Iron Nanoparticles Research Articles

Optimization and chemical free fabrication of green synthesized iron nanoparticles as potential MRI contrast agent.

The current research article has investigated the synthesis and characterization of novel iron nanoparticles (INPs) from neem and betel leaves extract combination using response surface methodology-central composite design and coated with chitosan-curcumin (CCINPs) as a biocompatible and contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The coating of INPs with chitosan and curcumin (CCINPs) was carried out using a simple, easy, chemical-free ultrasonication method and characteristics were confirmed by UV-visible (Vis) spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The biocompatibility of the particles was ensured by conducting hemolytic and cell viability assays. The nanoparticle was found to be nonhemolytic (<5%) up to 150μg/mL for both INPs and CCINPs. The cell viability was stable (peripheral blood mononuclear cells-PBMCs) till 48h at 150μg/mL of INPs and CCINPs. Both the test results produced were found to be biocompatible and additionally, an in vitro MRI study of INPs and CCINPs demonstrated the efficiency of the nanoparticle as a negative contrast agent with enhanced contrast nature in CCINPs. Thus, overall results indicate that the green synthesized chemical-free novel CCINPs could be a potential candidate for a wide range of applications such as MRI, drug delivery, and in magnetic fluid hyperthermia.

Characterization of carbon-coated core-shell iron nanoparticles annealed by oxygen and nitrogen

Nanocomposites consisting of nanoparticles of iron oxide (Fe3O4) and iron carbide (Fe3C) with a core-shell structure (Fe core, Fe3O4 and/or Fe3C shells) coated with additional graphite-like carbon layer dispersed in carbon matrix have been synthesized by solid-phase pyrolysis of iron-phthalocyanine (FePc) and iron-porphyrin (FePr) with a pyrolysis temperature of 900°C, and post-annealing conducted at temperatures ranging from 150°C to 550°C under controlled oxygen- and/or nitrogen-rich environments. A comprehensive analysis of the samples’ morphology, composition, structure, size, and magnetic characteristics was performed by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) with elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and magnetic measurements by utilizing vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The effect of the annealing process on magnetic performance and efficient control of the hysteresis loop and specific absorption rate (SAR) are discussed.

Coupling single-atomic iron sites with iron nanoparticles for tandem-enhanced ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate

Coupling single-atomic iron sites with iron nanoparticles for tandem-enhanced ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate

Polyethylene Glycol as Surface Modification of Magnetite Nanoparticle Coated Silica a Potentially Hyperthermia Therapy Material

Local hyperthermia therapy is one of the cancer treatments by implementing heat from a temperature of 41-45°C on cancer cells. This method is believed to reduce the risk of normal cells around the cancer cells from dying. The form of hyperthermia therapy itself is in ferrofluid. During its development, superparamagnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide have attracted various studies because of their good magnetic properties and good biocompatibility. However, the poor particle interactions and their tendency to aggregation make coatings on superparamagnetic necessary. Therefore, silica coating on the superparamagnetic surface is carried out to reduce the risk of aggregation and increase the biocompatibility of the material. Polyethylene glycol functionalization was also applied to improve the biocompatibility of the material, as well as being a carrier for ferrofluid. The test was carried out using the magnetite co-precipitation synthesis method and the formation of a sol-gel silica coating. Variations applied in this experiment are the effects of TEOS concentration as a source of silica and the ratio of particles to PEG. The addition of silica was proven to increase the value of the magnetic moment to 51.55 emu/g. The addition of TEOS as a source of silica in iron (III) nanoparticles has an effect on increasing the magnetic attraction, decreasing the surface tension value, reducing particle size, and decreasing the SAR value. Functionalization of polyethylene glycol has the effect of reducing the magnetic moment, increasing and decreasing hydrophobicity, increasing the surface tension value, and reducing the particle size of iron (III) oxide nanoparticles. This shows that magnetic nanoparticles coated with silica with polyethylene glycol functionalization are proven to generate heat when given AC current with the SAR value and the highest temperature is found in iron (III) oxide which gets 3ml silica coating with a PEG ratio of 2:5 at a temperature of 32.2°C. and SAR value of 87.63 W/mg

Magnetically guided surgery after primary systemic therapy for breast cancer: implications for enhanced axillary mapping.

Superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles perform comparably to radioisotope ± blue dye for sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer, even when injected up to 8 weeks before surgery. Using superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles for sentinel lymph node detection after primary systemic therapy, and the maximum time frame of superparamagnetic iron nanoparticle administration have not been investigated. This cohort study included cN0/1-to-ycN0 patients undergoing sentinel lymph node detection or targeted axillary dissection. All patients received superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles either before primary systemic therapy or before surgery, and radioisotope on the day of surgery. For 113 patients analysed, superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles were injected a median of 3 (range 0-248) days before surgery, with a 97.4% detection rate compared with 91.2% for radioisotope (P = 0.057). Concordance for radioisotope was 97.1% and this was not affected by timing of superparamagnetic iron nanoparticle injection (Kendall's tau 0.027; P = 0.746). The median sentinel lymph node yield was 3 (interquartile range (i.q.r.) 2-3) for superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles and 2 (i.q.r. 2-3) for radioisotope (P < 0.001). In targeted axillary dissection, detection was 100% for superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles and 81.8% for radioisotope (P = 0.124). The index node was magnetic in 93.9% and radioactive in 66.7% (P = 0.007), an outcome that was not affected by any factors. For patients with metastases, superparamagnetic iron nanoparticle detection was 100% and radioisotope-based detection was 84.2% (P = 0.083), with superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles detecting more metastatic sentinel lymph nodes (median of 1 (i.q.r. 1-2) for superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles compared with a median of 1 (i.q.r. 0-1) for radioisotope; P = 0.005). Injection before primary systemic therapy is feasible and does not affect concordance with radioisotope. Superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles perform comparably to radioisotope, but detect more sentinel lymph nodes and have a higher rate of detection of metastatic sentinel lymph nodes.

The Biosynthesis, Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Response in Lactuca sativa L. Plants Inoculated with a Biofertilizer Based on Soil Yeast and Iron Nanoparticles

Lettuce is a vegetable that contributes vitamins, minerals, fibre, phenolic compounds and antioxidants to the human diet. In the search for improving production conditions and crop health, the use of microorganisms with plant growth-promoting capabilities, such as soil yeasts (PGPY), in conjunction with nanotechnology could offer sustainable development of agroecosystems. This study evaluated the synthesis of health-promoting bioactive compounds in lettuce under the application of soil yeast and an iron nanoparticle (NP-Fe2O3) encapsulated in alginate beads. Two yeast strains, Candida guillermondii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and a consortium of both yeasts were used in the presence and absence of Fe2O3-NPs. Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified via HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF and antioxidant activity. Ten phenolic compounds were identified, highlighting the chicoric acid isomer and two quercetin glycosides with high concentrations of up to 100 µg g−1 in treatments with C. guillermondii. Treatments with R. mucilaginosa and NPs-Fe2O3 presented an increase in antioxidant activity, mainly in TEAC, CUPRAC and DPPH activities in leaves, with significant differences between treatments. Therefore, the use of encapsulated soil yeasts is a viable alternative for application in vegetables to improve the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in lettuce and other crops.

Synthesis of Green Iron Nanoparticles Using Henna Plant Extract for Seed Germination and Vegetative Growth of Trigonella foenum-graecumL

This paper presents the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs). Iron sulfate served as the substrate and henna extract as the reducing agent in the synthesis of FeNPs. FeNPs were analyzed using a variety of techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, nano zeta-sizer analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). By using UV-visible spectroscopy, the electron transition band of iron oxide, or the peak at 291 nm, was found to be the source of the FeNPs. The characteristic bands of iron oxide were detected at 790 by FTIR. These bands are associated with the stretching vibration of Fe-O at 1022 and 1516 cm-1. to determine how applying different combinations of nano-fertilizers affects the growth and yield of fenugreek. The experiment consisted of nine treatments. The results demonstrated that T8 performed better than the other treatments in terms of all elements of vegetative development and yield contents. The T8 yields plant height of 43.12 cm, fresh weight of 30.41g, dry weight of 2.44g, seed weight of 5.09g, and pod weight of 7.39g with an increase rate of (55.56, 82.97, 162.36, 105.24, and 122.59)%.

