Hydrogel Nanoparticles Research Articles

Sustainable antimicrobial modified chitosan and its nanoparticles hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization

The target of the present study is the development of sustainable chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles-based heterocyclic compound hydrogels with antimicrobial properties. Sustainable antimicrobial new modified chitosan hydrogel (CS-3) was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan (CS) with 2-([4-[(1, 3-dioxoisoindolin-2-ylimino) methyl] phenyl] methyleneamino) isoindoline-1, 3-dione (3) via ring opening of cyclic imide moiety in compound (3). However, the modified chitosan nanoparticles hydrogel (CS-3 NPs) were prepared in-situ by an ionotropic gelation technique using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as the cross-linking agent. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA, DSC and elemental analysis. The hydrogels were tested versus eight pathogenic strains of Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacteria and two fungi. The results revealed that hydrogels (CS-3) and (CS-3 NPs) showed higher antimicrobial activities than virgin (CS) and (CS-NPs). However, hydrogel (CS-3 NPs) showed the highest Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) especially with Gram +ve bacteria (S. pyogenes) at 19.5 and 39 μg/ml compared to the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin at 19 and 38 μg/ml respectively.

Synthesis and characterization of pH sensitive hydrogel nanoparticles based on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid).

In this work, pH-sensitive hydrogel nanoparticles based on N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) and methacrylic acid (MAA) at various molar ratios, were synthesized and characterized in terms of physicochemical and biological properties. FTIR and 1HNMR spectra confirmed the successful synthesis of the copolymer that formed nanoparticles. AFM images and FE-SEM micrographs showed that nanoparticles were spherical, but their round-shape was slightly compromised with MAA content; besides, the size of particles tends to decrease as MAA content increased. The hydrogels nanoparticles also exhibited an interesting pH-sensitivity, displaying changes in its particle size when changes in pH media occurred. Biological characterization results indicate that all the synthesized particles are non-cytotoxic to endothelial cells and hemocompatible, although an increase of MAA content leads to a slight increase in the hemolysis percentage. Therefore, the pH-sensitivity hydrogels may serve as a versatile platform as self-regulated drug delivery systems in response to environmental pH changes.

Hydrogel Nanoparticle as a Functional Coating Layer in Biosensing, Tissue Engineering, and Drug Delivery

The development of functional coating materials has resulted in many breakthroughs in the discovery of energy, environmental, and biomedical applications. Responsive polymeric hydrogels are an example of smart coating materials due to their stimuli-responsive characteristics upon changes in their local environment. This review focuses on the introduction of hydrogel nanoparticles and their applications in functional layers as responsive coating materials. Hydrogels are explained by the composition of cross-links and monomers used for preparation. In particular, an important class of responsive hydrogels, that is, nanosized hydrogel particles (nanogels), are described for thee synthesis, modification, and application in assembly of functional coating layers. Finally, nanogel functional layers for biological applications will be discussed with recent advances in biosensing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.

Hydrophilic Submicron Nanogel Particles for Specific Recombinant Proteins Extraction and Purification.

In biomedical diagnosis and bionanotechnologies, the extraction and purification of proteins and protein derivatives are of great interest. In fact, to purify recombinant proteins for instance, new methodologies and well appropriate material supports need to be established and also to be evaluated. In this work, hydrophilic nanohydrogel particles were prepared for recombinant proteins extraction for purification purpose. The prepared nanohydrogel polymer-based particles are hydrophilic below the volume phase transition temperature (TVPT) and dehydrated above the TVPT, due to the thermally sensitive poly(N-alkyl acrylamide) and poly(N-alkyl methacrylamide) derivatives. Then, the use of heavy metal ions in the presence of such functional particles should specifically capture recombinant proteins (i.e., proteins bearing a poly(histidine) part). In order to understand and to optimize the specific capture and the purification of recombinant proteins, various parameters have been investigated as a systematic study. Firstly, the adsorption was investigated as a function of pH and protein concentration. According to high hydration of the prepared nanohydrogel, no marked adsorption was observed. Secondly, the effect of pH was investigated and found to be the driven parameter affecting the metal ions immobilization and the recombinant proteins complexation. As a result, high protein complexation was observed at basic pH compared to non-complexation at acidic pH medium. The immobilized proteins via complexation were released by changing the pH. This decomplexation seems to be effective but depends on fixation conditions and particle surface structure.

