Concentration Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Mixed convection flow of MHD Casson nanofluid over a vertically extending sheet with effects of hall, ion slip and nonlinear thermal radiation

This manuscript investigates the effects of viscous dissipation, Ohmic heating, nonlinear thermal radiation, chemical reactions, Hall current, and ion slip on the mixed convection flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson nanofluid over a vertically stretching sheet in a spongy medium. The strongly nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) derived from the governing equations are solved using a sixth-order, seven-stage Runge–Kutta (RK6) method in conjunction with the shooting technique. Numerical simulations are conducted using an open-source Python programming language. The study evaluates temperature, velocity, nanoparticle concentration, skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number (rate of heat transfer), and Sherwood number (rate of mass transfer) based on dimensionless parameters. Key findings reveal that increasing ion slip and Hall currents enhance the velocity profile in the x-direction, while the Casson parameter exerts a diminishing effect. The fluid temperature decreases with higher Hall current, Casson parameter, and ion slip values but increases due to nonlinear thermal radiation, the temperature ratio parameter, and the Eckert number. Furthermore, the chemical reaction parameter and Schmidt number reduce nanoparticle concentration within the boundary layer, with the Casson parameter amplifying this effect. The study also examines the rates of mass, heat, and momentum transfer near the surface under varying parameter influences, presenting results through comprehensive graphs and tables. To validate the numerical method, a comparative analysis is conducted against previous studies, demonstrating excellent agreement and thus confirming the reliability and accuracy of the computational approach.

Case study of freezing-induced loading of silver nanoparticles into vaterite microcrystals

Hybrid materials composed of porous vaterite CaCO3 microcrystals loaded with functional inorganic nanoparticles are actively studied with respect to various practical applications. Recently, freezing-induced loading method was demonstrated as a versatile and effective approach for preparation of vaterite-based functional hybrid microparticles. However, despite of its high efficiency, the effect of nanoparticle concentration on the freezing-induced loading process and the structural properties of the resulted hybrids were not studied previously. Herein, for the first time, we have evaluated the feasibility of the conventional adsorption models to describe the freezing-induced loading of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The fitting of the dependence of the loading capacity of vaterite crystals on the residual concentration of AgNPs to two- or three-parameter models revealed that the best fit was obtained with the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.969), suggesting non-uniform deposition of AgNPs and interparticle agglomeration (Freundlich n > 1). This was confirmed with electron microscopy and elemental analysis demonstrating the formation and growth of AgNP aggregates on the CaCO3 surface with increasing initial nanoparticle concentration. Overall, the reported findings are valuable for a better understanding of the freezing-induced loading process and for further optimization of the preparation of vaterite-based functional hybrid microparticles.

Electrical conductivity of polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose doped by zinc oxide and hematite nanoparticles for optoelectronics devices

This research explores polymer nanodielectrics, a category of materials where nanoceramic fillers are incorporated into polymers. These hybrid materials are gaining significant interest due to their tunable optical and electrical properties, making them potentially well-suited for applications in flexible optoelectronic and organic electronic devices. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc oxide (ZnO), and hematite (Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to create nanocomposite materials in order to improve their optical and electrical characterization. Physical methods have been used to investigate the effects of varying hematite nanoparticle contents on the optical and electrical characterization of the prepared films. XRD analysis indicated a reduction in the crystalline character of the PVA/CMC blend following the incorporation of ZnO/Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs). FTIR data approved the interaction between the PVA/CMC composite and the ZnO/Fe2O3, leading to a decrease in intermolecular interactions within the polymeric matrix and coordination with the ZnO/Fe2O3. Electrical analysis obtained an enhancement in σac values with the rise of ZnO/Fe2O3 NPs content up to 30 min of laser ablation times in the polymeric nanocomposite due to the high content of ZnO/Fe2O3 NPs that were added to the PVA/CMC hybrid polymer matrix. The findings from this study suggest the promise of these materials for applications in high-performance batteries, supercapacitors, or other next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.