Development of an adsorption-enhanced heterogeneous Fenton process for abatement of natural organic matter by kaolin-supported phytogenic nanoscale zero-valent iron

Abstract Natural organic matter (NOM) serves as a precursor for the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products when not adequately removed by conventional water treatment processes. The degradation of NOM by heterogeneous Fenton processes is particularly attractive because it results in prospects of zero sludge discharge. This work reports on NOM degradation and adsorption via the heterogeneous Fenton process using phytogenic zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) synthesised from green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) and supported on kaolin (fK-nZVI). The synthesised material was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Morphological analysis of SEM images and BET values revealed an increase in the surface area from 11.64 m2 · g−1 for kaolin to 27.07 m2 · g−1 for the kaolin-supported nZVI (K-nZVI), thus presenting an ideal modification for effective adsorption. Fenton process parameters were optimised, that is, H2O2 concentration (5 mM) and pH (4.5). At equilibrium, the adsorption by the fK-nZVI system was 0.127 mg · g−1, a value higher than reported in other adsorption systems at equivalent adsorbent dosage and NOM concentration. The promising results obtained in this study indicate heterogeneous Fenton degradation and adsorption can be a viable and effective method for NOM removal from aqueous media.

Influence of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on anaerobic digestion of swine manure: effects on methane yield

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) on the anaerobic digestion of swine manure. A wide range of doses of NZVI was evaluated (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, and 100 mgFe°/gVS). The maximum methane yield of 0.4506 L/gVSremoved was obtained with the concentration of 10 mgFe°/gVS representing an increase of 58.99% than the control system with 0.2834 L/gVSremoved, indicating that Fe° improves the methanogenic activity. However, when using doses greater than 20 mgFe°/gVS, there were decreases in the methane yield of 34.4–47.98%. Also, to observe the effect of NZVI in anaerobes was evaluated the activity in the electron transport system (ETS), where the control reactor showed an activity of 31.91 μg INTred/gVS•h, while in reactors with NZVI showed values of 39.48 μg INTred/gVS•h (10 Fe°mg/gVS), observing a stimulation of Fe° in microbial activity. However, the dose of 100 mgFe°/gVS showed the greatest decrease in methane yield (0.1474 L/gVSremoved) and a reduction in ETS was observed by 8.5% compared to the control. The effect on the composition of the volatile fatty acids was observed, where the control system obtained a maximum production of acetic acid of 639 mg/L, which was exceeded with the dose of 10 mg Fe°/gVS by 215% and a decrease of 41.15% with the inhibitory concentration of 100 mg Fe°/gVS. As a result, higher doses of NZVI affect the metabolic activity of anaerobes as well as the acetoclastic pathway causing a decrease in the methane production.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using Syzygium aromaticum extracts and their applications: Nitrate removal, malachite green degradation and antibacterial activity

In recent years, the use of green synthesized nanoparticles has emerged as a promising approach to address the challenges associated with environmental pollution. The contamination of water resources, particularly the rise in nitrate and textile dye concentrations poses serious risks to both human health and aquatic ecosystems, promoting eutrophication. In this regard, the current study aimed to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Syzygium aromaticum extract and characterize their physicochemical properties using various analytical techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The synthesized nanomaterials were then tested for their efficiency in removing nitrate and degrading the malachite green (MG) in aquatic systems. The batch experiments demonstrated that the green synthesized zero-valent iron particles (SA-FeNPs) and magnetite particles (SA-MNPs), using clove extract, removed 43 % and 36 % of nitrate, respectively, and degraded 29 % and 63 % of MG. These results suggest the feasibility of using green synthesized nanoparticles as a potential remediation strategy for addressing the issue of water pollution. Moreover, the nitrate removal and MG degradation by SA-FeNPs and SA-MNPs followed the pseudo-second-order adsorption model (∼R2 = 0.99) in the kinetic study. The findings of the study demonstrate the potential of green synthesized FeNPs for their effectiveness in removing nitrate and degrading MG in aquatic systems. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized FeNPs was evaluated against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The green synthesized FeNPs demonstrated good antibacterial activity, suggesting their potential to be used as an alternative material for developing effective antimicrobial agents. The results highlight the importance of green synthesis of FeNPs using Syzygium aromaticum extract as a sustainable approach for nitrate removal, MG degradation, and antibacterial activity in aquatic systems.

