks with special emphasis on their effective integration into live cell super-resolution bio-imaging applications but also critically evaluates the background of each of the fluorescent dye cores to highlight their merits and demerits towards developing newer fluorescent probes for SRM.

Nitrogen vacancy defects in single-particle nanodiamonds sense paramagnetic transition metal spin noise from nanoparticles on a transmission electron microscopy grid.

Spin-active nanomaterials play a vital role in current and upcoming quantum technologies, such as spintronics, data storage and computing. To advance the design and application of these materials, methods to link size, shape, structure, and chemical composition with functional magnetic properties at the nanoscale level are needed. In this work, we combine the power of two local probes, namely, Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) spin-active defects in diamond and an electron beam, within experimental platforms used in electron microscopy. Negatively charged NVs within fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) particles are used to sense the local paramagnetic environment of Rb0.5Co1.3[Fe(CN)6]·3.7H2O nanoparticles (NPs), a Prussian blue analogue (PBA), as a function of FND-PBA distance (order of 10 nm) and local PBA concentration. We demonstrate perturbation of NV spins by proximal electron spins of transition metals within NPs, as detected by changes in the photoluminescence (PL) of NVs. Workflows are reported and demonstrated that employ a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) finder grid to spatially correlate functional and structural features of the same unique NP studied using NV sensing, based on a combination of Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) and Magnetic Modulation (MM) of NV PL, within TEM imaging modalities. Significantly, spin-spin dipole interactions were detected between NVs in a single FND and paramagnetic metal centre spin fluctuations in NPs through a carbon film barrier of 13 nm thickness, evidenced by TEM tilt series imaging and Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), opening new avenues to sense magnetic materials encapsulated in or between thin-layered nanostructures. The measurement strategies reported herein provide a pathway towards solid-state quantitative NV sensing with atomic-scale theoretical spatial resolution, critical to the development of quantum technologies, such as memory storage and molecular switching nanodevices.

Second order nonlinear optics in AlGaAs metasurfaces

Recently, nonlinear optics at the nanoscale level has emerged as a promising branch of nanophotonics. In this work, we focus our attention on Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) nanoantennas and metasurfaces for efficient and controlled second harmonic photon emission. After a brief introduction concerning the main studies in this field, we present the latest results achieved in AlGaAs platforms both in the lossless and absorption regimes.

High energy dissipation-based process to improve the rheological properties of bentonite drilling muds by reducing the particle size.

Drilling mud is a multi-phase fluid that is used in the petroleum drilling process. Bentonite is the most important constituent of drilling mud; it endows the drilling mud with its rheological behaviors, such as viscosity, yield stress, and shear thinning. The process of manufacturing microscale bentonite at the nanoscale level is very promising for commercializing nano-based drilling mud. In contrast to the conventional method using the impeller, bentonite was manufactured in its nanoparticle state in the present work through ultrasonic and homogenizer processes in the solution state. In case of the ultrasonic process, the viscosity increase in the low shear rate region before and after processing of the 5wt% bentonite-based mud and the rheological properties in the presence of polymer additive were compared. In case of the homogenizer process, the rheological properties of 3wt% bentonite-based mud employed through the homogenizer process and 5wt% mud prepared generally were compared. Both processes reported improvement of rheological properties, in which shear thinning behavior strongly occurred when particle size decreased through FE-SEM, TEM image analysis, and particle size analyzer. A regularized Herschel-Bulkley model suitable for rheological quantitative explanation of drilling mud including yield stress was selected. The homogenizer process has the potential to be applied in the petroleum drilling industry for large-scale production, and the mechanism was confirmed by numerical analyses. In conclusion, we presented a simple and easy-to-apply process to rapidly produce nano-based drilling mud.

Nanosatellite Temperature & HumiditySensor

In this paper, the development of nanosatellite temperature & humidity sensor is presented. Nanotechnology has emerged as a significant field of science and engineering with potential applications across multiple fields, including medicine, electronics, and energy. By studying materials at the nanoscale level, researchers have discovered unique properties that can be harnessed for innovative solutions to real-world problems. Nanotechnology is an area of ongoing research and development with efforts to explore its possibilities and challenges. This paper provides an overview of nanotechnology and its applications, with a particular focus on its use in space exploration. Over the past two decades, the rise of "New Space" has democratized access to space, allowing for the development of small and cost-effective satellites known as nanosatellites or CubeSats. These nanosatellites have revolutionized space exploration, enabling new approaches to space missions and facilitating creative solutions to space-related challenges. Nanosatellites have demonstrated their potential for Earth observation, climate monitoring, scientific research, and commercial applications such as space-based logistics and internet coverage. By using sensors, nanosatellites can collect valuable data and monitor their environments, making them an effective tool for space exploration and research. The work done & presented in this paper is the result of the mini-project work that has been done by the first sem engineering students of the college and as such there is little novelty in it and the references are being taken from various sources from the internet, the paper is being written by the students to test their writing skills in the starting of their engineering career and also to test the presentation skills during their mini-project presentation. The work done & presented in this paper is the report of the assignment / alternate assessment tool as a part and parcel of the academic assignment of the first year subject on nanotechnology & IoT.

