Nanometric Oxide Research Articles

Novel nano magnesium oxide modified hybrid emulsion for antimicrobial coating

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an inorganic-organic hybrid emulsion polymer using grafted hyperbranched alkyd modified with nanometal oxide and to study the performance of the developed hybrid emulsion in paint formulation with respect to antimicrobial and other properties. Design/methodology/approach A novel hybrid emulsion polymer was synthesized by grafting of vinyl acetate (VAM), vinyl ester of versatic acid (VeoVa 10) monomers onto hyperbranched alkyd resin and incorporation of nano magnesium oxide (MgO) into the hybrid resin matrix during dispersion of resin in water. Subsequently, paint was prepared by using this hybrid emulsion followed by a performance study. Findings The performance of nano MgO modified into VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd resulted in unique properties of coating especially antimicrobial activity. Research limitations/implications In the present study, soya fatty acid, polyol and di basic acid have been used to prepare hyperbranched alkyd by condensation polymerization. Monomers like VAM and VeoVa 10 used for grafting onto hyperbranched alkyd and nano MgO have been incorporated into hybrid resin matrix during emulsification of hybrid resin in water. Practical implications Grafting of VAM and VeoVa 10 onto hyperbranched alkyd along with in situ incorporation of nano MgO in resin matrix is an effective technique to achieve excellent coating properties. Originality/value Nano MgO modified VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd-based hybrid emulsion can be used as binder in water-based metal primer, direct to metal (DTM) coating as well as topcoat application. The developed system has antimicrobial properties as well as superior mechanical properties.

Semi-Industrial Preparation of Biologically Active dyed fabrics Treated with Nano-metal oxides Impart them Multiple Functions for use in Potential Medical Approaches: Chemical and Bio-Treatment of Wastewater of Dyeing baths Effluents in an Environmentally Safe Manner

Semi-Industrial Preparation of Biologically Active dyed fabrics Treated with Nano-metal oxides Impart them Multiple Functions for use in Potential Medical Approaches: Chemical and Bio-Treatment of Wastewater of Dyeing baths Effluents in an Environmentally Safe Manner

The Optimal Doping Ratio of Fe2O3 for Enhancing the Electrochemical Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 for Energy Storage Devices

This paper aims to discover a novel composite material that has great potential for manufacturing high-performance supercapacitors suitable for diverse applications, such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, and stationary energy storage systems. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) doped by different concentrations up to 5 wt.% of nanosized Fe2O3 have been prepared (ZIF-8/Fe2O3). The effect of doping ratio 1, 3, and 5 wt.% on the structural and electrochemical properties of ZIF-8/Fe2O3 has been investigated. The structural characterization has been carried out using TGA, BET, XRD, and FTIR. The XRD analysis revealed that the crystalline size of our sample increased by approximately 16% as a result of doping ZIF-8 with 5 wt.% of Fe2O3. The structural analysis of the doped samples revealed that the material exhibited enhanced thermal stability and porosity, with an increase of approximately 105 m2/g. The introduction of doped nanometal oxides improved the capacitance value of ZIF-8 by significantly increasing its surface area. Additionally, the electron transport efficiency within ZIF-8/5 wt.% Fe2O3/electrode is increased. The Nyquist plot decreases as the doping of Fe2O3 increases. This indicates a decrease in the charge transfer resistance at the electrode–electrolyte interface, which is desired in applications such as batteries, fuel cells, or electrochemical sensors where faster electron transfer is needed for improved performance.

Sustainable removal of organic pollutants using biochar based ZnO composites: Experimental and theoretical studies of remediation process

The tailoring of biochar to enhance its remediation efficiency for removal of pollutants from water has been a hot topic these days. Fabricating two different biochar materials using metal oxide nano particles in four ratios has been done in this work. The synthesized materials have been characterized by XRD, surface functional groups were analyzed using FTIR and XPS, band gap calculation were carried out using Tauc's method, recombination of charges was studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy, morphological, textural properties and elemental analysis was done using SEM, BET, TGA, EIS and EDX analysis. The removal of organic pollutants including phenol, dibutyl phthalate and gallic acid up to 91.6 %, 84 % and 95 % was observed employing these composites. The band gap reduction from 3.1 eV to 2.5 eV and 2.8 eV was observed in case of ZW(1–10) and ZP(1–10) respectively. The formation of Zn-O-C bond in the composite could be possible reasons for the band gap reduction and excellent performance exhibited by the composite. The results highlight the influence of functional groups on the efficiency of synthesized material. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using Gaussian16 software to propose the adsorption mechanism for the observed results. The energy calculation for different binding modes were carried out. Theoretical findings agreed with the empirically demonstrated remediation mechanism.