Utilization of torrefied date stones with synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles for promoting humidity sensing of PVA/PVP nanocomposites for smart food packaging and biomedical applications

Fabricating smart and active packaging films with affordable cost has become the first demand for serving to market needs, particularly after COVID-19 disaster, for ensuring food security. Therefore, the broader goal of this work was to improve intelligent and active packaging films having humidity-sensing and antibacterial properties for biodegradable poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/Polyvinylidene (PVP) reinforced with torrefied date stones (DS) and lethal amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles by a solvent-casting approach. Various concentrations of TiO2 NPs (i.e. 0.05, 0.15, and 0.30 %) in presence of 10 % torrefied DS (biochar) as a fixed content were used to fabricate PVA/PVP nanocomposite films. FT-IR spectra were utilized to monitor the DS functional groups before and after torrefaction at 270 °C. The crystal structure of synthesized TiO2 NPs as well as its impact on the PVA/PVP nanocomposites were verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD micrographs and FT-IR spectra-based biofilms showcased that the degree of crystallinity and dispersibility of filler in the blend matrix were promoted, when the nanoparticles added. This was evidenced by SEM images. Mechanical testing also manifested that a great improvement in the tensile properties were noticed, especially at 0.30 % NPs and found the tensile strength reached ∼ 33 MPa compared to PVA/PVP blank (∼ 23.70 MPa) or PVA/PVP-BC (∼ 18.20 MPa). The humidity sensing properties were performed over a wide span of relative humidity from (11-97 % RH) and frequency (50 Hz-10 kHz). The data manifested that 100 Hz was the optimum testing frequency. Moreover, the gotten findings from humidity-sensing tests at 100 Hz exhibited that the sensor containing 0.15% TiO2 NPs had higher sensitivity and could be considered as a nano-sensor for smart food packaging. Furthermore, the impact of TiO2 NPs on antibacterial activity was investigated to probably use these films in active packaging with prolonged shelf-life of food products and other promising applications including biological area.

A comparative analysis of the antimicrobial efficacy of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis - In vitro study

Introduction: Root canal irrigants combat endodontic microbial flora, effectively targeting resilient microbes like Enterococcus faecalis, which persist despite treatment. Chlorhexidine (CHX), as an irrigant, boasts broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, notable substantivity in dentine, and favorable biocompatibility. In the realm of nanotechnology, the use of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) solutions appears promising, given their strong antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of varying concentrations (1%, 0.75%, and 0.5%) of AgNPs and 2% CHX against E. faecalis. Materials and Methods: Four irrigant solutions, including 1%, 0.75%, and 0.5% AgNPs and 2% CHX with gentamicin as the control, will be assessed. The ATCC 29212 strain of E. faecalis will be cultivated at 37°C on brain–heart infusion Broth plates. After 48 h, the bacterial population will be quantified by counting colony-forming units on agar plates. Each irrigant will be applied to the plates, and the resulting bacterial inhibition zone will be measured. Results: Our study demonstrates the antimicrobial effects of 1%, 0.75%, and 0.5% AgNPs and 2% CHX against E. faecalis. While 2% CHX exhibited superior activity, AgNPs at various concentrations also displayed inhibitory effects against E. faecalis. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the antimicrobial properties of 1%, 0.75%, and 0.5% AgNPs and 2% CHX against E. faecalis. The results indicate that 2% CHX exhibits superior activity, while AgNPs at various concentrations also demonstrate inhibitory zones against E. faecalis.

Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid Nanopolyelectrolyte Combined with Tanshinone IIA Targets Signal Transduction Pathway to Prevent Atherosclerosis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro target impact of manufactured nanocarriers on vascular endothelial cells, as well as the effect of stable concentration and physicochemical properties of chitosan and hyaluronic acid nanoparticles loaded with tanshinone IIA, on the successful adsorption of targeting antibody. Polyelectrolyte composite nanoparticles were prepared by neutralizing chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Anti-atherosclerosis antibody was quantitatively adsorbed on CS-HA nanoparticles after 4 h in water or PBS. Nanocarriers created in a lab are put through in vivo and in vitro tests on vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaques. Complexation and physicochemical properties of colloids were affected by external factors including charge mixing ratio and polymer content. The aforementioned method was used to produce non-stoichiometric CS-HA nano-colloids that were stable in water or PBS (pH 7.4) for over a month. Its morphology was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Nanoparticles of the CS-HA/CD47 antibody have a positive Zeta potential. Using this nanocarriers in vivo adsorbed to endothelial cells and plaques quite efficiently. Chitosan and hyaluronic acid nanopolyelectrolyte combined with tanshinone IIA nanoparticles were successfully synthesized. Customized nanocarriers may adsorb to endothelial cell lines and atherosclerotic plaques in vitro.