Exploring the optical and structural properties of chromium (Cr)-doped polyaniline

In this present work, a Cr-Doped Polyaniline [Cr-PANI-CNT] nanocomposite using the chemical polymerization method is synthesized, where ammonium persulphate was used as an oxidant in an acidic (HCl) medium. The optical properties of both CNTs and PANI with Cr were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the morphological study of the nanocomposite was performed with the help of FESEM and TEM analysis. Expanding on this, our investigation into the Cr-Doped Polyaniline [Cr-PANI-CNT] nanocomposite's optical properties via FTIR included a detailed examination of the interaction between Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and PANI doped with Cr. This analysis not only provided insights into the chemical bonding and structural changes but also shed light on the nanocomposite's potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, our comprehensive morphological study using FESEM and TEM analysis allowed us to delve into the nanocomposite's structural characteristics and surface morphology at the nanoscale level. These insights are crucial for understanding the nanocomposite's physical properties and its suitability for various technological applications, such as sensors, energy storage devices, and catalysis. This study explored the electrical conductivity of Cr-Doped Polyaniline [Cr-PANI-CNT] nanocomposite through techniques like electrical conductivity measurements and cyclic voltammetry. These analyses revealed insights into its charge transport mechanisms and potential applications in electronics like field-effect transistors and conductive coatings. Additionally, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showcased the nanocomposite's thermal stability, making it suitable for hightemperature uses. These findings enhance our understanding and open avenues for its optimized utilization in various advanced technological domains.

The Application of Nanotechnology in Enhancing Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment: Future Aspects

Nanotechnology is the investigation of matter at the molecular and atomic levels. It identifies and discovers the beneficial features at the nanoscale level. There are numerous applications of nanotechnology in modern science. Medicinal field has great impact of modern nanoscience. Nano disks, high density lipoprotein nanostructures, and gold nanoparticles are different example of nanotechnology applied in drug delivery system. The growing discipline of this nanotechnology fulfilled the demand for innovative methods in the detection and treatment of cancer. With the help of this advanced technology several functional molecules can be conjugated simultaneously such as tumor-specific ligands, antibodies, anticancer drugs, and imaging probes etc. Nanoparticles are biocompatible and biodegradable in nature. They act as a carrier, which target particular sites of cancer cell. Since, nanoparticles are 100-1000 times smaller than cancer cells, they can readily pass through leaky blood vessels. They can easily interact with tumor-specific proteins both on the outside and inside of cancer cells. This advance nanotechnology has brought a new hope for developing treatment of cancer therapy. In this article, we highlighted a review on the recent applications of nanoscience in enhancing immunotherapy and the treatment of cancerous cells.

DESIGN OF A 6T SRAM CELL WITH MINIMAL POWER USING CADENCE VIRTUOSO

It has proven challenging for VLSI designers to lower leakage power at the nanoscale level. This is because high- end gadgets, battery-operated portable pads, and other communication tools are in high demand. Memories are made up of static RAM and dynamic RAM. SRAM has had a significant impact on the worldwide VLSI market sinceit is preferred over DRAM because to its rapid read and write access times. Using a 6T static random access memory cell, this study's novel approach to lowering leakage current at various technologies has been put forth. To reduce the 6T SRAM cell leaking power, three source biasing techniques are used. At 45 nanometer and 90 nm technology nodes, the three techniques are NMOS diode clamping, PMOS diode clamping, and NMOS-PMOS diode clamping. The implementation of a 6T SRAM cell using the Multiple Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) technique at 45nm technology is also emphasised in this article. Using the cadence virtuoso tool, the simulation is completed and different power dissipations are examined for 45 nm and 90 nm technologies, respectively, at supply voltages of 0.45 V and 0.9 V. Comparing PMOS clamping to the other two suggested techniques, an average power reduction of 82.19% was observed.

