Composite Nanoparticles Research Articles

Exploiting the synergistic influence of AgNPs-TiO2NPs: enhancing phytostabilization of pb and mitigating its toxicity in Vigna unguiculata

In this study, a composite of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (AgNPs-TiO2NPs) was examined for its synergistic effects on phytostabilization of lead (Pb) and mitigation of toxicity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp). Seeds of V. unguiculata were wetted with water, 0.05 and 0.1 mgL−1 Pb and 25 mgmL−1 each of AgNPs, TiO2NPs, and AgNPs-TiO2NPs. Root lengths of V. unguiculata were reduced by 25% and 44% at 0.05 and 0.1 mgL−1 Pb, respectively, while shoot lengths were reduced by 2% and 7%. In V. unguiculata, AgNPs and TiO2NPs significantly improved physiological indicators and mitigated Pb effects, with TiO2NPs modulating physiological parameters more effectively than AgNPs. The composite (AgNPs-TiO2NPs) synergistically regulated V. unguiculata physiology better than individual nanoparticles. Compared to individual AgNPs and TiO2NPs, the composite (AgNPs-TiO2NPs) synergistically increased antioxidant activity by 12% and 9%, and carotenoid contents by 88%. Additionally, AgNPs-TiO2NPs effectively reduced malondialdehyde levels by 29%, thereby mitigating the effects of Pb on V. unguiculata better than individual nanoparticles. AgNPs-TiO2NPs enhanced Pb immobilization by 57%, reducing its translocation from soil to shoots compared to V. unguiculata wetted with water. The bioconcentration and translocation factors of Pb indicate that phytostabilization was most effective when the composite was used.

Ratiometric electrochemical and impedimetric dual-mode aptasensor based on thionine-functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene/Pt and Au nanoparticle composites for reliable detection of aflatoxin B1

Rapid and reliable detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is critical in public health, food safety and environmental control. Herein, a ratiometric electrochemical (EC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) dual-mode aptasensing platform based on thionine-functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene/Pt and Au nanoparticle composites (MXene@Thi/PtAuNPs) was constructed for accurate and reliable detection of AFB1. The MXene@Thi/PtAuNPs composites were prepared by a facile and mild approach. The electroactive molecule Thi embedded in MXene could not only inhibit the aggregation of MXene nanosheets, but also act as an internal reference probe to form a ratiometric sensing strategy. The decoration of Pt and Au nanoparticles can further effectively enhance the conductivity and catalytic activity of the composites. The MXene@Thi/PtAuNPs composites were then served as a support to sequentially assemble hairpin DNA (hDNA) and ferrocene-labelled AFB1 aptamer (Fc-Apt) to construct the dual-mode sensor. The developed dual-mode sensor with both ratiometric EC detection (based on IThi/IFc) and EIS detection (based on Ret) can mutually verify the detection results obtained by two modes, offering more accurate and reliable results, which enabled sensitive and reliable AFB1 detection in the concentration range of 10.0 pg mL−1-30.0 ng mL−1 (ratiometric EC mode) and 3.0 pg mL−1-30.0 ng mL−1 (EIS mode), respectively. The sensing platform also demonstrated favorable selectivity, reproducibility and stability, and satisfactory applicability in corn sample, showing great potential in the sensing of mycotoxins in agricultural products.

Agro-Based nanoparticles composite: A novel approach for enhanced ballistic applications

The field of material science has witnessed a paradigm shift with the emergence of agro-based nanoparticles composites demonstrating remarkable potential for advanced applications. Agricultural by-products, such as cellulose, lignin, and chitin, are selected as the base materials due to their abundance, renewability, low adverse environmental impact and acceptable mechanical properties. The developed composites exhibits superior specific mechanical properties compared to traditional materials. This review explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of agro-based nanoparticles in composites development for ballistic purposes. The eco-friendly nature and synthesis of agro-based composite aligns with the current sustainability goals, offering a green alternative to conventional materials being used in ballistic applications. The utilization of agricultural by-products not only mitigates environmental concerns but also promotes the circular economy by repurposing waste materials into high-value products. This review presents a novel approach in the field of ballistic materials by harnessing the potential of agro-based nanoparticles composites. The superior specific mechanical properties make this composite material a promising candidate for ballistic applications, thereby, opening avenues for sustainable advancements in defense and security technologies. Keywords: Agro-based, Nanoparticles, Composites, Green Technology, Ballistic Application.