Mycogenic synthesis of iron nanoparticles using thermophilic mould Myceliophthora thermophila and their applicability in environmental remediation

Culture extract of thermophilic mould Myceliophthora thermophila BJTLRMDU7 played important role in the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using ferrous sulphate (FeSO4). The mould was grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) at 45 °C and 200 rpm for 72 h. A colour change from transparent to reddish brown showed the synthesis of FeNPs due to the surface plasmon resonance by the fungal culture extract. The process for the synthesis of nanoparticles was optimized using different reaction conditions. Biogenic iron nanoparticles were synthesized maximally at 50 °C and pH 5.0 after 24 h using 2 mM salt solution and one ml culture extract. Furthermore, formation of iron nanoparticles was significantly accelerated in the presence of light. The absorption peak was maximum around 250–350 nm in UV–vis spectrum. The absorption peaks of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at 619.99 cm−1, 793.57 cm−1, 882.32 cm−1, 1121.46 cm−1, 1627.71 cm−1, 2923.17 cm−1 and 3430.70 cm−1, indicated functional groups of active biomolecules involved in the synthesis of FeNPs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of green synthesized iron nanoparticles indicated the average size of 80 nm, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) data revealed the crystalline nature of FeNPs. These FeNPs efficiently reduced p-nitrophenol (PNP) into p-aminophenol (PAP), which was further confirmed by thin layer chromatography. Biogenic FeNPs showed 96 and 35 % decolourization of bromphenol blue and malachite green, respectively. Further, addition of H2O2 enhanced the decolourization of malachite green up to 96 %. Biogenic FeNPs synthesized from culture extract of a thermophilic mould have been found effective in remediation of environmental pollutants released from various industries.

Comparative study of the efficiency of conventional and green-prepared iron nanoparticles for catalytic ozonation

This study aimed at the preparation of green and conventionally prepared iron nanoparticles (Fe-C-NPs), their characterization and application as catalysts of ozonation to remove emerging contaminants and disinfection. It is the first time that a study has compared the chemical and morphological characteristics of Fe-C-NPs and related them to their efficiency as catalysts in ozonation. Green Fe-C-NPs were prepared with eucalyptus and mulberry leaves extract and the conventional Fe-C-NPs prepared using ammonia as reducing agent. The green synthesis routes are low cost and environmental friendly, thereby reducing the risk of harmful effects of toxic chemicals and derivative compounds. The Fe-C-NPs were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, XPS and VSM, and were applied in the degradation of malachite green, methylene blue, sulfamethoxazole, atrazine, and acetaminophen in ultrapure water and secondary effluent as well as in the inactivation of disinfection indicators. As expected, the implementation of Fe-C-NPs in catalytic ozonation resulted in enhanced efficacy compared to ozonation alone. However, the green Fe-C-NPs showed equivalent or better efficiency compared to the conventionally Fe-C-NPs, showing better efficiencies in cleaner water matrices. When applied to remove micropollutants and promote disinfection in secondary effluents, the green Fe-C-NPs showed equivalent efficiencies in comparison with conventional Fe-C-NPs. It highlights that nanomaterials produced by green routes can be an alternative to traditional nanomaterials that use of toxic reagents on its production.

Biodistribution Analysis of Peptide-Coated Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles: A Simple and Quantitative Method.

Biodistribution tracks compounds or molecules of interest in vivo to understand a compound's anticipated efficacy and safety. Nanoparticles deliver nucleic acid and drug payloads and enhance tumor permeability due to multiple properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, surface functionalization, and modifications. Studying the in vivo biodistribution of nanoparticles documents the effectiveness and safety of nanoparticles and facilitates a more application-driven approach for nanoparticle development that allows for more successful translation into clinical use. In this study, we present a relatively simple method to determine the biodistribution of magnetic iron nanoparticles in mice. In vitro, cells take up branched amphiphilic peptide-coated magnetic nanobeads (BAPc-MNBs) like their counterparts, i.e., branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) with a hollow water-filled core. Both BAPc-MNBs and BAPCs have widespread applications as a nanodelivery system. We evaluated the BAPc-MNBs tissue distribution in wild-type mice injected intravenously (i.v.), intraperitoneally (i.p.), or orally gavaged to understand the biological interactions and to further the development of branched amphiphilic peptide-based nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles allowed collection of the BAPc-MNBs from multiple organs by magnetic bead sorting, followed by a high-throughput screening for iron content. When injected i.v., nanoparticles were distributed widely to various organs before elimination from the system via the intestines in feces. The spleen accumulated the highest amount of BAPc-MNBs in mice administered NPs via i.v. and i.p. but not via oral gavage. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the magnetic sorting not only allowed quantification of the BAPc-MNBs but also identified the distribution of BAPc-MNBs after distinct administration methods.

