Process For Synthesis Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF GREEN SYNTHESIS USING CROTON SPARSIFLORUS MORONG LEAF WITH CYNODON DACTYLON LEAF

There is an increasing commercial demand for nanoparticles (NPs) due to their wide applicability in various areas. The development of reliable and eco-friendly processes for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step in the field of nanotechnology. Plant extracts are eco-friendly and thus can be an economic and efficient alternative for the large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles. This process of plant extracts based synthesis is called as Green Synthesis. We evaluated the silver nanoparticles produced by green synthesis of two different plants leafs. This paper presents Comparative Performance Analysis of Green Synthesis using Croton Sparsiflorus Morong leaf with Cynodon Dactylon leaf. Green synthesis of Exopolysaccharides coated silver nanoparticles uses Croton sparsiflorus morong leaf and silver nanoparticles uses Cynodon Dactylon leaf. Comparative performance analysis uses EDX analysis, UV- Vis Spectral Analysis, FTIR analysis and Antimicrobial Activity. Compare to green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cynodon Dactylon leaf, Green synthesis of Exopolysaccharides coated silver nanoparticles uses Croton sparsiflorus morong leaf is high efficient in terms of different performance analysis.

Nanostructured semiconducting properties of Sn-doped graphene synthesised by the hydrothermal method

This work developed a hydrothermal process for the effective synthesis of Sn-doped graphene nanoparticles. To prepare the samples at 180°C in carbon tetrachloride organic solvent and different levels of Sn concentrations (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) were used. A variety of analyses were carried out on the prepared materials, including XRD, SEM with EDX, TEM, AFM, UV, PL and I-V. The XRD analysis revealed good crystallinity and hexagonal structure in Sn-doped graphene nanoparticles. An SEM micrograph reveals that the morphology is flower, nano-chalk pieces and agglomerated at some places. The TEM images clearly specify the spherical and are agglomerated at some places. Topography images (AFM) show that hydrothermal treatment at different concentrations influences the growth of Sn-doped graphene NPs. The bandgap of Sn-doped graphene nanoparticles is estimated as 2.23, 3.7 and 4.7 eV. All the p-Si/n-graphene diodes exhibited excellent rectification with less reverse current. The impact of metal (Sn) doping concentration favourably decreases the n value of the p-Si/n-Sn-doped graphene diode. In the current work, it is shown that the p-Si/n graphene diode is highly sensitive to various concentrations of graphene.

Green synthesis of nano particles from biodegradable waste extracts and their applications

Nanoparticles have become a significant component of advancing industries from technology to medicine and the environment. However, the synthesis of nanoparticles can impact their ability to function effectively within real-world applications, and this can cause negative consequences. This novel approach that utilizes processes such as regulation, control, clean-up, and remediation aims to increase the eco-friendly level of these essential particles. By reducing harmful by-products produced through the process of conventional nanoparticle synthesis, there will be less toxic unsustainable products created. The use of natural resources such as organic systems will aid in achieving the goal of creating a greener and more sustainable economy; however, it will require industrial assistance with the adoption of these alternative approaches. Metallic nanoparticles can be synthesized in a more sustainable and ‘green’ process through utilizing plant alternatives or biological materials such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and plant extracts. This greener approach can be a single step or ‘one pot’ process which requires a lower energy level than conventional processes. Another benefit is that this reduction method is more cost-efficient. Green-synthesized nanoparticles have clinical applications. When silver nanoparticles were treated against S. aureus, their antibacterial activity was at its peak. Nanoparticles used as drug carriers are highly stable, can incorporate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances, and can be delivered via a variety of routes also including oral application and inhalation.

NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS BY THE PECVD METHOD BASED ON RF DISCHARGE

This scientific paper presents the results of the study of the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles in radio-frequency ( RF ) discharge plasma at low pressures in a vacuum apparatus. The growth of carbon nanoparticles was studied under different plasma parameters, such as variation of self-displacement voltage, temperature, and discharge power. The experiment was performed in the pressure range of 0.5-1.1 mbarr and powers of 6-20 W. The results showed that the synthesis time of carbon nanoparticles, including their formation and growth, depends on the plasma parameters. Small changes in temperature, pressure, and plasma power can significantly change the growth and formation of nanoparticles. An important conclusion of this work is that increasing the temperature of the plasma-forming gas leads to an increase in the formation time of carbon nanoparticles. The dependences of nanoparticle growth on the discharge power, selfdisplacement voltage on the discharge pressure, and temperature on the discharge power were also obtained. The results obtained provide valuable information for understanding and controlling the synthesis process of carbon nanoparticles in the plasma environment. This is important for various technological applications, including nanoelectronics and catalysis.

Synthesis of Bismuth Nanoparticles Using Microwave Irradiation Method

The synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles has been successfully carried out using Citrus limon extract. This study uses the green synthesis method using microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation can speed up reaction time and has the advantage of homogeneous heating which can directly affect the nucleation process of nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles was carried out by mixing nitrate pentahydrate powder (Bi (NO3)3). 5H2O with Citrus limon extract and added with NaOH then heated with 450W microwave irradiation power at a heating time of 5 minutes. The formation of bismuth nanoparticles was indicated by a change in the color of the solution from orange to black and the UV-Vis spectrum of the nanoparticles showed a wavelength of 275 nm with an absorbance of 2.008 a.u. TEM characterization shows that the bismuth nanoparticle has a spherical shape with an average size of 35.56 nm.

An Investigation on Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Introduction: Nano science and nano biotechnology provided enormous opportunities for exploring the bactericidal and fungicidal activities. Since ancient times, silver was known for its anti-bacterial effects and for centuries it has been used for prevention and control of disparate infections. On the effective use silver nanomaterials synthesized and characterized play a vital role of the modern science.
 Aims: Our goal is to prepare silver nanomaterials since studies have shown that silver nanoparticles have efficient activity against bacterial biofilms.
 Methodology: The silver nanoparticles were generally synthesized by non-aqueous sol-gel technique in the presence of different precursor by chelating agent.
 Results: Here found a cubic unit cell with miller indices (111) (200) (220) (311) (222) and crystallite size around 50.00nm by XRD. The morphology of the prepared nano particles has been revealed by SEM below 10.00 nm and TEM is below 5.00nm in size of graphical presentation such as size, shape, surface etc. of the nanoparticles. DLS is a unique technique to discern particle size around 65.00nm and size distributions in aqueous or physiological solutions of the nanoparticles.
 Conclusion: The studies on the combined synthesized and use of AgNPs with other antimicrobial agents generally help reduce the problem of toxicity and to avoid the potential for development of resistance and strongly enhance the microbicidal effect. This paper describes a short and very precise description about the chemical synthesis process of silver nanoparticles like no aqueous SGM. Also, this paper contains a brief description about different characterization technique of nanoparticles like X-ray Diffraction review the shape of crystal a cubic unit cell with miller indices (111) (200) (220) (311) (222) where crystallite size around 50.00nm, the morphology of the prepared nanoparticles has been revealed with size 10.00nm by SEM, Dynamic Light Scattering discern particle size around 65.00nm and Transmission Electron Microscope review the spherical shape of the nanomaterials. Further investigation will be continuing the antimicrobial activity test of AgNPs with ceramic coating.

Pluronic-F-127-Passivated SnO2 Nanoparticles Derived by Using Polygonum cuspidatum Root Extract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Properties.