Ultrasensitive and Adjustable Nanothermometers Based on Er3+-Sensitized Core@Shell Nanoparticles for Use in the First Biological Window.

In recent years, intensive research has focused on lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (NPs) used as noncontact temperature sensors, particularly in nanomedicine. These NPs must be capable of excitation and emission within biological windows, where biological materials usually show better transparency for radiation. In this article, we propose that NPs sensitized with Er3+ ions can be applied as temperature sensors in biological materials. We synthesized the NPs through a reaction in high-boiling solvents and confirmed their crystal structure and the formation of core@shell NPs by using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and element distribution mapping within the NPs. NaErF4@NaYF4, NaYF4:12.5% Er3+, 2.5% Tm3+@NaYF4, NaYF4:7.5% Er3+@NaYF4, and NaYF4:12.5% Er3+, 2.5% Ho3+@NaYF4 exhibited intense upconversion (UC) emission under 1532 nm laser excitation detectable also in the whole human blood. We propose that this UC results from energy transfer between Er3+ ions and from Er3+ to Tm3+ or Ho3+ codopants. To determine the mechanism of UC, we measured the dependence of the emission band intensities on the laser power densities. Importantly, we also analyzed the temperature-dependent emission of the NPs within the 295-360 K range. Based on the collected emission spectra, we calculated the luminescence intensity ratios (LIRs) of the emission bands to assess their potential for optical temperature sensing. The temperature-sensing properties varied with the concentration of Er3+ ions and the presence of additional Tm3+ or Ho3+ codopants. Depending on the NP composition and the emission bands used for luminescence ratio calculations, the maximum relative temperature sensitivity ranged from 4.55%·K-1 to 1.12%·K-1, with temperature resolution between 0.05 and 2.53 K at room temperature. Finally, as proof of using NPs as temperature sensors in biomedicine, we successfully measured the temperature-dependent emission of NaYF4:7.5% Er3+@NaYF4 NPs dispersed in whole blood under 1532 nm excitation. We demonstrated that the ratio of Er3+ ion emission bands changes with temperature, indicating that these NPs have potential applications in temperature sensing within biological environments. We also confirmed the properties of NPs as temperature sensors by measuring the temperature reading uncertainty and the repeatability of the LIR readings during heating-cooling cycles, thereby confirming the excellent properties of the studied systems as temperature sensors.

Synergistic effects of graphene nanoparticles on the thermomechanical properties of PEEK-HNTs nanocomposites

In our previous study, we selected a 3% concentration (PH3) from various prepared PEEK-HNTs nanocomposites. Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is characterized by non-perfluorinated aromatic compounds with 1,4-disubstituted phenyl groups linked by carbonyl (––CO––) and ether (––O––) groups, offering exceptional thermal stability, mechanical strength, tribological properties, and chemical resistance at high temperatures. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are known for their non-toxic, environmentally friendly, cost-effective properties, with tunable release and rapid adsorption rates. In this study, we prepared graphene nanoparticle (GNP) composites at three different concentrations while maintaining constant PH3 levels. The composites underwent comprehensive characterization using FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and DMA techniques. Thermomechanical properties were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Results demonstrate significant enhancements in hardness, impact strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus, with the highest performance observed in the GNP-loaded 0.3% (PHG3) concentration. The synergistic effects of GNP fillers in PH3 are attributed to enhanced interfacial adhesion and favorable interactions with the polymer matrix.

Eco-friendly nanocomposite particles CuO/Fe2O3 and CuFeO2 as corrosion inhibitors of reinforced steel for concrete

Abstract In the last period of scientific research, the application of nanoscale materials had a huge interest in enhancing sustainability and improving the performance of concrete. This paper discusses lots of experimental truths about nanoparticles (CuO, Fe2O3) and nanocomposite particles (CuFeO2 and CuO/Fe2O3), which are manufactured by green chemistry and their effect on concrete. Because of their advanced properties due to containing the two heavy transition metals iron and copper, these particles can It is possible to bring about a wide development in the field of building and construction, and they may finalize more than one function at the same time. The dispersion of nanoparticles (Nps) in concrete mixtures is a key strategy to achieve the tailoring process, which is used to design new materials with specific properties to perform desired functions or applications. In this paper, resistance against chemical corrosion is achieved. These nanocomposites (Ncps)can improve the microstructure, function, and strength. The SEM, physical, mechanical characterization, workability and electrochemical measurements of the concrete based on those Nps. The results discovered that those Nps are corrosion resistant, contributing to decreased failure corrosion problems, which may lead to continuing to work at the same level throughout the years of service. This communication aims to provide a deep comprehension of the role of (Ncps) admixtures in concrete composites. They provide possible methods to enhance their overall characteristics and establish the basis for a more sustainable and long-lasting future in the building field.