Iron oxide nanoparticles produced by the laser ablation technique and analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The study of iron nanoparticles is one of the most researched areas in recent times due to the potential applications they have and because the study of iron by XPS is one of the most debated elements. In this work, we provide investigation data of iron oxide nanoparticles produced using the laser ablation technique, which were characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Survey spectra, C 1s, O 1s, and Fe 2p core levels spectra were acquired. Results showed the presence of Fe+3 and Fe+2 elements that constitute hematite and magnetite with differences in their concentrations depending on the fitting method. In addition, the presence of adventitious carbon and carbon from impurities was detected.

Effect of carbon encapsulation on magnetic inter-particle interaction of iron nanoparticles

Carbon encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles reduces agglomeration and makes the nanoparticles stable. In this work, as-prepared carbon-coated iron nanoparticles (CCFeNPs) are treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution, and the effect of carbon coating on the interparticle interaction of iron nanoparticles is discussed. Morphological characterization and the magnetization data confirmed that the treatment removes some coating layers. Field cooled (FC) and zero-field cooled (ZFC) measurements on the two samples revealed that the blocking temperature (TB) of the treated sample is lowered post hydrogen peroxide treatment. Magnetic interaction is increased in the treated sample compared to the as-prepared one and follows the Morup–Tronc (MT) model of inter-particle interactions (IPI). MR/MS ratio decreases post-treatment, indicating an increase in IPI after treatment. Out-of-phase AC susceptibility data showed two slope changes; one at a higher temperature indicates the magnetic blocking of core Fe, and the other at a lower temperature with a broad peak that shifts with frequency due to spin-glass behavior in the system.

FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED IRON AND ZINC PARTICLES BY DIOSPYROS CHLOROXYLON (ROXB.) LEAF EXTRACT: CHARACTERIZATION, ADSORPTION MODELING AND CARCINOGENIC DYE ADSORPTION APPLICATIONS

Objective: The discharge of these synthetic food dyes, such as sunset yellow and tartrazine, into industrial wastewater can lead to significant environmental and health issues. Its removal through effective adsorption presents an economical and efficient solution. Hence this study proposed to fabricate metal nanoparticles for the adsorption of carcinogenic dyes. Methods: The fabrication of iron and zinc nanoparticles employed the green synthesis methodology, utilizing an aqueous extract of Diospyros chloroxylon (Roxb.) as a reducing agent. The fabricated nanoparticles were characterized using TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), EDX (Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and UV-Visible Spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were studied for its efficiency for the adsorption of carcinogenic dyes such as tartrazine and Sunset Yellow. Results: The iron nanoparticles were noticed to be uniformly distributed rod-shaped particles having smooth surfaces with 23-51 nm size range and an average particle size of 34 nm. Whereas the iron nanoparticles were noticed to be uniformly distributed spherical to oval shape with 35 nm to 68 nm size range and an average particle size 53 nm. The XRD results confirm that the iron nanoparticles were rhombohedral phase structure with 71.91 % of elemental iron whereas the zinc nanoparticles were noticed to be hexagonal Wurtzite phase structure having 69.4 % of metallic zinc. These synthesized nanoparticles were applied for the removal of sunset yellow and tartrazine dyes were investigated and found more than 90 % was removed. Adsorption isotherm study was best fitted with Langmuir model, and the maximal adsorption capacity was found to be 52.18 and 75.04 mg/g for sunset yellow using iron and zinc nanoparticles, whereas tartrazine maximum adsorption capacity was noticed to be 69.96 and 84.24 mg/g for iron and zinc nanoparticles. The adsorption reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with high correlation coefficient. Repeated cycles of regeneration, reuse and stability showed very high removal efficiency and stability. Conclusion: The biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles demonstrates substantial promise for applications in environmental protection.