Development of zinc-loaded nanoparticle hydrogel made from sugarcane bagasse for special medical application

This research is focused on the development of ZnO-NPs hydrogels through in situ method. The powerful absorption peak within the order of 320 nm confirms the presence of the zinc oxide nanoparticles arrangement because of the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR). ZnO-NPs characterization was performed by SEM, TEM, PSA, EDX, and FTIR. Additionally, the behaviour of prepared nanocomposite hydrogels swelling was examined at different pH and salt solutions. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs hydrogels against Escherichia coli (ATCC 433) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 1688) was measured by the use of agar disk plate diffusion process. ZnO-NPs hydrogels extracted from lab-made CMC showed a greater antibacterial action through Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) relative to synthetic CMC acquired from the market. The hydrogels developed by ZnO-NPs can be utilized in biomedical applications efficiently.

Crosslinked nanogel-based porous hydrogel as a functional scaffold for tongue muscle regeneration

Surgical resection in tongue cancer can impair speech and swallowing, reducing quality of life. There is a need for biomaterials that can regenerate tongue muscle tissue defects. Ideally, such a biomaterial would allow controlled release of therapeutic proteins, support the survival and differentiation of therapeutic cells, and promote tongue muscle regeneration in vivo. The aim of the current study was to assess these factors in an acryloyl group-modified crosslinked nanogel, consisting of cholesterol-bearing pullulan hydrogel nanoparticles, to determine its potential as a regenerative therapeutic following tongue resection. The hydrogel demonstrated substantial porosity and underwent slow biodegradation. When loaded with a model protein, the gel enabled sustained protein release over two weeks in serum, with no initial burst release. Mouse myoblasts demonstrated adhesion to the hydrogel and cell survival was observed up to one week. Gel-encapsulated myoblasts demonstrated normal myotube differentiation. Myoblast-loaded gels were implanted in a tongue defect in mice, and there was a significant increase in newly-regenerated myofibers in gel-implanted animals. The developed biomaterial platform demonstrates significant potential as a regenerative treatment following tongue resection, as it facilitates both protein and cell-mediated therapy, and stimulates tongue muscle regeneration in vivo.

New Candidate Delivery System for Alzheimer’s Disease: Deferoxamine Nanogels

This study presents hydrogel nanoparticles made of chitosan and tripolyphosphate via ionotropic gelation technique to evaluate their potential for the association of deferoxamine. Since it has been shown that iron chelation therapy can be useful in the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, in this study, we attempted to evaluate the in vitro characteristics of deferoxamine-loaded nanogels for this purpose. Chitosan-based nanogels were prepared and optimized in terms of size by a Taguchi Orthogonal Array design. The spherical structure nanoparticles showed a uniform particle size of 63±2 nm with loading amount, Loading efficiency, and loading ratio of 8.48%±0.021, 26.1%±0.63, and 2.66%±1.88 respectively in optimum conditions. Further study revealed that this nanoparticulate system can be a suitable carrier for the entrapment and control release of small molecules such as deferoxamine.

Development of Copper Loaded Nanoparticles Hydrogel Made from Waste Biomass (Sugarcane Bagasse) for Special Medical Application

This research is based on the creation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) hydrogel through in situ method. The effective UV-Vis spectroscopy absorption peak of 610 nm indicates the existence of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) group because of surface Plasmon resonance (SPR). Characterization of CuO-NPs was carried out by SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD. However, the action of prepared nanocomposite hydrogels swelling was examined at different pH and saline solutions. In addition, CuO-NPs were also tested using the disk plate diffusion method by means of adverse effect of bacteria Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) as well as Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The CuO-NPs hydrogels isolated from lab-made CMC (made from sugarcane bagasse) indicates that the Bacillus subtilis as well as Escherichia coli have greater antibacterial activity compared with synthetic CMC purchase from the market. CuO-NPs can be used effectively in biomedical applications with the production of hydrogels.

