Nanometer Titanium Research Articles

Evaluation of antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of nano-titanium dioxide coatings prepared by atomic layer deposition for dental titanium abutments

To reduce the adhered bacteria on the dental titanium (Ti) abutments and the risk of peri‑implantitis, an antibacterial nanometer titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) coating was developed by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The effects of the nano-TiO2 coatings on surface characteristics, antibacterial efficacy, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance of Ti abutment materials were investigated. Specifically, the colors of Ti samples were changed from silver-gray to blue, yellow, and purple corresponding to the coating thicknesses were 50 nm, 100 nm, and 150 nm, respectively. Moreover, these coatings with different thicknesses all presented uniform morphologies with anatase TiO2 phases and hydrophobic characteristics. Simultaneously, the prepared coatings exhibited strong antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), which were independent of coating thicknesses. Additionally, Ti substrates coated with 100 nm nano-TiO2 demonstrated exceptional cell compatibility and corrosion resistance. In conclusion, these antibacterial and biocompatible nano-TiO2 coatings prepared by ALD possess great potential in dental aesthetic restorative materials.

Enhanced Bacterial and Biofilm Adhesion Resistance of ALD Nano-TiO2 Coatings Compared to AO Coatings on Titanium Abutments.

The study was intended to compare the surface properties and the bacterial and biofilm adhesion resistance of two potential antibacterial nanometer titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) coatings on dental titanium (Ti) abutments prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the anodic oxidation (AO) techniques. Nano-TiO₂ coatings were developed using ALD and AO techniques and applied to Ti surfaces. The surface properties and the bacterial and biofilm adhesion resistance of these coatings were evaluated against commonly used Ti and Zirconia (ZrO₂) surfaces. The chemical compositions, crystalline forms, surface topography, roughness and hydrophilicity were characterized. The antibacterial performance was assessed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the Colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using in vitro models of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in both single- and mixed-species bacterial compositions. ALD-prepared nano-TiO₂ coatings resulted in a dense, smooth, and less hydrophilic surface with an anatase phase, significantly reducing the adhesion of the three bacteria by over 50%, comparable to ZrO₂. In contrast, AO-prepared coatings led to a less hydrophilic surface, characterized by various nano-sized pores within the oxide film. This alteration, however, had no impact on the adhesion of the three bacteria. The adhesion patterns for mixed-species bacteria were generally consistent with single-species results. ALD-prepared nano-TiO₂ coatings on Ti abutments demonstrated promising antibacterial properties comparable to ZrO₂ surfaces, suggesting potential in preventing peri-implantitis. However, the bacterial and biofilm adhesion resistance of AO-produced nano-TiO₂ coatings was limited.

Retracted: Photocatalyst and Decoration Design in Indoor Public Spaces Based on the Photocatalytic Function of Nanometer Titanium Dioxide

Retracted: Photocatalyst and Decoration Design in Indoor Public Spaces Based on the Photocatalytic Function of Nanometer Titanium Dioxide

Carbonized titanium dioxide with good adsorption properties for cationic dyes via simple heat treatment.

With the development of modern industry, the discharge of dye wastewater is increasing year by year, and the damage caused by this wastewater to the ecosystem is often irreversible. Therefore, the research on the harmless treatment of dyes has attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, commercial titanium dioxide (anatase nanometer titanium dioxide) was heat treated with anhydrous ethanol to synthesize titanium carbide (C/TiO2). Its maximum adsorption capacity for cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B is 27.3 and 124.6 mg g-1, respectively, which is much higher than that of pure TiO2. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm model of C/TiO2 were studied and characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and other methods. The results show that the carbon layer on the surface of C/TiO2 promotes the increase in surface hydroxyl groups, which is the main reason for the increase in MB adsorption. Compared with other adsorbents, C/TiO2 showed excellent reusability. The experimental results of adsorbent regeneration showed that the adsorption rate R% of MB was almost unchanged after three cycles. During the recovery of C/TiO2, the dyes adsorbed on its surface are removed, which solves the problem that the adsorbent cannot degrade dyes simply by adsorption. Additionally, C/TiO2 has a stable adsorption effect, is insensitive to the pH value, has a simple preparation process, and has relatively low raw material prices, making it suitable for large-scale operation. Therefore, it has good commercial prospects in the organic dye industry wastewater treatment.