Non-exchange bias hysteresis loop shifts in dense composites of soft-hard magnetic nanoparticles: New possibilities for simple reference layers in magnetic devices

Exchange bias has been extensively studied in both exchange-coupled thin films and nanoparticle composite systems. However, the role of non-exchange mechanisms in the overall hysteresis loop bias is far from being understood. Here, dense soft-hard binary nanoparticle composites are used not only as a novel tool to unravel the effect of dipolar interactions on the hysteresis loop shift but also as a new strategy to enhance the bias of any magnet exhibiting an asymmetric magnetization reversal. Mixtures of equally sized, 6.8 nm, soft maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (no bias—symmetric reversal) and hard cobalt doped γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (large exchange bias—asymmetric reversal) reveal that, for certain fractions of soft particles, the loop shift of the composite can be significantly larger than the exchange-bias field of the hard particles in the mixture. Simple calculations indicate how this emerging phenomenon can be further enhanced by optimizing the parameters of the hard particles (coercivity and loop asymmetry). In addition, the existence of a dipolar-induced loop shift (“dipolar bias”) is demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically, where, for example, a bias is induced in the initially unbiased γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles due to the dipolar interaction with the exchange-biased hard nanoparticles. These results open a new paradigm in the large field of hysteresis bias and pave the way for novel approaches to tune loop shifts in magnetic hybrid systems beyond interface exchange coupling.

Natural synergy: Oleanolic acid-curcumin co-assembled nanoparticles combat osteoarthritis

Curcumin (Cur) is a natural polyphenol that is one of the most valuable natural products. However, its use as a functional food is limited by low water solubility, chemical instability and poor bioavailability. In this study, a supramolecular co-assembly strategy was used to construct an oleanolic acid-curcumin (OLA-Cur) co-assembly composite nano-slow-release treatment system. As a co-assembled compound, OLA is a widely present pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with multiple biological activities in the plant kingdom, which is expected to jointly alleviate the damaging effects of papain-induced mouse osteoarthritis model. The OLA-Cur NPs shows the solid core-shell structure, which can effectively improve the water solubility of Cur and OLA, and has good stability and sustained release characteristics. The analysis results show that the two compounds are mainly assembled through hydrogen bonding interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and π - π stacking interactions. The OLA-Cur NPs can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β induced by LPS in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and improve the oxidative stress index of hydrogen peroxide induced human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. In addition, it has a certain improvement effect on cartilage and subchondral bone damage in mouse osteoarthritis models. These findings suggest that constructing co-assembled composite nanoparticles based on pure natural compounds may break through the limitations of a variety of important nutritional ingredients in functional foods.

<i>In vitro</i> synthesis and microscopic structural change of fetuin-A/calcium phosphate composite nanoparticles during phase transition process

<i>In vitro</i> synthesis and microscopic structural change of fetuin-A/calcium phosphate composite nanoparticles during phase transition process

Locally Injectable Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate Hydrogel Doped with Triptolide-Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tends to occur in symmetrical joints and is always accompanied by synovial hyperplasia and cartilage damage. Triptolide (TP), an extract from Tripterygium, has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and could be used in the treatment of RA. However, its poor water solubility and the multi-system lesions caused by the use of this substance limit its clinical application. Therefore, it would be of great significance to assemble a composite nanoparticle hydrogel and apply it to a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model to investigate the therapeutic effect and biosafety of this compound. TP@HSA nanoparticles (TP@HSA NPs) were fabricated with a self-assembly method; a thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with the TP@HSA NPs (TP@HSA NP hydrogel) was prepared by using chitosan and beta- glycerophosphate (β-GP) and was then intra-articularly injected into CIA mice. The changes in joint swelling were measured with a digital caliper, and inflammation and cartilage damage were evaluated by using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and safranin O-fast green (SO&FG) staining, respectively. TP@HSA NPs with an average diameter of 112 ± 2 nm were successfully assembled, and their encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency were 47.6 ± 1.5% and 10.6 ± 3.3%, respectively. The TP@HSA NP hydrogel had a gelation temperature of 30.5 ± 0.2 °C, which allows for its injection at low temperatures and its sol-gel transformation under physiological conditions within 2 min, making it a suitable drug depot. The TP@HSA NP hydrogel was intra-articularly injected into CIA mice; it released TP locally and exerted anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, alleviating synovial inflammation and cartilage damage effectively. We successfully fabricated a TP@HSA NP-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel with good biosafety, which can release TP slowly for the treatment of RA. Our study provides a basis for the development of TP-based innovative preparations and has good application prospects.