Stimulus Responsive Ocular Gentamycin-Ferrying Chitosan Nanoparticles Hydrogel: Formulation Optimization, Ocular Safety and Antibacterial Assessment.

PurposeThe present study was designed to study the gentamycin (GTM)-loaded stimulus-responsive chitosan nanoparticles to treat bacterial conjunctivitis.MethodsGTM-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GTM-CHNPs) were prepared by ionotropic gelation method and further optimized by 3-factor and 3-level Box–Behnken design. Chitosan (A), sodium tripolyphosphate (B), and stirring speed (C) were selected as independent variables. Their effects were observed on particle size (PS as Y1), entrapment efficiency (EE as Y2), and loading capacity (LC as Y3).ResultsThe optimized formulation showed the particle size, entrapment efficiency, and loading capacity of 135.2±3.24 nm, 60.18±1.65%, and 34.19±1.17%, respectively. The optimized gentamycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticle (GTM-CHNPopt) was further converted to the stimulus-responsive sol-gel system (using pH-sensitive carbopol 974P). GTM-CHNPopt sol-gel (NSG5) exhibited good gelling strength and sustained release (58.99±1.28% in 12h). The corneal hydration and histopathology of excised goat cornea revealed safe to the cornea. It also exhibited significant (p<0.05) higher ZOI than the marketed eye drop.ConclusionThe finding suggests that GTM-CHNP-based sol-gel is suitable for ocular delivery to enhance the corneal contact time and improved patient compliance.

Nanoparticle–hydrogel superstructures for biomedical applications

The incorporation of nanoparticles into hydrogels yields novel superstructures that have become increasingly popular in biomedical research. Each component of these nanoparticle–hydrogel superstructures can be easily modified, resulting in platforms that are highly tunable and inherently multifunctional. The advantages of the nanoparticle and hydrogel constituents can be synergistically combined, enabling these superstructures to excel in scenarios where employing each component separately may have suboptimal outcomes. In this review, the synthesis and fabrication of different nanoparticle–hydrogel superstructures are discussed, followed by an overview of their use in a range of applications, including drug delivery, detoxification, immune modulation, and tissue engineering. Overall, these platforms hold significant clinical potential, and it is envisioned that future development along these lines will lead to unique solutions for addressing areas of pressing medical need.

Doxorubicin-loaded oxidized starch/poly (vinyl alcohol)/CuO bio-nanocomposite hydrogels as an anticancer drug carrier agent

In this paper, the bio-nanocomposites were used as a potential candidate for controlled release of anticancer drug doxorubicin. Formation of CuO nanoparticles in hydrogels was confirmed using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA and DSC. In addition, gel content, swelling/de-swelling, antibacterial properties, and drug release profiles were evaluated. The swelling and drug release profiles revealed that the amount of drug released and swelling of the hydrogels depended on the oxidized starch content, pH, and CuO nanoparticle content. Prolonged and more controlled drug releases were observed for CuO nanoparticle containing oxidized starch/PVA hydrogels, which increased with the rise in CuO nanoparticle content.

Бiохiмiчнi та медичнi дослiдження бактерицидної активностi гiдрогелiв з наночастинками срiбла