Electrochemical detection of atrial natriuretic peptide-coated nanocarriers based on a molecularly imprinted polymer receptor thin film

Molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) are biomimetic materials of great interest in the scientific and industrial fields for the development of innovative sensing strategies. Herein, we proposed a new sensing application by developing an electrochemical sensor using molecular imprinting (MI) technology for recognition of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) both as a free molecule in solution and attached to nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDSs), aiming to provide fast and reliable information on the cell uptake of nanoparticles (NPs). As proof of concept, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs were synthesized and used as nanocarriers for ischemic heart disease therapy were synthesized and then functionalized with ANP (named here as PLGA-NPs@ANP). The MIP receptor film was prepared by electrochemical polymerization of dopamine over the working area of a gold screen-printed electrode (AuSPE), using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The construction of the ANP sensor was carefully optimized to enhance its performance, including the film thickness and the procedures for effective template extraction from the MIP matrix. The MIP biosensor presented a linear response against polymeric NPs (PLGA-NPs@ANP) concentration logarithm ranging from 4.0 μg mL-1 to 100 μg mL-1, with a sensitivity of – 0.0129 mA mL μg-1 decade-1 and an LOD < 4.0 μg mL-1. Furthermore, the developed MIP receptor film was able to discriminate ANP-functionalized nanocarriers from non-functionalized NPs.

Charge-patterned nanofiltration membranes with polystyrene sulfonate particles and polyethyleneimine in cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol

Removing salinity has always been a challenge for wastewater treatment. Utilizing nanofiltration (NF) membranes is a promising approach. However, currently available NF membranes are less effective in monovalent salt removal. In this study, work toward the initial aim of fabricating charge mosaic membranes led to charge-patterned NF-selective films on polyether sulfone (PES) or polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support membranes, with similar rejection for mono- and divalent salts. The membranes were fabricated by a two-step layer assembly of first negatively charged polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) particles immobilized in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer, followed by coating a positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) layer. Both PVA and PEI were crosslinked using glutaraldehyde that had initially been impregnated into the support membrane. The type of support membrane, nanoparticle, PVA, and PEI concentrations during fabrication, as well as feed pH and salt concentration, play significant roles in separation performance of obtained composite membranes. Charge-patterned NF membranes fabricated using 0.5 wt.% PVA and 0.05 wt.% PSS for assembly of the first layer followed by coating 0.5 wt.% PEI solution had even somewhat higher rejection for monovalent salt (NaCl; ∼82%) compared to multivalent salts (Na2SO4, MgSO4, and MgCl2; ∼74%), at a permeance of 5.5 LMH/bar on the PES and 3.1 LMH/bar on the PAN support membrane.

Determination of operational flow regime and heat transfer performance optimization of mono and hybrid nanofluids using FOM and sensitivity analysis

Nanofluids are considered as the most suitable replacement for conventional coolants due to their augmented thermal properties. The current study focuses on the operational suitability of different nanofluids (45 nanofluids) and estimates their heat transfer performance through Figure of merit (FOM) analysis. To perform an FOM-based ranking of these nanofluids, the heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, and pumping power of several nanofluids were also calculated. The effect of varying the volumetric concentration (0.01–1 vol%) on the pumping power, heat transfer coefficient, and thermo-physical characteristics of several nanofluids was examined. Different process and design parameters like pressure drop, flow velocity, mass flow rate, internal channel diameter, fluid temperature gradient, and wall temperature of the system were varied to check their effect on heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, and pumping power. Based on the FOM analysis, the authors determined that the majority of the nanofluids (26 nanofluids) investigated can be used in both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing nanoparticle concentration. Therefore, it is essential to keep the concentration at an optimum level to attain the desired heat transfer performance. Among various key findings from the study, authors reported that the friction factor and pumping power of the nanofluid increases when the pressure drops and the channel’s internal diameter increases, while with increasing flow velocity, the friction factor and pumping power decrease. The authors also suggest that the pressure drop should be limited to 1–1.003 bar, the flow velocity should be greater than 1.4–1.5 m/s and the internal diameter should be 0.02 m to maintain the friction factor below 0.1. The aforementioned parameters are crucial when optimizing the heat transfer performance of a cooling system using nanofluid as a coolant.