Nanotechnology has emerged as the most popular research topic with revolutionary applications across all scientific disciplines. Tin oxide (SnO2) has been gaining considerable attention lately owing to its intriguing features, which can be enhanced by its synthesis in the nanoscale range. The establishment of a cost-efficient and ecologically friendly procedure for its production is the result of growing concerns about human well-being. The novelty and significance of this study lie in the fact that the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles have been tailored to have specific properties, such as size and morphology. These properties are crucial for their applications. Moreover, this study provides insights into the synthesis process of SnO2 nanoparticles, which can be useful for developing efficient and cost-effective methods for large-scale production. In the current study, green Pluronic-coated SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing the root extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum have been formulated and characterized by several methods such as UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. The crystallite size of SnO2 NPs was estimated to be 45 nm, and a tetragonal rutile-type crystalline structure was observed. FESEM analysis validated the NPs' spherical structure. The cytotoxic potential of the NPs against HepG2 cells was assessed using the in vitro MTT assay. The apoptotic efficiency of the NPs was evaluated using a dual-staining approach. The NPs revealed substantial cytotoxic effects against HepG2 cells but failed to exhibit cytotoxicity in different liver cell lines. Furthermore, dual staining and flow cytometry studies revealed higher apoptosis in NP-treated HepG2 cells. Nanoparticle treatment also inhibited the cell cycle at G0/G1 stage. It increased oxidative stress and promoted apoptosis by encouraging pro-apoptotic protein expression in HepG2 cells. NP treatment effectively blocked the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in HepG2 cells. Thus, green Pluronic-F-127-coated SnO2 NPs exhibits enormous efficiency to be utilized as an talented anticancer agent.

Role of Honey as a Bifunctional Reducing and Capping/Stabilizing Agent: Application for Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

The use of natural reducing and capping agents has gained importance as a way to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs) in an environmentally sustainable manner. Increasing numbers of studies have been published on the green synthesis of NPs using natural sources such as bacteria, fungi, and plants. In recent years, the use of honey in the synthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs has become a new and promising area of research. Honey acts as both a stabilizing and reducing agent in the NP synthesis process and serves as a precursor. This review focuses on the use of honey in the synthesis of silver NPs (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs), emphasizing its role as a reducing and capping agent. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of the bio-based reducing and capping/stabilizing agents used in the honey-mediated biosynthesis mechanism is provided. Finally, the review looks forward to environmentally friendly methods for NP synthesis.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by green method using ligustrum sinense to study their structural and photoluminescence properties

Photoelectronic devices such as solar cells require an electrolyte with electrode that has high energy conversion efficiency. Hence, ionic electrolyte and blend polymer composite electrolyte helps in ion regeneration and improving the performance of the device. Introduction of metal nanoparticles in the polymers such as the PMMA, PVDF provides this enhancement of performance. Nanoparticles are manufactured in an eco-friendly manner and characterized by UV and XRD. In this work we present the possibility that could be explored with the incorporation of nanoparticles and also see the synthesis process of green nanoparticles. The excitons dissociation in these devices could increase with the introduction of nanoparticles. They exhibit a near field surface plasmon resonance effect which couples with the existing photoactive layer, increasing the absorption cross section. We propose that these non-toxic and bio-friendly nanoparticles are very beneficial in our quest of green energy.

Comparative X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Study on the Synthesis of Natural Based Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles

The aim of this study was to compare the synthesis process of magnetic silica nanoparticles (Fe-SNP) through the analysis of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results. Fe3O4 magnetic nanopowders was synthesized by ultrasonic assisted co-precipitation and Fe-SNP was synthesized by direct mixing method of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) and the sol-gel method. Silica sludge was used as a silica source from Indonesia geothermal power plant waste. The synthesized of Fe-SNP is the functionalization of Fe3O4 with silica. Variations concentration of Na2SiO3 is used for the direct mixing method and variations of Fe3O4 form is used for the sol-gel method. Particles formed and particle size were characterized by XRD. The XRD results showed that there is no SiO2 phase in the sample synthesized by direct mixing method while two phases of SiO2 and Fe3O4 were found in the sample synthesized by sol-gel method. The size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles calculated with Scherer’s formula and it obtained 19.9 nm, while the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the addition of 20 mL and 6 mL Na2SiO3 concentrations were 6,53 nm and 10,23 nm. For the sol-gel method the size of Fe3O4 nanoparticles obtained was 11,03 using Fe3O4 powders and 9,86 using Fe3O4 solutions.

Spatially resolved measurement of the distribution of solid and liquid Si nanoparticles in plasma synthesis through line-of-sight extinction spectroscopy.