Wound treatment involves creating conditions for tissue regeneration andprevention of bacterial contamination. As antibacterial agents use antibiotics, bacteriostaticorganic substances, metal ions and their oxides. We used polyacrylamide(P) and copolymerdextran-polyacrylamide (DP) hydrogels with dierent contain of cross-linking agent N,N'-methylen-bis-acrylamide 0.2% , 0.4% , 0.6% . AgNPs synthesis in polymers matrices activatedby UV-lamp at 365 nm. The size of AgNP was evaluated by means of plasmon resonancelight absorption in the range at 300-800 nm.Analysis of the light absorption of AgNPs in polyacrylamide and dextane-polyacrylamidehydrogels with the crosslinking agent 0 .2% , 0 .4% , 0 .6% indicated that the conditions of silvernanoparticles formation are almost the same and their diameter is in the range of 20-40 nm.We investigated the antibacterial activity using a disc-diusion method in Muller-Hintonagar on wild strains Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The infection of the openwounds in rats was provoked by mixture of E. coli and S . aureus. The treatment was carriedout by classical method using covering with a sterile bandage, pure hydrogel and hydrogelwith silver nanoparticles. We found a high sensitivity of wild strains of S . aureus and E. colito the action of hydrogel containing 20% chlorhexidine solution. The diameter of the growthretardation was around 15 mm. Among materials, we used the 0.4P and 0.4DP hydrogelswith AgNPs demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity. Their ecacy were higher on45% for S . aureus and 20% for E. coli compared to the classic antiseptic chlorhexidine.The test of 0.4P and 0.4DP hydrogels in vivo that was conducted on open wounds uponexperimental bacterial contamination showed an acceleration of healing process in relationto the classical method with using sterile gauze bandages. The use of these hydrogels for thetreatment of open wounds infected by S . aureus and E. coli are helps to accelerate the healingprocess and maintains antiseptic conditions for some time.The most appropriate for the treatment of open wounds are the polyacrylamide andthe copolymer dextran- polyacrylamide with 0.4% (m/m) of cross-link agent contained silvernanoparticles with an average diameter 20-40 nm. Due to their high eciency against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, these hydrogels are optimal for open woundstreatment .

Biomarkers for predicting cancer in women with a suspicious mammogram.

e15533 Background: Biomarker identification for early breast cancer diagnosis is confounded by comparing healthy control patients to patients undergoing surgical procedures and stress of a potential cancer diagnosis. We implemented a clinical research protocol that combines biomarker harvesting and identification with Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) results, within a cohort of women with a suspicious mammogram who donated samples prior to biopsy. The primary goals were to discover candidate novel plasma markers for stage I breast cancer versus benign lesions, and validate the markers by mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. Methods: 150 women found on screening mammography to have a BIRADS IV or V mammographic abnormality were enrolled in the IRB approved study, with one year follow-up. After informed consent, serum, plasma, and saliva specimens were obtained and frozen. The patient underwent image guided biopsy of the mammographic abnormality. Hydrogel nanoparticles were used to harvest and concentrate low abundance protein biomarkers from plasma. Proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The BIRADS score and biopsy outcome were blinded to the laboratory researchers. Results: 37/150 women (median age 64, 73% ER+, 70% PR+) were diagnosed with biopsy-proven breast cancer. 15/37 had a family history of breast cancer. Within the context of stress of an abnormal mammogram and invasive biopsy, we identified 5478 plasma peptides. A model to predict endpoints that discriminate cancer vs no cancer was developed using cross-validation and lasso shrinkage method. The best fit multi-analyte ROC/AUC model of peptide spectral matches revealed 10 candidate peptides, including PLAA, TRAPPC9, PROS1, DDX41, ANKRD63, EGFLAM (AUC = 0.81), that discriminated cancer versus no cancer. The functional mechanisms of these proteins are calcium metabolism, GPI anchor biosynthesis, neural-immune crosstalk, DNA repair, and ubiquitin-mediated protein trafficking. Conclusions: Molecular profiling of blood can potentially complement imaging to improve diagnostic specificity in the setting of a suspicious mammogram. This unique trial design, enhanced by nanotechnology protein harvesting, identified potential novel cancer biomarkers in the presence of a suspicious mammogram. A confirmation trial is underway.

A Wireless Implantable Strain Sensing Scheme Using Ultrasound Imaging of Highly Stretchable Zinc Oxide/Poly Dimethylacrylamide Nanocomposite Hydrogel.