Structural and mechanical properties of iron nanoparticles during sintering and annealing: A molecular dynamics study

Sintering can provide the opportunity for reforming a strong sintering neck which is the main reason why the structure changes from BCC to amorphous while annealing can give the sintering body sufficient conditions to rearrange into BCC structures in an orderly manner. The strong sintering neck obtained at high temperature effectively strengthens the fracture strain of the system, raising the tensile limit from 0.13 to 0.36 and the shear limit from 0.10 to 0.45, respectively. In addition, the higher strain rate results in a small increase in anti-tensile and anti-shear strengths that is consistent with most metallic materials.

Assessing Cytotoxicity, Endotoxicity, and Blood Compatibility of Nanoscale Iron Oxide Magnetosomes for Biomedical Applications

Assessing Cytotoxicity, Endotoxicity, and Blood Compatibility of Nanoscale Iron Oxide Magnetosomes for Biomedical Applications

Characterization and antibacterial activity of biogenic iron nanoparticles using Proteus mirabilis

Abstract Background: The green production of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) due to its numerous biotechnological uses has attracted a lot of attention and clean and eco-friendly approaches in the medical field. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the biogenic creation of FeONPs. The search for alternative antimicrobial medicines has been prompted by growing worries about multidrug resistance. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this work was to investigate if Proteus mirabilis was the source of green-manufactured iron nanoparticles (INPs). The Fourier transform infrared, attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible, and dynamic light scattering measurements were used to characterize the green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). Using the agar-well diffusion method, the antibacterial investigation’s efficacy was evaluated. Results: The results found that at 128 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration, we have demonstrated the potent antibacterial properties of FeONPs produced through biological procedures against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to many drugs. These NPs, including their antimicrobial qualities, how they work, how they affect drug-resistant microbes, the risks involved with using them, the unique qualities of NPs, their mode of action as antibacterial properties, and the elements that influence how well they function in a therapeutic setting all are thoroughly investigated. Conclusion: Further research on biogenic INPs was necessary to enhance their nanopharmacological importance for biological applications, as they have demonstrated promising biomedical capabilities were successfully synthesized in a friendly environment with few costs, and the highly INPs product showed exceptional activity against bacterial strains.

LIPID METABOLISM INDICATORS IN SOW BLOOD UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IRON AND GERMANIUM NANOCOMPOUNDS

The relevance of the conducted research is determined by the lack of information in the available literature regarding the influence of iron and germanium nanoparticles on lipid exchange indicators in the plasma of sows. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of administering iron and germanium nanoparticles on lipid exchange indicators in the blood of sows before and after farrowing. The experiment was conducted on 24 large white sows, aged 2-3 years, which were divided into two groups (control and experimental). For ten days before farrowing, the sows in the experimental group were administered a complex of micronutrient compounds of iron – 3 mg/day and germanium – 0.01 mg/day. Blood plasma of the animals was used as material for the study, in which specific lipid exchange indicators were determined. The effect of farrowing on the content of triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol in the blood plasma of animals was established (F= 33.0–156.0 &gt; FU=2.9; P &lt; 0.001). Before farrowing, there is a restructuring of lipid metabolism in sows, characterized by a decrease in the content of triacylglycerols and total cholesterol, and an increase in the content of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood plasma. It was found that within a day before farrowing, the content of triacylglycerols decreases by 30.6% (P≤0.001), total cholesterol by 18.3% (P≤0.01), and non-esterified fatty acids increase by 1.5 times (P≤0.001). Administering iron and germanium nanoparticles significantly affects the content of triacylglycerols (η²ᵪ=0.53; P≤0.05), total cholesterol (η²ᵪ=0.69; P≤0.01), and non-esterified fatty acids (η²ᵪ=0.50; P≤0.05) in the blood plasma of sows only on the day of farrowing. During this time, in the blood of sows administered metal nanoparticles, the content of triacylglycerols and total cholesterol is higher by 23.7% (P≤0.05) and 11.5% (P≤0.01), respectively, and the content of non-esterified fatty acids is lower by 9.2% (P≤0.05) compared to the indicators of animals in the control group. The prospects for further research lie in the development of modern methods to increase the productivity and resistance of sows using metal nanoparticles.