Facile and an efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles promoted by transition metal oxide nano catalyst

The advantages and an efficient path way of process for 2-arylbenzoxazole can be obtained by transition metal oxide Nano catalyst. The transition metal nano TiO2 catalysed and a tandem reaction between substituted 2-aminophenols and substituted aromatic aldehydes to produces scaffold series of 15 smoothly forming benzo heterocycles with good to excellent yields (80-94%). The synthesized benzoxazole compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy. This article describes a one-stage coupling technique that provides a unique way to access variously functionalized benzoxazole scaffolds. This methodology consists of a one-pot combination of condensation followed by oxidative addition reactions. It was shown that nano TiO2 in ethanol encouraged the formation of 2-aryl benzoxazole scaffolds and this catalyst quickly boosted the cascade reaction that produced a variety of collections of named derivatives. These protocols are atom-economic, efficient, reusable and modular means of accessing restricted named derivatives that have a substantial substrate tolerance and over ten points of diversity.

Tailoring Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Inconel 625 by Remelting Strategy in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

This study investigates the effect of laser power applied for a remelting scan in the laser powder bed fusion process on the formation of a bimodal microstructure and its impact on the mechanical properties of Ni-based Inconel 625 superalloy. Comparison of primary and remelting scans at similar surface energy densities revealed that the melt pools obtained in the remelting scan are smaller than in the primary scan. To achieve comparable remelted melt pool sizes, the 25 pct increase in energy is required. The shape and size of the remelted melt pools significantly affect the microstructure and material texture. The lower surface energy density in laser powder bed fusion favors the formation of a bimodal microstructure with large columnar grains and fine grain bands. Application of higher energy results in the formation of large columnar grains with Goss texture along build direction and separated by a large amount of low angle grain boundaries. Remelting scan also affects reduction of porosity and increasing of the area fraction of nanometric oxide inclusions. The study revealed that the samples subjected to a remelting laser scan and tensile tested along the direction of columnar grains exhibited higher ductility, which was associated with a slight decrease in the ultimate tensile strength compared to the samples that were not remelted. It was demonstrated that the remelting scan in the laser powder bed fusion process offers the possibility of improving the reliability of additively manufactured Inconel 625 superalloy by reducing porosity and tailoring its microstructure towards single-crystal-like, and thus improving the mechanical properties.Graphical

Significance of non-DLVO interactions on the co-transport of levofloxacin and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in porous media

With the application of engineered nanomaterials and antibiotics in the fields of medicine, aerospace, new energy and agriculture, the associated contamination is detected widely in soil-groundwater systems. It is of great scientific and practical significance to deeply explore the environmental interface process between nanoparticles and antibiotics for the scientific assessment of environmental fate and ecological environmental risks, as well as the development of new composite pollution control technologies. In this study, the co-transport behaviors of positively charged titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and negatively charged levofloxacin (LEV) in quartz sand (QS) are investigated in this study. The results show that TiO2-NPs hardly flow out when transported alone in the column because of its positive charge, which creates a strong attraction with the negatively charged quartz sand on the surface. When TiO2-NPs co-migrate with LEV in porous media, the presence of LEV promotes the transport of TiO2-NPs, while the presence of TiO2-NPs inhibits LEV transport. Non-XDLVO interactions based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can help explain the observed promotion and inhibition phenomena as well as the correlation between TiO2-NPs and LEV. The results indicate that TiO2-LEV complexes or aggregates can be formed during the co-transportation process of TiO2-NPs and LEV in porous media. As flow velocity increases from 0.204 cm min−1 to 1.630 cm min−1, both the transport capacities of TiO2-NPs and LEV are enhanced significantly. Under the condition of high citric acid (CA) concentration (15 mmol L−1), the transport capacity of TiO2-NPs is slightly inhibited, while the transport capacity of LEV is enhanced. This study provides new insights into the transport of nanometallic oxides and antibiotics in porous media, which suggests that non-XDLVO interactions should be considered together when assessing the environmental risks and fate of nanometallic oxides and antibiotics in soil-groundwater systems.

Effect of ionic liquid modified indium tin oxide as additive on tribological properties of grease

This study investigates the formulation of composite lubricating greases by incorporating SnO2, ITO, and ATO nanoparticles as additives into a polyurea base grease with excellent additive sensitivity, aiming to explore the physicochemical and tribological properties of the composite lubricating greases. Additionally, two categories of three different ionic liquids were selected to modify the nano metal oxides, and the modified powders were characterized to investigate the tribological properties and conductivity of the polyurea grease after incorporating the ionically modified nano metal oxides. The experimental results demonstrate that the nano metal oxides, when used as lubricating grease additives, can form stable boundary lubrication films, exhibiting excellent anti-wear and anti-friction properties. The ionic liquid-modified nano metal oxides exhibit outstanding anti-friction and anti-wear properties, along with increased conductivity. Particularly, the use of lactate-based ionic liquid for modifying nano metal oxides shows superior degradation, anti-friction, anti-wear, and conductivity properties, holding promising prospects for various applications.