We are introducing a wireless and passive strain sensing scheme that utilizes ultrasound imaging of a highly stretchable hydrogel embedded with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, named "ZnO-gel". The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into a polymer network of the hydrogel improves both its elasticity and strength. It also serves as an ideal biocompatible ultrasound contrast agent that allows remote interrogation of the changes in volume or dimensions of the hydrogel in response to mechanical strains through simple ultrasound imaging. A systematic study of various ratios of ZnO nanoparticle fillers (ranging from 0 to 40% w/w), cross-linked within the poly (DMA-co-MAA) hydrogel, was performed to identify the appropriate ZnO-to-gel ratio that provided the optimal mechanical and ultrasound imaging properties. The results of these investigations showed that 10% w/w of ZnO nanoparticles provided the highest stretchability of 260% with the effective amount of contrast agents to achieve clear visibility of the hydrogel dimension during ultrasound imaging. In general, the applied strain deforms the ZnO-gel specimens by reducing the cross-sectional area at a linear rate of 0.24% area change per % of applied strain for strain levels of up to 250%. Biocompatibility tests with stromal cells (fibroblasts) did not show any acute toxicity of the hydrogel and the ZnO nanoparticles used in this technology. It is anticipated that this technology can be applied to a broad range of wireless and passive monitoring of physiological functions for which microenvironmental strain matters throughout the body, simply by tuning both the mechanical properties of the hydrogel and ZnO nanoparticle concentration.

Fabrication and properties of calcium pectinate hydrogel nanoparticles with trans-cinnamic acid

Hydrogel negatively charged (–13.5 ± 5.0 mV) calcium pectinate nano- and submicroparticles (50–150 nm) were obtained. A technique for entrapment of a plant growth regulator (trans-cinnamic acid) in the particles up to 40 wt. % has been developed. It has been established that the complete release of trans-cinnamic acid in the Murashige–Skoog medium takes 2.5 hours. The obtained particles of calcium pectinate do not affect the growth processes of cells in suspension culture and can be used as neutral carriers for growth regulators.

Distance-based detection of calcium ions with hydrogels entrapping exhaustive ion-selective nanoparticles

Chemical sensors based on distance changes are attractive for point-of-care analysis especially in resource-limited regions. We report here a distance-based detection approach for calcium ions by entrapping ionophore-based calcium-selective organosilica nanoparticles in agar hydrogels. The nanoparticles, containing a chromoionophore, an ion-exchanger, and a calcium ionophore, respond to calcium ions in the exhaustive mode, resulting in sensitive and tunable detection of Ca2+ in range of both 1 to 5 mM and 0.1 to 0.5 mM. While a distance change from 0.26 to 0.53 mm was readily observed only 2 min after adding 0.1 to 0.5 mM of CaCl2, linear calibration was observed after a waiting time of 1 h, confirming the exhaustive mode in the hydrogel. The exhaustive mode made the approach pH independent (from pH 5.5 to 8.6). The methodology was validated by measuring the calcium levels in chicken blood and serum. Hydrogels with multiple sensing layers were also fabricated for semi-quantitative analysis of calcium with a long shelf life of at least 49 days.

Hydroxyethyl Chitosan-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration.

Fabrication of reinforced scaffolds for bone regeneration remains a significant challenge. The weak mechanical properties of the chitosan (CS)-based composite scaffold hindered its further application in clinic. Here, to obtain hydroxyethyl CS (HECS), some hydrogen bonds of CS were replaced by hydroxyethyl groups. Then, HECS-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanoparticle hydrogel was fabricated via cycled freeze-thawing followed by an in vitro biomineralization treatment using a cell culture medium. The synthesized hydrogel had an interconnected porous structure with a uniform pore distribution. Compared to the CS/PVA/BCP hydrogel, the HECS/PVA/BCP hydrogels showed a thicker pore wall and had a compressive strength of up to 5–7 MPa. The biomineralized hydrogel possessed a better compressive strength and cytocompatibility compared to the untreated hydrogel, confirmed by CCK-8 analysis and fluorescence images. The modification of CS with hydroxyethyl groups and in vitro biomineralization were sufficient to improve the mechanical properties of the scaffold, and the HECS-reinforced PVA/BCP hydrogel was promising for bone tissue engineering applications.