Advanced electrochemical synthesis and characterization of Al2O3 nanoparticles embedded in polyaniline matrix for optoelectronic applications

Nanocomposite materials, featuring conducting polymers and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs), are revolutionizing various fields including biomedicine, optoelectronic devices, and dye adsorption. In this study, we report on the synthesis of Al2O3 nanoparticles embedded in a Polyaniline (PANI) matrix for the fabrication of Al2O3/PANI nanocomposite films. The electrodeposition method was employed to deposit these films onto ITO-glass substrates, with concentrations ranging from 5 % to 20 %. The optical properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, allowing the determination of the refractive index and absorption coefficients. In addition, the Scherrer equation was used to calculate the average crystallite size, providing insight into the microscopic, ordered regions within the material. With increasing nanoparticle concentration in PANI-Al2O3 nanocomposites, Tauc plots revealed an increase in energy band gaps from 3.70 eV to 3.85 eV. Additionally, optical bandgap energies increased in PANI- Al2O3 nanocomposites, while electrical conductivities decreased with higher Al2O3 NPs content. Incorporation of Al2O3 NPs reduced the degree of conjugated π-bonds in PANI and disrupted the ordered structure of polymer chains. Moreover, the SEM analysis confirmed that the nanocomposite films had a dense, fiber-like structure. Further analysis of FTIR and XRD data revealed interactions between Al2O3 nanoparticles and PANI chains. At lower concentrations, minimal interaction was observed, while higher concentrations resulted in enhanced molecular interactions, leading to improved chain stretching, molecular packing, and larger crystallite sizes. As a result of Al2O3 nanoparticle incorporation, the nanocomposites exhibited conductivity values ranging from 0.12 to 0.02 S cm−1. These engineered nanocomposite films, characterized by high crystallinity, varied electrical conductivities, and controlled band gaps, show promising potential as active components in next-generation optoelectronic devices.

THE MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE BIOCONVECTION FLOW OF NEPCM IN A Z-SHAPED CAVITY CONTAINING THREE CIRCULAR CYLINDERS

This work adopts an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method for handling the bioconvection flow of nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) inside a Z-shaped containing three circular cylinders and oxytactic microorganisms. The fractional time derivative of a system of controlling equations is solved by the ISPH method. The influences of magnetic field on thermosolutal convection of NEPCM in Z-shaped cavity. The mesh-free nature of the ISPH method helps in simulating the nanofluid flow in complex geometries. The Z-shaped cavity was chosen in this work for bioconvection flow because of its uses in semiconductors in solar cells, electronic devices, biomedicine, and thermal batteries. The bioconvection flow and heat transfer of the embedded circular cylinders are significant in heat exchangers and renewable energies. The scales of physical parameters are bioconvection Rayleigh number Rab=1−1000, Lewis number Le=1−20, Hartmann number Ha=0−80, fractional-time derivative α=0.9−1, Rayleigh number Ra=103−106, the radius of embedded circular cylinders Rc=0.05−0.2, and nanoparticles’ parameter ϕ=0−0.15. The results introduced the importance of Rab in enhancing the distributions of oxytactic microorganisms, and oxygen concentrations as well as the intensity of the velocity field. The size of embedded circular cylinders is effective in adjusting the distributions of oxytactic microorganisms, oxygen concentration, and temperature inside a Z-shaped cavity. The maximum velocity field decreases by 86.79% as nanoparticle concentration increases from 0% to 15% due to the resulting high viscosity of the suspension fluid. An expanded radius of embedded circular cylinders improves the values of Nu‾ and Sh‾. This research provides crucial insights into optimizing thermal management and efficiency across diverse technological applications, from electronics to renewable energy and biomedical devices.

An In-Vitro Study of the Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Nanoparticles-Containing Orthodontic Primer

Background: Demineralization is an anticipated side effect of fixed orthodontic treatment. Incorporating antimicrobial compounds into orthodontic adhesive material may be an effective method for averting white spots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of an orthodontic primer modified with varying quantities of chitosan nanoparticles. Materials and methods: 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of Chitosan nanoparticles have been combined with Transbond TM XT primer. Three discs of eight millimeters in diameter and two millimeters in thickness were constructed for each group, for a total of twelve discs. Results: included the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the Nano powder's properties. The data was statistically examined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the results indicated statistically non-significant differences between groups (p˃0.05). In conclusion, the addition of chitosan nanoparticles to the orthodontic adhesive system's primer exhibited an acceptable level of cytotoxicity and was within the appropriate ISO limits (70% cell viability).