A non-targeted metabolomics study on serum of occupational people exposed with nanometer titanium dioxide particles (TiO(2)-NPs)

Objective: To study the changes of serum metabolic profile of occupational people exposed with nanometer titanium dioxide particles (TiO(2)-NPs), and to explore the biomarkers and injury mechanism of TiO(2)-NPs health effects. Methods: From June 2020 to June 2021, a TiO(2)-NPs production enterprise was selected as the research site by a typical sampling method, 64 people in the TiO(2)-NPs exposure group were selected from the enterprise, and 62 people of the logistics administrative staff in the same enterprise were selected as the control group, and blood samples were collected using non-anticoagulant blood collection tubes. After the samples were methanol-precipitated, the untargeted metabolomic data was collected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and biomarkers were screened and metabolic pathway analysis was performed. Results: 46 different metabolites were screened out by P<0.05 and variable importance projection index (VIP) value >1, mainly including glycerides, sphingomyelin, glycerophospholipid, fatty acyl, etc.; By ROC analysis to determine 3-hydroxy-4, 5-dimethyl-2 (5H) - furanone, 4-aminobiphenyl, heptanoylcarnitine, Hexadecanedioic acid mono-L-carnitine ester, Ibutilide, LysoPA (18∶1 (9Z) /0∶0), LysoPC (18∶0), PC (16∶0/16∶0), PC (16∶0/20: 4 (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z) ), PC (P-18∶1 (9Z) /P-18∶1 (9Z) ) 10 candidate biomarkers; involving changes in 4 metabolic pathways, namely glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan acid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to TiO(2)-NPs has a significant impact on serum metabolic profiles.

Green production of titanium dioxide nanometric particles through electrolytic anodic dissolution of titanium metal

Nanometric titanium derivatives such as hydroxide and dioxide compounds have a great attention because they are significant industrial material of commercial importance and applications in photocatalyst, semiconductors, and wastewater treatment. The present investigation gives the results of anodic dissolution preparation of titanium hydroxide nanometric particles followed by calcination for complete conversion to nanometric titanium dioxide product. The optimum conditions for the anodic dissolution of titanium metal were pH 4, C.D. 65 mA/cm2, 25 °C, 150 rpm, electrode gap distance 3 cm, and NaCl 3 g/l for electrolysis time 240 min and thermally calcinated at 600 °C for 240 min., to reach complete conversion to anatase titanium dioxide nanopowder of main particles size of 77 nm with major percentage of 70%. Chemical and physical characterizations were carried out for evaluation of the obtained products including transmission electron microscope, EDX, XRD, and the scanning advanced electronic diffraction pattern. Preliminary economic indicators were calculated to show that the capital cost of the plant is $1.613 million, with annual operating cost of $0.915 million which means the required investment is $2.528 million. The operating cost for the production of nanometric anatase TiO2 is $30.5/kg with depreciation excluding the land price.

Photocatalyst and Decoration Design in Indoor Public Spaces Based on the Photocatalytic Function of Nanometer Titanium Dioxide

The process of decorating interior spaces often produces substances that are harmful to the human body, which seriously spoils the decorating experience. Photocatalyst is the oxidant of nanometer titanium dioxide. It cannot be oxidized by itself. This article aims to discuss photocatalysts and interior and exterior design. When there is light in the room, the photocatalyst will fully integrate with the light, which has a strong catalytic and degrading effect. This can degrade indoor formaldehyde and other pollutants while also having a sterilization effect. The principle of the photocatalyst is to absorb ultraviolet rays in light. When impurities appear in the air, they are destroyed by the photocatalyst, and the impurities are converted into substances that are harmless to the human body. We tested the formaldehyde and SO2 content in the room after the photocatalysis of titanium dioxide, and analyzed the photocatalyst and decoration design in indoor public spaces. The research results showed that the effect of the photocatalyst is about 20% better than the traditional explanation. Functionally, it can deodorize toilets, garbage, etc., and the effect is very obvious.

Degrading methyl orange via prepare high dispersed TiO2/Al2O3 photocatalyst by combining anodizing and hydro-thermal technology

To improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium oxide, nanometer titanium oxide powder was mixed with a phosphoric acid solution to form an electrolyte for preparing TiO2/Al2O3 coating on the surface of an aluminum alloy. Hydrothermal technology has been used to adjust the crystalline structure of nanometer titanium oxide. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the micromorphology of anodic coating before and after treatment using hydrothermal technology. Results indicated that the photocatalyst had a porous structure. Energy dispersive spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm that titanium oxide was dispersed in the coating. The photocatalyst was used to degrade the methyl orange solution, and its absorbance before and after treatment by catalyst was tested by UV–vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that methyl orange could be degraded when the doping amount of titanium oxide is 8 g/l for 100 min.