Parametric optimization of curved-rectangular shaped magnetorheological finishing tool for external cylindrical surfaces

Finishing of cylindrical surfaces in nano-scale roughness level is important to improve the surface structure of various industrial components. The nanofinishing not only enhances the surface quality but also improve the durability and reliability the components. In the present research, a new tool is developed i.e. curved-rectangular shaped magnetorheological finishing tool which is used for precise finishing of cylindrical materials made of non-ferromagnetic materials. The tool consists of two set of magnetic arrangement which is fixed at an angle of 90o by means of a tool bracket. The magnets placed inside the cylindrical bush moves to and fro as per the circumferential of workpiece. To check the performance of this tool, the design of experiments using design expert software is conducted with different process parameters i.e. workpiece rotational speeds (400 rpm, 600 rpm and 800 rpm), mesh sizes of SiC abrasives (600, 800 and 1000) and mesh sizes of EIPs (200, 300 and 400) against the percentage change in surface roughness value. The results concluded that the higher material removal in terms of Ra value as 77% is found with workpiece rotational speed 400 rpm followed by 600 mesh size of SiC abrasives and 200 mesh size of EIPs with finishing time as 40 minutes.

Self-organized structures induced by external white noise and nanosized levels of their formation in the non-crystalline As-S(Se) semiconductor systems

Discussed in this paper are the singularity and self-organizing effect of instability and randomness under the influence of external white noise on formation of non-crystalline materials. The random nature of the receiving medium together with the disorganizing effect was found to be capable to initiate formation of qualitatively new self-organized structures in non-crystalline solids. Also analyzed in the paper is the effect of a random temperature field applied to the melt during the cooling process in non-crystalline As-S(Se) semiconductor systems. The conditions for a non-crystalline system in a fluctuating external environment to adjust its properties to the average properties of the environment and to correspond to the deterministic case were identified. Furthermore, the conditions for non-additive reaction of the system to a random environment and formation of a new mode of energy conversion in the self-organized structure at the nanoscale level are determined. The spectrum of the structures created in this way is more diverse as compared to the spectrum corresponding to respective deterministic conditions.

Customizing Component Regulated Dense Heterointerfaces for Crafting Robust Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold great promise for the next‐generation energy storage system. However, their commercial applications are severely hindered by myriads of drawbacks such as poor electrical conductivity of sulfur, sluggish redox reaction kinetics of sulfur species, “shuttling effect” of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and uncontrollable dendritic Li growth. Herein, it is conceptually demonstrated that sluggish conversion kinetics of LiPSs is markedly stimulated by exquisite heterointerface modulation at nanoscale level over transition metal carbides and nitrides. In this scenario, N‐doped carbon coupled with molybdenum nitride/carbide (Mo2N‐MoC/NC) hybrid nanocomposites are designed through a one‐step carbonization‐nitridation process, wherein component regulation induced dense heterointerfaces are in situ produced. Benefiting from high electrical conductivity, strong chemical adsorption, and superior catalytic activity afforded by dense heterointerfaces, the Mo2N‐MoC/NC modified separators significantly restrict the soluble LiPSs shuttling and simultaneously suppress the Li dendrite generation. The assembled Li–S batteries with Mo2N‐MoC/NC modified separators exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance. Integrated experimental and theoretical results substantiate the boosted chemisorption and catalytic conversion of LiPSs endowed by such dense heterointerfaces. The work will open a new vista for rationally constructing multifarious heterostructured materials for the communities of Li‐S batteries.

Alternatingly stacked 2D/2D hybrid via preferential intercalation of nitrate ions between layered double hydroxide and graphene oxide

In this study, zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) with nitrate ion intercalation was developed to form a 2D/2D nanostructured hybrid composite on graphene oxide (GO) thin layers. Differing from ordinary LDH/GO composites where carbonate ion intercalation took place in LDH, the hybrid was achieved with exchangeable nitrate anion, hence allowing the subsequent GO and LDH interaction at the nanoscale level. Highly exfoliated GO product was introduced to the co-precipitation of zinc and aluminum ions at 10–30 %wt. compositions. Properties of the prepared hybrid were characterized by several techniques. This hybrid setup offered a synergistic effect of the two materials and benefitted the physicochemical properties including size-control of LDH particles on GO sheet, higher surface area with mesoporosity, and increased carbon combustion temperature making it heat resistant. The efficient adsorption property was then proven by the removal of both cationic and anionic dyes, i.e., methylene blue and methyl orange, up to 81 and 83 mg/g, respectively, and still recoverable due to its improved stability. The fast-forming mechanism of LDH, with and without GO participation, was revealed by the wide-angle x-ray diffraction, suggesting the initial formation of LDH intermediate that later re-structured to a more uniform nanohybrid. The findings of the study suggest that the 2D/2D hybrid system can be formed under facile precipitation. It is promising for water decontamination, controlled release, and delivery system.