Numerical modeling and optimization of fillet height of reinforced SAC305 solder joint in an ultra-fine capacitor assembly

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the design configuration for an optimum solder height of reinforced SAC305 solder joint in an ultra-fine capacitor assembly.Design/methodology/approachA multiphase finite volume model is developed for reflow soldering simulations to determine the fillet height of reinforced SAC305 solder joint in an ultra-fine capacitor assembly. Different solders, namely SAC305-x, SAC305-xNiO and SAC305-xTi, with varying percentage weight compositions of nanoparticles (x = 0 Wt.%, 0.01 Wt.%, 0.05 Wt.%, 0.10 Wt.%, 0.15 Wt.%) are investigated. A reflow soldering experiment is also conducted, and the cross-sections of the reflowed packages are examined using a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). The optimum design configurations (nanoparticle composition and material) for the solder fillet height are investigated using the Taguchi orthogonal array method.FindingsGood correlations were recorded between the HRTEM micrographs and the numerical predictions of the nanoparticles' distribution in the molten solder. The numerical prediction of the fillet height also agrees with the experiment, with a maximum disparity of 5.43%. It was found that Ti nanoparticles, having the smallest density compared to NiO and, exhibit the highest buoyancy effect in the molten solder. The Taguchi analysis revealed that the nanoparticles' material factor is more significant than the Wt.% factor for an optimum fillet height. An optimum design configuration for fillet height was established as SAC 305–0.15 Wt.% Ti, corresponding to a 41.13% improvement of the plain SAC 305 solder.Practical implicationsThe fillet height of solder joints greatly influences the solder joint reliability of miniaturized electronic packages. Solder joint reliability of ultra-fine capacitors can be improved using this study's findings on the optimum design configuration for the capacitor's solder fillet. The study’s findings can be practically implemented in industries such as electronics manufacturing, where enhanced solder joint reliability is critical.Originality/valueInvestigation of the optimum design configuration for reinforced SAC305 solder fillet is almost nonexistent in the literature. This study explored the optimization of fillet height of reinforced SAC305 solder joints in miniaturized capacitor assembly.

Secondary-explosion modification study on gaseous detonation synthesis of Fe@C nanoparticles

To enhance the graphitization degree of Fe@C nanoparticles synthesized via gaseous detonation, this study employed ferrocene as the precursor and hydrogen–oxygen mixed gas as the explosion source to investigate the effects of secondary-explosion on the phase composition, morphology, and magnetic properties of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles. The results show that after the secondary-explosion, the phase composition of Fe@C nanoparticles changes significantly, with partial oxidation of iron carbide/iron to FeO. The morphology remains largely unchanged, with particle sizes between 20–40 nm, but the crystallinity of both the metal core and carbon layer improves markedly, and lattice fringes become more distinct. The saturation magnetization(Ms) and residual magnetization(Mr) of Fe@C nanoparticles decrease by 56.7 % and 69 %, respectively, while the coercivity force shows little change.

Catalysis on Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles of the Silver–Copper System Cu<sub><i>n</i></sub>Ag<sub><i>m</i></sub>

The purpose of this work is to study the catalytic properties of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles of the copper-silver system of variable composition supported on aluminum oxide in the conversion reactions of protium modifications and deuterium-hydrogen exchange. From a comparison of the temperature dependences of the specific catalytic activity of the samples in the two reactions under study, a conclusion was drawn about different reaction mechanisms. It has been shown that, compared to bulk metals, nanoparticles of the CunAgm composition have catalytic properties in a wide temperature range, up to 77 K. In the chemical reaction of isotope exchange in molecular hydrogen, a synergistic effect is observed, which indicates the interaction of metals in biparticles.