Tribological Behavior and Wear Mechanism of Ni-Nano TiO2 Composite Sintered Material at Room Temperature and 600 °C

In the present work, Ni-10 wt.%TiO2 self-lubricating composite sinters were prepared via a powder metallurgy. Commercially available powder of nickel and non-commercial nanometric titanium dioxide (approx. 30 nm size) produced by the microwave method was used. The produced sinters were characterized by evenly distributed TiO2 particles in a nickel matrix and a hardness of approx. 110 HV5. Pin-on-disc wear tests at room temperature and 600 °C were carried out. Light Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the wear mechanism of sintered materials. The coefficient of friction of the Ni-10 wt.% TiO2—Inconel®625 friction pair tested at room temperature was approx. 0.52. At the test temperature of 600 °C, the same friction pair had a friction coefficient of 0.35. The main wear mechanisms in dry friction conditions at 23 °C were cutting and ploughing. At the test temperature of 600 °C, formation of tribofilm on the surfaces of the friction pair was observed, which reduces the wear by friction.

The Effects of Nanometer Titanium Dioxide on Tumor Cells and in Rats with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

A drug delivery system based on nanomaterials has demonstrated a powerful function in disease treatment. In this study, a titanium-dioxide-nanotube-based cisplatin (nano-TiO2-DDP) delivery system was designed, and its effects in rats with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and on tumor cells were analyzed. First, we obtained electrochemistry anodic oxidation (EAO) for the preparation of Nnano-TiO2, which was adopted as the carrier of cisplatin (CDDP). Then, we used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to characterize and study the surface morphology of nano-TiO2. At the cellular level, flow cytometry, MTT, and Transwell assays were performed to analyze the apoptosis, proliferation, and invasion of cells treated by nano-TiO2-DDP, respectively. At the animal level, a xenotransplantation model was established for evaluating tumor growth and changes in experimental animals after injection of nano-TiO2-DDP. As a result, nano-TiO2-DDP strongly suppressed the invasion and vitality of tumor cells, induced their apoptosis, and delivered DDP more efficiently than did systems without a nano-TiO2 structure. In addition, injected nano-TiO2-DDP strongly inhibited the growth of solid tumors in vivo. Therefore, we believe that nano-TiO2-DDP can effectively suppress the growth of NPC, and it is more efficient than conventional drugs.

Laser Modification of Titanium Film in Optical Waveguides on Lithium Niobate Substrates

It is shown that laser modification of a nanometer titanium film can be used for precise control of the loss level in optical waveguides on lithium niobate substrates. Theoretical estimates of the change in linear losses at the level of 0.95 dB/mm were confirmed by experiments on local laser modification using radiation at a wavelength of 976 nm with a threshold intensity of 1 kW/mm2. The proposed method can be effectively used for precision adjustment of the characteristics of integrated optical devices, such as the modulation contrast of Mach–Zehnder modulators.

The Application of Preparation of Titanium Dioxide by Microwave Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Yu, Z.; Wang, W.X.; Gao, H., and Liang, D.X., 2020. The application of preparation of titanium dioxide by microwave technology for water and wastewater treatment. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 297-301. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.To solve the problems of agglomeration and low efficiency caused by heating in the traditional preparation of titanium dioxide, in this research, nanometer Titanium is prepared by microwave technology. First of all, the experimental materials, the equipment needed for the experiment, and the principles and characteristics of microwave technology are introduced in this study. The results show that the mesoporous titanium dioxide prepared by microwave technology in this research not only has a rough surface, but also has a large surface area and pore volume.

Dielectric and space charge characteristics of nano-modified liquid silicone rubber for high-voltage DC cable accessories

In order to solve the problem of space charge accumulation in high-voltage DC cable accessories, nanometer titanium dioxide (TiO2) doping method is used to improve the space charge performance of liquid silicone rubber (LSR). Conductivity, dielectric spectrum and DC breakdown field strength, space charge distribution, and the trap level distribution of nano-TiO2/LSR composite samples were tested in this paper. With the increase of the doping concentration of nanoparticles, the DC conductivity increased, and the DC breakdown field strength decreased. The er of the TiO2/LSR composite sample increased with the increase in the doping concentration of nano-TiO2. As the frequency increased, tanδ decreased first in the low-frequency region and then increased in the high frequency. When the electric field strength increases from 10 to 20 kV/mm, the same polarity charges appear near the upper and lower electrodes of the sample, and the space charge accumulation doubled. After the addition of nano-TiO2, under the two electric field strengths, the space charge accumulation of 4 wt%-TiO2/LSR composite materials decreased by 24.55 nc and 81.03 nc, respectively. The trap energy level of the 4 wt% nano-TiO2 composites becomes smaller, and shallow traps are introduced, it was verified that the addition of 4 wt% nano-TiO2 particles reduced the space charge inside the composite sample and achieved the effect of suppressing space charge.

