The investigation of novel electronic phases in low-dimensional quantum materials demands for the concurrent development of new measurement techniques that combine surface sensitivity with high spatial resolution and high measurement accuracy. We propose a new quantum sensing imaging modality based on superconducting charge qubits to study dissipative charge carrier dynamics with nanometer spatial and high temporal resolution. Using analytical and numerical calculations we show that superconducting charge qubit microscopy (SCQM) has the potential to resolve temperature and resistivity changes in a sample as small as $\Delta T\leq0.1\;$mK and $\Delta\rho\leq1\cdot10^{4} \,\Omega\cdot$cm, respectively. Among other applications, SCQM will be especially suited to study the microscopic mechanisms underlying interaction driven quantum phase transitions, to investigate the boundary modes found in novel topological insulators and, in a broader context, to visualize the dissiaptive charge carrier dynamics occurring in mesoscopic and nanoscale devices.