In many high-temperature gas-phase nanoparticle synthesis processes, freshly nucleated particles are liquid and solidify during growth and cooling. This study presents an approach to determine the location of the liquid-to-solid phase transition and the volume fraction and number density of particles of both phases within a gas phase reactor. Spectrally-resolved line-of-sight attenuation (LOSA) measurements are applied to a silicon nanoparticle aerosol generated from monosilane in a microwave plasma reactor. A phantom-based analysis using particle number density, particle size, and temperature distribution from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the reacting flow indicates that the contributions from the two particle phases can be decoupled under practical conditions, even with noisy data. The approach was applied to analyze spatially and spectrally resolved LOSA measurements from the hot gas flow downstream of the plasma zone where both solid and liquid silicon particles coexist. Extinction spectra were recorded along a line perpendicular to the flow direction by a spectrometer with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera, and two-dimensional projections were deconvolved to obtain radial extinction coefficient distributions of solid and liquid particles across the cross-section of the flow. Particle number densities of both particle phases were retrieved simultaneously based on the size-dependent extinction cross-sections of the nanoparticles. The particle-size distribution was determined via thermophoretic sampling at the same location with subsequent transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The particle temperature distribution was determined from the particle's thermal radiation based on line-of-sight emission (LOSE) measurements. The approach for phase-selective data analysis can be transferred to other materials aerosol systems as long as significant differences exist in extinction spectra for the related different particle classes.

Active microfluidic reactor-assisted controlled synthesis of nanoparticles and related potential biomedical applications.

Fabricating high-performance nanoparticles (NPs) is currently a focus of researchers due to their manipulative size-dependent unique properties required to develop next-generation advanced systems. To harness the unique properties of NPs, maintaining identical characteristics throughout the processing and application process system is crucial to producing uniform-sized, or monodisperse, NPs. In this direction, mono-dispersity can be achieved by exerting extreme control over the reaction conditions during the NP synthesis process. Microfluidic technology offers a unique approach to control fluid conditions at the microscale and is thus well-positioned as an alternative strategy to synthesize NPs in reactors demonstrating micrometric dimensions and advanced size-controlled nanomaterial production. These microfluidic reactors can be broadly classified as active or passive based on their dependence on external energy sources. Passive microfluidic reactors, despite their lack of reliance on external energy, are frequently constrained in terms of their mixing efficacy when compared to active systems. However, despite several fundamental and technological advantages, this area of research as well as its application to the biological sciences is not well-discussed. To fill this gap, this review for the first time discusses various strategies for synthesizing NPs using active microfluidic reactors including acoustic, pressure, temperature, and magnetic assisted microfluidic reactors. Various established ways for achieving size control on NP synthesis in microfluidic reactors representing the applicability of micro-reaction technology in developing novel nanomaterials suitable for potential biomedical applications are presented in this review along with a comprehensive discussion about the challenges and prospects.

The application of machine learning in nanoparticle treated water: A review

Pollution from industrial effluents and domestic waste are two of the most common sources of environmental pollutants. Due to the rising population and manufacturing industries, large amounts of pollutants were produced daily. Therefore, enhancements in wastewater treatment to render treated wastewater and provide effective solutions are essential to return clean and safe water to be reused in the industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors. Nanotechnology has been proven as an alternative approach to overcoming the existing water pollution issue. Nanoparticles exhibit high aspect ratios, large pore volumes, electrostatic properties, and high specific surfaces, which explains their efficiency in removing pollutants such as dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, oxygen-demanding wastes, and synthetic organic chemicals. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool to conduct the model and prediction of the adverse biological and environmental effects of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment. In this review, the application of ML in nanoparticle-treated water on different pollutants has been studied and it was discovered that the removal of the pollutants could be predicted through the mathematical approach which included ML. Further comparison of ML method can be carried out to assess the prediction performance of ML methods on pollutants removal. Moreover, future studies regarding the nanotoxicity, synthesis process, and reusability of nanoparticles are also necessary to take into consideration to safeguard the environment.