Excess capacity on compound phases of Li2FeTiO4 composite cathode materials synthesized by hydrothermal reaction using optional titanium sources to boost battery performance

Li2FeTiO4 composites have been produced using commercial LiAC, FeCl2 and different titanium sources by hydrothermal synthesis (HS) at 175 °C and subsequent annealing at 700 °C. Impure phase TiO2, Fe2O3 and FeTiO4 were detected out among the Li2FeTiO4 composites with different titanium sources. Micron and nano-sized particles of Li2FeTiO4 were prepared from various titanium raw materials, with nano-sized particles predominating when titanium raw materials were layered hydrogen titanate nanowire (H2Ti3O7NW, HTO-NW) and titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO2NB). The Li2FeTiO4 composites synthesized by HTO-NW shows a primary particle size of 50−200 nm of high crystallinity staggered with undissolved nanowire with a diameter size of about 100 nm. The samples using one-dimensional nanometer titanium oxide (TiO2 NB) as the raw material can get a super high initial discharge capacity of 367.8 mAh/g at the rate of C/10 and excellent cycling stability. The selection of raw materials and adopting multi-phase modification can be considered as an effective strategy to improve the electro-chemical properties of Li2FeTiO4 composite cathode materials for the lithium secondary battery.

Preparation and characterization of urea/ammonia bromide composite phase change material

In order to find phase change materials that can be better applied in the field of solar collectors, the phase change heat storage properties of urea (U) and ammonium bromide (AB) were studied. The eutectic ratio of UAB was found by the Edison method, and different additives were added to UAB by dipping and mixing. The structure and property of the composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and TG/TGA, respectively. The results showed that the eutectic ratio of UAB was 6:3; it was weakly acidic after melting not layered. When 6-wt% EG and 1-wt% nanometer titanium dioxide (TiO2) were added, the thermal conductivity of the material increased by 3.62 times; the thermal diffusivity was increased by 6.77 times. When the mass fraction of EG is between 1% and 6%, the larger the mass fraction of EG, the greater the thermal conductivity of the material. After 1000 cycles, the composite material performance was stable; at the same time, the used materials can be used as fertilizers to solve the problem of material pollution, which indicated that the prepared UAB/TiO2/EG composite PCMs had great application prospect in the field of solar collectors.

Nanocrystalline TiO2 film with different additives for high performance dye sensitized solar cells

This work is centered on the study of the internal electrochemical variables of a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), using characterization techniques such as: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and numerical modeling of the process, in order to obtain a deeper knowledge of the internal behavior of the solar cell. In this way, it was possible to evaluate loss of recombination, transportation and loss for resistance in series as a function of the intensity of illumination, as well as identifying degradation mechanisms. The experimental development consists in the construction, characterization and modeling of DSSC based on the nanometric titanium dioxide semiconductor. Three different behaviors were studied; (1) Effect of different forms of deposits of titanium oxide nanostructures, (2) evaluation of the influence of solvents (acetonitrile, ionic liquid) and (3) observing the behavior of additives (4-tert-butylpiridine 96%, Lithium), with the intention of determine which of them sensitizes most efficiently the titanium dioxide. The results indicate that the variables studied show a complex system in which optimal interaction between components, semiconductor, dye and electrolyte must be conducted for a good performance and stability.

Nanometer Titanium Dioxide Mediated High Efficiency Photodegradation of Fluazifop-p-Butyl.