Numerical heat transfer analysis of bio convective flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid with Darcy-Forchheimer effect over a curved stretching surface

The main aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of bio-convective flow of 2nd grade micropolar nanofluid with Darcy-Forchheimer law over a curved porous stretching surface. The fluid flow analysis includes novel aspects such as the nonuniform heat source/sink, Joule heating, magnetic field, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation. Furthermore, the boundary of the stretching surface is acquired the stratification conditions. A suitable conversion method is employed to transform the flow model into a collection of ordinary differential equations, characterized by their nonlinearity. The bvp4c technique on the MATLAB is utilized to acquire numerical solutions for this set of nonlinear equations. The characteristics of various influential parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism density profiles are observed and discussed. In the present problem, it is observed that by the growth of micropolar parameter enhances the angular fluid velocity. Moreover, larger values of the magnetic parameter, Darcy number, and porosity parameter result in a decrease in the fluid’s linear velocity. The temperature profile exhibits a decreasing pattern with the elevation thermal stratification parameter, while the opposite trend shows by the increment of the radiation parameter and Eckert number. Additionally, the concentration of nanoparticles decreases as the Schmidt number and Brownian motion parameter increases.

Impacts of thermal conductivity and viscosity variation parameters on non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with mixed convection and chemical reaction features

Impacts of thermal conductivity and viscosity variation parameters on non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with mixed convection and chemical reaction features

Effect of using a ZnO-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluid on heat transfer performance and pressure drop in a flat tube with louvered finned heat exchanger

AbstractThis study used an experimental setup consisting of a flat tube with a louvered finned crossflow configuration to examine the effects of utilizing a ZnO-TiO2-water hybrid nanofluid on heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and pressure drop. The studies were carried out under laminar flow conditions (200 &lt; Re &lt; 800), at four different temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80 °C), four different volume concentrations of nanoparticles (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%), and three different volume flow rates (4, 6, 8 LPM). The findings were compared with pure water (0%). The results indicate that using hybrid nanofluid improves the heat transfer performance and increases pressure loss in comparison with pure water. When comparing hybrid nanofluid to pure water, the largest increases in heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and pressure drop were 87.8%, 21.7%, 26.4%, and 10%, respectively. In addition, it was found that, up to a specific value (0.05%), increasing the nanoparticle volume concentration enhanced the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number, but which began to decrease on increasing the concentration past this value. Therefore, it was concluded that nanoparticle volume concentrations greater than 0.05% negatively affect heat transfer under the current operating conditions. The maximum heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number were obtained under the conditions of an 8 LPM volume flow rate, 80 °C inlet temperature, and 0.05% volume concentration.

Efficient chromium removal from leather industrial wastewater in batch experimental study: Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ficus benghalensis extracts

The urgent need to address the severe environmental risk posed by chromium-contaminated industrial wastewater necessitates the development of eco-friendly cleanup methodologies. Utilizing the Ficus benghalensis plant extracts, the present study aims to develop green zinc oxide nanoparticles for the removal of Cr metal ions from wastewater. The leaves of Ficus benghalensis, often known as the banyan tree, were used to extract a solution for synthesizing ZnO NPs. These nanoparticles were developed with the goal of efficiently eliminating chromium (Cr) from industrial effluents. Batch studies were carried out to assess the efficiency of these synthesized ZnO NPs in treating leather industrial effluent, with aiming for optimal chromium removal. This involved measuring the nanoparticles' capacity to adsorb Cr ions from wastewater samples by comparing chromium levels before and after treatment. Removal efficiency for Cr was estimated through the batches such as optimization of pH, contact time, initial Cr concentration and sorbent dose of ZnO NPs were of the batches. These synthesized ZnO NPs were found to be successful in lowering chromium levels in wastewater to meet permissible limit. The nanoparticles exhibited their highest absorption capacity, reaching 94 % (46 mg/g) at pH 4, with a contact time of 7 hours with the optimum sorbent dose of 0.6 g/L. Hence, the excellent adsorption capabilities of these nanoparticles, together with their environmentally benign manufacturing technique, provide a long-term and efficient solution for chromium-contaminated wastewater treatment. Its novel nature has the potential to significantly improve the safety and cleanliness of water ecosystems, protecting the both i.e. human health and the environment.

Comprehensive Analysis of Curcumin Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytogenotoxic Profiling.

Curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa) has traditionally been used due to its pharmacological properties, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, and antioxidant activities, but has had limitations in use due to low bioavailability. Nanoparticles have protuberant efficacies to diagnose or cure a variety of diseases, including tumors, by fine-tuning their size, structure, and physicochemical characteristics. This study aims to develop a new dosage form of curcumin nanoparticles with zinc oxide to enhance its therapeutic efficacy against cancer and cause no damage to genetics. Curcumin zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by using a Zeta sizer, ultraviolet (UV)-spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Different concentrations range from 40 to 0.078 μg/mL, and these nanoparticles were evaluated for their anticancer activity by colorimetric analysis (MTT assay) on normal (Vero) and cancerous cell lines (MCF-7) and genotoxicity by the comet assay. The spherical-shaped curcumin zinc oxide nanoparticles of 189 nm size were prepared with characteristic functional groups. The selectivity index of curcumin zinc oxide nanoparticles, calculated from IC50 values, is 4.60 > 2.0, showing anticancer potential comparable to tamoxifen. The genetic damage index of the highest concentration (40 μg/mL) of curcumin zinc oxide nanoparticles was 0.08, with a percent fragmentation of 8%. The results suggest that nanoparticles of curcumin zinc oxide produced better anticancer effects and did not cause any significant damage to the DNA. Consequently, further research is required to ensure the development of a safe and quality dosage form of nanoparticles for proper utilization.

Electrochemical Hg2+ sensor based on electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers doped with Ag nanoparticles

Mercury (Hg) sensors are critical for environmental monitoring, industrial processes, and public health. They are designed to measure the presence and concentration of mercury ions (Hg2+) in various matrices, including air, water, soil, and biological samples. Mercury in the environment raises concerns due to its toxicity and potential for bioaccumulation. Therefore, this work aims to develop an improved, eco-friendly mercury sensor to address the evolving need for monitoring and control of mercury. The electrochemical sensor for reported here is based on the ability of silver (Ag) to catalyze the reduction of the mercury species Hg2+ to elemental mercury (Hg0), forming an Ag/Hg amalgam. To optimize this sensor, the concentration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on modified nanofibers is determined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Morphological studies and chemical characterization reveal a fiber thickness ranging from 250 to 450 nm and characteristic functional groups, respectively. The sensoŕs analytical performance for detecting Hg2+ concentrations is evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and DPV in 0.1 M potassium chloride as a supporting electrolyte. The sensor’s detection limit (LOD) for Hg2+ was 0.43 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 0.33 mA/μg/L. In conclusion, the electrochemical sensor exhibits sensitivity and selectivity for Hg2+ detection in the presence of other interfering metal ions, along with eco-friendly and cost-effective features, making it a reliable and practical tool for detecting Hg2+ concentration in water samples.

Optimization and heat transfer analysis for MHD radiative natural convective flow of hybrid nanofluid within a partially heated cavity

The current study consists of optimization and heat transfer analysis for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radiative-natural convective flow of hybrid nanofluid (mixture of silver and copper nanoparticles with ethylene glycol (base fluid)) saturated inside the partially heated isosceles triangular cavity. Additionally, the current analysis investigates the distraction of available energy during thermal mixing and flow friction through local entropy generation. The conservation laws of total mass, momentum, and energy balance equations have been utilized to govern the physical flow problem. After eradicating the pressure terms in the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) via the penalty technique, the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) with the Newton-Raphson technique has been utilized to solve it. The outcomes established that the concentration of silver nanoparticles, as compared to copper nanoparticles, gives better energy transport. An increase in the concentration of nano-particles from ( ϕ 1 = ϕ 2 = 0 ) to ( ϕ 1 = ϕ 2 = 0.1 ) increased the intensity of streamlines from ψ max = 1.5 to ψ max = 4 and energy transmit rate increases by 57.4 % . The influence of thermal radiation decreased the fluid flow friction or local entropy via fluid flow.

One-Step Preparation Method and Rapid Detection Implementation Scheme for Simple Magnetic Tagging Materials

With the widespread application of tagging materials, existing chemical tagging materials exhibit limitations in stability and detection under field conditions. This study introduces a novel magnetic detection scheme. Hydrophilic material-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (COOH-PEG@Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique. The content of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the magnetic tagging liquid can reach up to 10 wt% and remain stable in an aqueous phase system for seven days. This research details the preparation process, the characterization methods (IR, 1HNMR, EDX, XRD, SEM, TEM, VSM, DLS), and the performance effects of the materials in magnetic tagging. Experimental results indicate that COOH-PEG@Fe3O4 NPs exhibit high remanence intensity (Br = 1.75 emu/g) and considerable stability, making it possible to quickly detect tagged liquids in the field using portable flux meters and optical pump magnetometers. This study provides new insights into the design and application of magnetic tagging materials, making it particularly suitable for long-term tagging and convenient detection in field scenarios.