Plasma Activation and its Nanoconfinement Effects Boost Surface Anti‐Biofouling Performance

AbstractAlthough plasma treatment can alter polymer surface wettability and adhesiveness, scant attention has been given to plasma effects across scales and their anti‐fouling performance. Herein, the discovery that plasma‐activated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanopillar arrays remarkably enhance anti‐fouling behavior, yielding a 98.7% reduction in Escherichia coli adhesion compared to native planar surfaces. The plasma‐activated nanopillar arrays can hold to their anti‐fouling properties for extended periods of storage, still exhibiting more than 65.1% less bacterial colonization than their native planar counterparts after 50 days. The anti‐fouling behavior promoted by plasma activation is significantly enhanced as the structure features reduce in size from macroscale to microscale to nanoscale, revealing an altered plasma activation effect upon confinement at the nanoscale level. It is anticipated that the findings will improve the ability to achieve non‐fouling effects in polymeric materials for a broad range of applications in clinical and industrial settings.

The Effect of Surface Morphology of Silver Nanoparticles on the Selectivity of Styrene Epoxidation

Catalytic materials at the nanoscale level have an enormous impact on sustainable environmental protection, which is important for the future. Therefore, the researchers will intensively carry out the design of catalytic materials with well-ordered surface structures. In more detail, morphology-controlled nanoparticles have special interactions with the reactants that increase catalytic performance and influence the selectivity for catalytic reactions. For those reasons, obtaining specifically surface structure-tuned nanocrystals having different surface arrangements is a significant priority that promises the best model relationship between well-oriented surface structure and catalytic performance. In this study, silver nanocrystals shaped with cubes, truncated octahedrons, and octahedrons were produced. Their catalytic behaviors were examined as an innovation for epoxidation/oxidation reactions of styrene in mild conditions. The morphological and surface characterizations of nanocrystals were determined by analytical and instrumental methods such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray (HR-TEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). According to the results, nanoparticles having different surface-facets fractions can be employed to increase the selectivity of styrene epoxide.

Surface Enhancement Using Black Coatings for Sensor Applications.

The resolution of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is particularly crucial for gas sensor applications where low concentrations are detected. This resolution can be improved by increasing the effective surface of QCM electrodes and, thereby, enhancing their sensitivity. For this purpose, various researchers have investigated the use of micro-structured materials with promising results. Herein, we propose the use of easy-to-manufacture metal blacks that are highly structured even on a nanoscale level and thus provide more bonding sites for gas analytes. Two different black metals with thicknesses of 280 nm, black aluminum (B-Al) and black gold (B-Au), were deposited onto the sensor surface to improve the sensitivity following the Sauerbrey equation. Both layers present a high surface roughness due to their cauliflower morphology structure. A high response (i.e., resonant frequency shift) of these QCM sensors coated with a black metal layer was obtained. Two gaseous analytes, H2O vapor and EtOH vapor, at different concentrations, are tested, and a distinct improvement of sensitivity is observed for the QCM sensors coated with a black metal layer compared to the blank ones, without strong side effects on resonance frequency stability or mechanical quality factor. An approximately 10 times higher sensitivity to EtOH gas is reported for the QCM coated with a black gold layer compared to the blank QCM sensor.

Compositionally Disordered Crystalline Compounds for Next Generation of Radiation Detectors.

The review is devoted to the analysis of the compositional disordering potential of the crystal matrix of a scintillator to improve its scintillation parameters. Technological capabilities to complicate crystal matrices both in anionic and cationic sublattices of a variety of compounds are examined. The effects of the disorder at nano-level on the landscape at the bottom of the conduction band, which is adjacent to the band gap, have been discussed. The ways to control the composition of polycationic compounds when creating precursors, the role of disorder in the anionic sublattice in alkali halide compounds, a positive role of Gd based matrices on scintillation properties, and the control of the heterovalent state of the activator by creation of disorder in silicates have been considered as well. The benefits of introducing a 3D printing method, which is prospective for the engineering and production of scintillators at the nanoscale level, have been manifested.

Experimental and theoretical analyses of material removal in poppet valve magnetorheological finishing

Poppet valves used in internal combustion engines have a high risk of failure due to significant temperature and pressure. These poppet valves need surface finishing at the nano-scale level to prolong their life during their working use. In the present research, the chosen poppet valve has narrow ridge profiles, which is difficult to nano-finish by conventional processes due to certain limitations. The magnetorheological fluid-based finishing method can be effectively used for this kind of complicated narrow profile. For the magnetorheological fluid-based finishing processing of the poppet valve, a novel magnet fixture and setup is used. For checking the efficiency of this setup, surface characterization and surface roughness for polished and unpolished surfaces are outlined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, microscope and optical profilometer. The final surface roughness of Sa = 23.1 nm at poppet profiles were obtained. All manufacturing defects like burrs, dents, scratches and pits are almost removed. The study of finishing forces in the magnetorheological fluid-based finishing method is also carried out using magnetostatic fluid–solid interaction, experimental and theoretical analysis. This force analysis supports the development of the material dislodgement model to anticipate material removal rate while finishing. The gap (error = 12.87%) between the experimental and theoretical material removal rate is marginal. It has high accuracy and reliability for specific applications.