The widespread use of fluazifop-p-butyl (FPB) contributes to its presence in the environment. Considering the ecological risks of FPB residues in the environment, the anatase nanometer titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) mediated photocatalytic degradation of FPB was studied by smearing FPB and nano-TiO2 together on a glass plane; illumination, trimethylsilane derivatization of photolysis products, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantitative analysis and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) identification were used. Results showed that the first order dynamic model could describe the photodegradation of FPB by nano-TiO2 mediated, and the photodegradation and photosensitization rates were found to be positively correlated with the dose of nano-TiO2 at lower dose ranges. It is noticeable that a strong photosensitization effect was exhibited on degradation of FPB, not only under high-pressure mercury lamps, but also simulated sunlight (xenon lamp light). Ultimately, twelve main photolytic products were reasonably speculated, whilst five photolysis pathways were proposed. These results together suggest that nano-TiO2 can be used as an effective photosensitizer to accelerate FPB photolysis.

Removal effect on stormwater runoff pollution of porous concrete treated with nanometer titanium dioxide

Development of the cities is facing many problems; one of them is runoff water pollution. On the other hand, some technologies have been applied to remove water pollution such as the photocatalytic effect method using nano-titanium dioxide (nTiO2). That technology exhibited a significant effect to remove various pollutants from runoff water. The use of nTiO2 on porous concrete (TPC) considers a new technology, which is effective and clean technology to deal with the non-point source pollution. In this paper, the permeability, mechanical properties and water purification capacity of using that technology have been investigated to analyze the environmental effect of TPC. In addition, this study tested the environmental impact using zebrafish aquatic toxicity and alkali dissolution experimentally. Moreover, the photocatalytic oxidation reaction of TPC is exploited to detect the purification effects of three typical pollutants, i.e., methylene blue, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen. At the same time, three different application methods with three different concentrations of nTiO2 have been utilized in the porous concrete to obtain the optimum value. The removal effectiveness in pollutants is also measured, moreover the purification durability effectiveness is tested. After culturing the zebrafish embryos in the leachate of porous concrete with nTiO2, the hatching rate was 91.7%, which proved that this technology has little aquatic toxicity to organism and environment. The capacity of pollutants removing was effective and reached up to 60%-90%. Besides, porous concrete treated by nTiO2 that was placed in actual weather for a month showed a half reduction in water purification effect.

Photodegradation of Polyethylene

Through the synthesis using FT - IR showed stearic acid iron (FeSt3) photosensitizer. The photosensitizer and the preparation of nanometer titanium dioxide (TiO2) homemade photocatalytic degradation of thin film, through artificial accelerated ultraviolet aging degradation test, determine the containing photosensitizer, the mechanical properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) film, FT - IR spectra and adhesion are the change of relative molecular weight. The result is: the iron stearate in low density polyethylene has strong photocatalytic degradation, and the content is higher, the stronger the photo catalysis. Nanometer titanium dioxide can delay the degradation of low density polyethylene induction period, and as its content increases, the more obvious effect.

Syntheses, structural characterization and photophysical properties of two series of rare-earth-isonicotinic-acid containing Waugh-type manganomolybdates

Two classes of rare-earth-organic-containing Waugh-type manganomolybdates (NH4)8{[RE(Hina)(ina)(H2O)2][MnIVMo9O32]}2·12H2O [RE = La3+ (1), Pr3+ (2), Nd3+ (3)] and (NH4)3[RE(Hina)2(H2O)6][MnIVMo9O32]·7H2O [RE = Sm3+ (4), Eu3+ (5), Gd3+ (6), Tb3+ (7), Dy3+ (8), Ho3+ (9), Er3+ (10), Tm3+ (11), Yb3+ (12), Y3+ (13)] (Hina = isonicotinic acid) were prepared by means of a step-by-step synthetic strategy and further characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, UV-visible spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction indicates that 1–3 consist of an organic–inorganic hybrid dimeric {[RE(Hina)(ina)(H2O)2][MnIVMo9O32]}28− core constituted by two [MnMo9O32]6− units linked via a dinuclear {[RE(Hina)(ina)(H2O)2]2}4+ cation whereas 4–13 are composed of an organic–inorganic hybrid [RE(Hina)2(H2O)6]3+ fragment and one [MnMo9O32]6− polyoxoanion. It should be pointed out that the nature of RE cations controls these two structure types. As far as we know, 1–13 represent the first examples of Waugh-type manganomolybdates including rare-earth-organic subunits so far. Furthermore, their photocatalytic activities for the degradation of azophloxine were probed in aqueous medium and 3 and 8 as representatives were systematically investigated involving the influence of the optimal pH, catalyst dosage and the doping amount of VK-TA18 nanometer titanium dioxide on the photocatalytic activities. The solid-state photoluminescence properties and lifetime decay behaviors of 3, 4 and 5 in UV-visible or near-infrared regions were also examined at ambient temperature.