Change of composition and surface plasmon resonance of Pd/Au core/shell nanoparticles triggered by CO adsorption.

Controlling composition and plasmonic response of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) is of great relevance to tune their catalytic activity. Herein, we demonstrate reversible composition and plasmonic response transitions from a core/shell to a bimetallic alloyed palladium/gold NP triggered by CO adsorption and sample temperature. The use of self-organized growth on alumina template film allows scrutinizing the impact of core size and shell thickness onto NP geometry and plasmonic response. Topography, molecular adsorption, and plasmonic response are addressed by scanning tunneling microscopy, vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, and surface differential reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. Modeling CO dipolar interaction and optical reflectivity corroborate the experimental findings. We demonstrate that probing CO adsorption sites by SFG is a remarkably sensitive and relevant method to investigate shell composition and follow in real-time Pd atom migration between the core and the shell. Pd-Au alloying is limited to the first two monolayers of the shell and no plasmonic response is found, while for a thicker shell, a plasmonic response is observed, concomitant with a lower Pd concentration in the shell. Above 10-4mbar, at room temperature, CO adsorption triggers the shell restructuration, forming a Pd-Au alloy that weakens the plasmonic response via Pd migration from the core to the shell. NP annealing at 550K, after pumping CO, leads to the desorption of remaining CO and gives enough mobility for Pd to migrate back inside the core and recover a pure gold shell with its original plasmonic response. This work demonstrates that surface stoichiometry and plasmonic response can be tuned by using CO adsorption and NP annealing.

Photothermal amplified multizyme activity for synergistic photothermal-catalytic tumor therapy

Nano-enzymatic catalytic therapy has been widely explored as a promising tumor therapeutic method with specific responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the inherent lower and simplex catalytic efficiency impairs their anti-tumor efficacy. Therefore, developing novel nanozymes with relatively high and multiple catalytic characteristics, simultaneously enhancing the enzyme-like activity of nanozymes using the proper method, photothermal promoted catalytic property, is a reliable way. In this paper, we report a manganese oxide/nitrogen-doped carbon composite nanoparticles (MnO-N/C NPs) with multi-enzyme mimetic activity and photothermal conversional effect. The peroxidase (POD)-like/oxidase (OXD)-like/catalase (CAT)-like activity of MnO-N/C nanozymes was accelerated upon exposure to an 808 nm NIR laser. In vitro and in vivo results proved that the MnO-N/C NPs shown excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided synergistic photothermal-enhanced catalytic treatment and photothermal therapy of liver cancer. The photothermal enhanced multi-enzyme activity maximizes the efficacy of catalytic and photothermal therapy while reducing harm to healthy cells, thereby offering valuable insights for the development of next-generation photothermal nanozymes to enhance tumor therapy.

A Self-Powered Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Utilizing Bimetallic Nanoparticle Composites Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes as Cathode.

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFC) are promising sources of green energy owing to the benefits of using renewable biofuels, eco-friendly biocatalysts, and moderate operating conditions. In this study, a simple and effective EBFC was presented using an enzymatic composite material-based anode and a nonenzymatic bimetallic nanoparticle-based cathode respectively. The anode was constructed from a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and ferrocene (Fc) as a conductive layer coupled with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) as a sensitive detection layer for glucose. A chitosan layer was also applied to the electrode as a protective layer to complete the composite anode. Chronoamperometry (CA) results show that the MWCNT-Fc-GOx/GCE electrode has a linear relationship between current and glucose concentration, which varied from 1 to 10mM. The LOD and LOQ were calculated for anode as 0.26mM and 0.87mM glucose, respectively. Also the sensitivity of the proposed sensor was calculated as 25.71 A/mM. Moreover, the studies of some potential interferants show that there is no significant interference for anode in the determination of glucose except ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and dopamine (DA). On the other hand, the cathode consisted of a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with platinum-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (Nps) which exhibit excellent conductivity and electron transfer rate for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The constructed EBFC was optimized and characterized using various electroanalytical techniques. The EBFC consisting of MWCNT-Fc-GOx/GCE anode and Pt-PdNps/PGE cathode exhibits an open circuit potential of 285.0mV and a maximum power density of 32.25µWcm-2 under optimized conditions. The results show that the proposed EBFC consisting of an enzymatic composite-based anode and bimetallic nanozyme-based cathode is a unique design and a promising candidate for detecting glucose while harvesting power from glucose-containing natural or artificial fluids.