Molten salt electrosynthesis of silicon carbide nanoparticles and their photoluminescence property

A one-step molten salt electrochemical strategy was proposed to synthesize SiC nanoparticles from ultra-fine silicon dioxide/carbon (SiO2/C) mixtures. The electrosynthesis process and physicochemical properties of the synthesized products were systematically analyzed via X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy, etc. A combined chemical/electrochemical reaction, electrochemical deoxidation, and in-situ carbonization reaction mechanism was proposed to reveal the electrochemical synthesis process of SiC nanoparticles from SiO2/C in molten CaCl2. The as-prepared SiC with particle size ranging from 8 to 14 nm possesses a polycrystalline structure. In addition, the SiC nanoparticles demonstrate obvious photoluminescence property due to the synergetic size effect and microstructural characteristics.

Influence of Reagents on the Synthesis Process and Shape of Silver Nanoparticles.

The aim of this study was to prepare the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via chemical reduction and analyze the impact of used reduction agents: sodium borohydride (NaBH4), trisodium citrate (TSC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the reduction rate of Ag+ ions to Ag0, and on nanoparticles shape. It was proven that combinations of reduction agents dramatically influence the synthesis rate of AgNPs and the color of solutions, which depends on the shape and size of nanoparticles. NaBH4, TSC, and PVP showed good reduction power. In particular, TSC proved to be a key factor influencing the shape of AgNPs. The shape of nanoparticles influences the color of colloidal solutions. Yellow solutions, where UV-vis absorbance maxima (ABSmax) are in the wavelength interval 380–420 nm, contain spherical particles with a mean size of 25 nm, whereas the blue shift of ABSmax to wavelengths higher than 750 nm indicate the presence of triangular nanoparticles (size interval 18–150 nm). A mixture of spherical, triangular, irregular, and hexagonal nanoparticles give different color, e.g., green. The formation and stability of AgNPs was tracked by UV-vis spectroscopy, size and shape by TEM techniques, and particle size distribution was studied by particle size analyzer.

Understanding the origin of ethanol oxidation from ultrafine nickel manganese oxide nanosheets derived from spent alkaline batteries

With rapid industrialization, there is a tremendous increase in the utilization of electronics. Among various electronics, Zn–MnO2 primary batteries are used in small gadgets in very huge quantity. The disposal of spent electronic batteries via the landfill creates hazardous waste which led to environmental pollution. As spent batteries contain the valuable element, the resource recovery from the spent battery is one of the fascinating areas to meet material for sustainable energy demand. In this work, we have developed a new process for synthesis of Ni6MnO8 nano-particles via a facile chemical route using manganese chloride derived from the cathode part of the spent battery. The as prepared Ni6MnO8 has been used for electrochemical ethanol oxidation. The Ni6MnO8 shows robust electroactivity for ethanol oxidation with high current density (13.69 mAcm−2) at low oxidation peak potential (1.53 V), smaller Tafel slope value (61 mV/dec), and high current density ratio (Jf/Jb) 1.01. The observed surface area of the Ni6MnO8 sheet (136 m2/g) is ∼1.4 times higher than the maximum reported surface area till now (91.32 m2/g). The current studies indicate that non-noble metal-based mixed metal oxides derived from waste can be used as a promising anodic material for direct alkaline fuel cells.

A comprehensive review and outlook on the experimental techniques to investigate the complex dynamics of pulsed laser ablation in liquid for nanoparticle synthesis.

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) has been established as one of the most efficient and impactful methods for producing pure and ligand-free nanoparticles (NPs). PLAL has successfully been utilized for the synthesis of metal NPs, semiconductor NPs, ceramic NPs, and even nanocomposites. A variety of NPs, including core-shell, nanocubes, nanorods, and many other complex structures, can be synthesized using PLAL. The versatility associated with PLAL has led to the synthesis of NPs that have found applications in the field of biomedicine, sensing technology, energy harvesting, and various industries. Despite all the aforementioned advantages, there has been an ambiguity in terms of conditions/parameters for the nanoparticle synthesis as reported by various research groups. This has led to a perception that PLAL provides little or no control over the properties of the synthesized NPs. The properties of the NPs are reliant on transient dynamics caused due to a high-intensity laser's interaction with the target material. To understand the process of nanoparticle synthesis and to control the properties of NPs, it is critical to understand the various processes that occur during PLAL. The investigation of PLAL is essential for understanding the dynamical processes involved. However, the investigation techniques employed to probe PLAL present their own set of difficulties, as high temporal as well as spatial resolution is a prerequisite to probe PLAL. Hence, the purpose of this Review is to understand the dynamical processes of PLAL and gain an insight into the various investigation techniques and their data interpretation. In addition to the current challenges, some ways of overcoming these challenges are also presented. The benefits of concurrent investigations with special emphasis on the simultaneous investigation by multiple techniques are summarized, and furthermore, a few examples are also provided to help the readers understand how the simultaneous investigation works.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from vegetable waste of pea Pisum sativum and bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria: Characterization and antibacterial properties