A strategy for the efficient removal of chlorophenols in petrochemical wastewater by organophilic and aminated silica@alginate microbeads: Taguchi optimization and isotherm modeling based on partition coefficient

Through in situ encapsulation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and urea-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles in alginate hydrogel, two types of new functionalized microbeads, CTAB-SiO2@alginate (organophilic) and urea-SiO2@alginate (aminated), were produced. Their adsorption behavior toward multiple chlorophenols (CPs: e.g., 4-chlorophenol (MCP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP)) in petrochemical wastewater was assessed with the aid of Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array at three levels. In terms of the partition coefficient (PC: μmol/g·μM (or L/g)), the use of three-parameter models (hybrid Langmuir–Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson) yielded the best fit (R2 ≈ 1). Furthermore, the performance evaluation in terms of PC metric indicated that CTAB-SiO2@alginate (7.85 L/g) was better to treat total CPs than urea-modified SiO2@alginate microbeads (3.83 L/g). The enhanced performance of the former reflects the significant contribution of CTAB functionality (sp2 carbon tail and quaternary amine (N+) cationic head sites) for accelerating uptake of molecular (or suspended) and ionizable CPs molecules (e.g., with the aid of salting-out effect at a high initial CPs concentration and salinity) via hydrophobic/electrostatic interactions. The high performance of the CTAB-SiO2@alginate was demonstrated against petroleum hydrocarbons, CPs, and phenol contaminants using real petrochemical wastewater (up to three reusable cycles).

Dual-crosslinked nanocomposite hydrogels based on quaternized chitosan and clindamycin-loaded hyperbranched nanoparticles for potential antibacterial applications

Bacterial infections caused by S. aureus are prevalent all over the world. Antibiotic-loaded hydrogel has been reported as a promising drug delivery system for the treatment. However, the direct incorporation of antibiotics into the hydrogel leads to quick initial burst release, which results in a sub-inhibition concentration of antibiotics in local environment and induces the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. In this work, a novel dual-crosslinked nanocomposite hydrogel (imine bond and nanoparticle crosslinking) was prepared based on quaternized chitosan and clindamycin-loaded hyperbranched nanoparticles. Dual-crosslinked nanocomposite structure endowed the hydrogel with considerable mechanical and injectable properties. Dual pH responses were introduced into the hydrogel, and a controlled clindamycin release was observed in the acidic environment, which might avoid inducing the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. What's more, the antibacterial results demonstrated an excellent antibacterial activity of the hydrogel for not only E. coli and S. aureus, but also Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Nearly 90% of bacteria was killed after contacting with the hydrogel. In addition, the in vitro cell cytotoxicity test results showed that the hydrogel owned good biocompatibility. The in vitro cell viability was >90%. Above all, this dual-crosslinked nanocomposite hydrogel owned possibility for potential antibacterial applications.

Antitumor activity of a hydrogel loaded with lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles on cervical, prostate, and colon human cancer cells.

The objective of this study was to analyze the antitumor activity of a hydrogel loaded with lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles on human cervical, prostate, and colon cancer cell lines. The effect of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles on the viability of cancer cell lines (HeLa, DU145, and HCT-116) and non-cancer lung fibroblasts (HLF; LL 47[MaDo]) was determined with the MTT cell viability assay and compared with known antineoplastic drugs. The biocompatibility at an organismal level was verified in a murine model by histological examination. A lipophilic bismuth nanoparticle hydrogel at 50 µM time-dependently inhibited the growth of the three cancer cell lines, in a time-dependent way. A 1-hour exposure to 250 µM lipophilic bismuth nanoparticle hydrogel, inhibited the growth of the three cancer cell lines. The in-vitro efficacy of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticle was similar to the one of docetaxel and cisplatin, but without inhibiting the growth of non-cancer control cells. Histology confirmed the biocompatibility of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles as there were no signs of cytotoxicity or tissue damage in any of the evaluated organs (kidney, liver, brain, cerebellum, heart, and jejunum). In conclusion, a lipophilic bismuth nanoparticle hydrogel is an innovative, low-cost alternative for the topical treatment of cervicouterine, prostate, and colon human cancers.