Prediction of wear amounts of AZ91 magnesium alloy matrix composites reinforced with ZnO-hBN nanocomposite particles by hybridized GA-SVR model

Prediction of wear amounts of AZ91 magnesium alloy matrix composites reinforced with ZnO-hBN nanocomposite particles by hybridized GA-SVR model

Construction of Yolk@shell Nanocomposite Particles with Controlled Multisized Pore Structures by Monomicelle Confined Assembly.

Hollow nanoparticles with tunable structures and spatial and chemical specificity are considered as promising carriers. However, it remains a formidable challenge to endow hollow nanomaterials with precisely controlled multisized macro/mesoporous structures up to now. This paper demonstrates a "polydopamine (PDA) expansion-shrinkage" strategy combined with a monomicelle interfacial confined assembly method to achieve the highly controllable preparation of a series of yolk@shell PDA@SiO2 composite nanoparticles with structural asymmetry and a tunable multisized pore in the shell. The strategy allows systematic manipulation of the average pore size of large slit pores in the range of 15.4-86.5 nm by adjusting the reaction temperature. Benefiting from advantages such as an asymmetric structure and multilevel porosity, they exhibit excellent performance in the applications of on-demand loading of dual-sized cargoes, dual-propelled nanomotors, and particle size-selected encapsulation and separation. These findings provide inspiration for the construction of asymmetric yolk@shell structures with tunable multisized pores for a wide range of biological and chemical applications.

Development and Characterization of Oxiconazole Loaded Plga Nanogel.

The goal of the current study is to develop and improve polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) loaded with oxiconazole nanogel for topical application. Oxiconazole Nanoprecipitation was used to create the nanoparticles method using PLGA and acetone. The point prediction method served as the foundation for the ideal oxiconazole nanoparticle composition using the Minitab®21 software, three levels two factors (32 ). The optimized composition of oxiconazole nanoparticle showed a particle size of 185 ± 0.5nm with an entrapment efficiency of 95.2 ± 0.09%. Using chitosan, a naturally occurring polymer, the ideal oxiconazole nanoparticle composition was further transformed into a gel formulation. The developed topical nano gel formulation underwent additional evaluations for antifungal, drug release, permeability, and nano gel characterization. The developed oxiconazole nanogel formulation had the ideal drug content, pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The results of the medication release and penetration investigation showed that Oxiconazole released slowly (74.06 ± 0.5%) with significantly enhanced permeation across Franz diffusion cell using membrane. The antifungal ex-vivo study and skin irritancy study of nanogel results would conclude higher activity of oxiconazole nano gel. According to the overall analysis of the data, oxiconazole nanogel is the best delivery method for treating fungal infections on the skin.

Using Hybrid MnO2-Au Nanoflowers to Accelerate ROS Scavenging and Wound Healing in Diabetes

Objectives: Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic wounds are major contributors to chronic wounds and impaired healing, posing significant challenges in regenerative medicine. Developing innovative drug delivery systems is crucial to address these issues by modifying the adverse microenvironment and promoting effective wound healing. Methods: Herein, we designed a novel drug delivery platform using manganese dioxide nanoflower hybridized gold nanoparticle composites (MnO2-Au) synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction, and investigated the potential of MnO2-Au nanoflowers to relieve the high oxidative stress microenvironment and regulate diabetic wound tissue healing. Results: This hybrid material demonstrated superior catalytic activity compared to MnO2 alone, enabling the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and a substantial reduction in ROS levels within dermal fibroblasts. The MnO2-Au nanoflowers also facilitated enhanced dermal fibroblast migration and Col-I expression, which are critical for tissue regeneration. Additionally, a hydrogel-based wound dressing incorporating MnO2-Au nanoflowers was developed, showing its potential as an intelligent drug delivery system. This dressing significantly reduced oxidative stress, accelerated wound closure, and improved the quality of neonatal epithelial tissue regeneration in a diabetic rat skin defect model. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the potential of MnO2-Au nanoflower-based drug delivery systems as a promising therapeutic approach for chronic wound healing, particularly in regenerative medicine.