A huge amount of food waste is being generated every day globally. Usually, India generates ∼350 million tons of food waste every year. Therefore, there is an urgent need to initiate research focusing on the management and hygienic methods of reuse of food waste together with advanced user-friendly methods of converting it into some useful products thereby generating wealth from food waste. A promising approach seems to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from such unutilized food. An alternative clean technology does not rely on the use of toxic chemicals and solvents. It is commonly allied with traditional nanoparticle synthesis processes. In the present work, the peels of two vegetables, pea (Pisum sativum) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), were used to generate AgNPs. AgNPs were obtained by dissolving 1.5 ml of the peel extract of each vegetable in 50 ml of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and incubating for 24 h at room temperature. For the confirmation of AgNP production UV–visible spectroscopy was used. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR Analysis) were used to characterize them. Furthermore, AgNPs in different concentrations were used to test antibacterial activity against bacteria Escherichia coli through the disc diffusion method. Thus, our research indicates that AgNPs can be a safe and environmentally beneficial production technology from unutilized vegetable wastes that may play an important role in the management of food waste in the future and has antibacterial potential to preserve vegetables from bacterial contamination.

Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) natural extract: assessment of the synthesis process.

Background:Nanoparticles are globally synthesized for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, catalytic, magnetic, optical, and electronic properties that have put them at the forefront of a wide variety of studies. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) has receivedmuchconsideration due to its technological and medicinal applications.In this study, we report on the synthesis process ofZnOnanoparticles using AthrixiaphylicoidesDC natural extract asareducing agent. Methods:Liquidchromatography-massspectrometry(LC-MS) was used to identify the compounds responsible for the synthesis ofZnOnanoparticles. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized through X-raydiffraction (XRD),Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis),Fouriertransforminfrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanningelectronmicroscopy (SEM) andenergy-dispersiveX-rayspectroscopy (EDS). Results:LC-MS results showedthat different flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as Coumarin, an aromatic compound, reacted with the precursor to formZnOnanoparticles. XRD and UV-Visanalysis confirmed the synthesis ofZnOnanoparticles, with a spherical shape showed in SEM images. The quasi-sphericalZnOcrystals had an average crystallite size of 24 nm. EDS and FTIR analysis confirmed that the powders were pure with no other phase or impurity. Conclusions:This study successfully demonstrated that the natural plant extract of A.phylicoidesDC. can be used in the bio-reduction of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to prepare pureZnOnanoparticles, thus, extending the use of this plant to an industrial level.

Utilization of Olive Pomace in Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles: Physico-Chemical Characterization, Bioaccessibility and Biocompatibility.

Olive pomace extract (OPE) was investigated as a potential surface modifier for the development of the green synthesis process of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). In order to evaluate them as potential nutraceuticals, the obtained nanosystems were characterized in terms of size distribution, shape, zeta potential, stability in different media, gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and biocompatibility. Systems with a unimodal size distribution of spherical particles were obtained, with average diameters ranging from 53.3 nm to 181.7 nm, depending on the type of coating agent used and the presence of OPE in the reaction mixture. The nanosystems were significantly affected by the gastrointestinal conditions. Bioaccessibility ranged from 33.57% to 56.93% and it was significantly increased by functionalization of with OPE. Biocompatibility was investigated in the HepG2 and Caco2 cell models, proving that they had significantly lower toxicity in comparison to sodium selenite. Significant differences were observed in cellular responses depending on the type of cells used, indicating differences in the mechanisms of toxicity induced by SeNPs. The obtained results provide new insight into the possibilities for the utilization of valuable food-waste extracts in the sustainable development of nanonutraceuticals.