Metal-Organic Frameworks-Derived Nanocarbon Materials and Nanometal Oxides for Photocatalytic Applications.

Harnessing low-density solar energy and converting it into high-density chemical energy through photocatalysis has emerged as a promising avenue for the production of chemicals and remediation of environmental pollution, which contributes to alleviating the overreliance on fossil fuels. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained widespread application in the field of photocatalysis due to their photostability, tunable structures, and responsiveness in the visible light range. However, most MOFs exhibit relatively low response to light, limiting their practical applications. MOFs-derived nanomaterials not only retain the inherent advantages of pristine MOFs but also show enhanced light adsorption and responsiveness. This review categorizes and summarizes MOFs-derived nanomaterials, including nanocarbons and nanometal oxides, providing representative examples for the synthetic strategies of each category. Subsequently, the recent research progress on MOFs-derived materials in photocatalytic applications are systematically introduced, specifically in the areas of photocatalytic water splitting to H2, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and photocatalytic water treatment. The corresponding mechanisms involved in each photocatalytic reaction are elaborated in detail. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and further directions faced by MOFs-derived nanomaterials in the field of photocatalysis, highlighting their potential role in advancing sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.

Evaluation of shielding properties of a developed nanocomposite from intercalated attapulgite clay by Cd/Pb oxides nanoparticles

The study investigated new nanocomposites’ γ-ray and neutron shielding properties based on raw attapulgite, a clay matrix intercalated with different weight percentages of mixed nano metal oxides CdO and PbO. The various percentages were as follows: (100–2x)% Attapulgite + x%CdO + x%PbO, abbreviated as (AT100–2x CdxPb x ), where x = 5, 10, 15%. The nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and EDX, confirming their successful preparation. SEM images revealed that the mixed oxide nanoparticles were successfully intercalated into the layers of attapulgite clay, with an average particle size of approximately 31.46 nm. The bulk densities of the prepared nanocomposites were measured to be in the range of 2.034 to 2.555 g/cm3. GEANT4 simulations were employed to evaluate the nanocomposites’ γ-ray and neutron shielding performance in the photon energy range of 0.015 to 15 MeV. Phys-X code was used for verification. The simulation results showed a maximum difference of approximately 9.5% between GEANT4 and Phys-X predictions. To assess the γ-ray shielding performance, various shielding parameters were calculated at selected photon energies. The μ m values ranged from 4.589 to 0.020 cm2.g−1, 6.311 to 0.021 cm2.g−1, 8.350 to 0.022 cm2.g−1 and 10.804 to 0.023 cm2.g−1 for raw attapulgite, AT90Pb5Cd5, AT80Pb10Cd10, AT70Pb15Cd15 across the photon energy range. The AT70Pb15Cd15 nanocomposite exhibited the highest μ m , Z eff , Z eq , and the lowest T 1/2, T 1/10, and MFP values. Notably, it also demonstrated the highest FNRCS (approximately 0.1 cm−1). These findings suggest that clay-based nanocomposites represent a new class of low-cost, locally available advanced materials with potential applications in γ-ray and neutron shielding characteristics.

Mitigation of hazardous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide emissions using carbon based nanometal oxides adsorbents

Mitigation of hazardous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide emissions using carbon based nanometal oxides adsorbents

Exploiting of Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Potentiometric Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Products.

The advanced and highly functional properties of Al2O3 and NiO nanoparticles promote the widespread use of metal oxides as remarkable electroactive materials for sensing and electrochemical applications. The proposed study describes a comparison of the sensitivity and selectivity of two modified wire membrane sensors enriched with Al2O3 and NiO nanoparticles with conventional wire membranes for the quantification of the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride (MTF). The results show linear relationships of the enriched Al2O3 and NiO nanosensors over the concentration ranges 1.0 × 10-10-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and 1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-2 M for both the modified sensors and the conventional coated wire membrane sensors. The regression equations were EmV = (52.1 ± 0.5) log (MTF) + 729 for enriched nanometallic oxides, EmV = (57.04 ± 0.4) log (MTF) + 890.66, and EmV = (58.27 ± 0.7) log (MTF) + 843.27 with correlation coefficients of 0.9991, 0.9997, and 0.9998 for the aforementioned sensors, respectively. The proposed method was fully validated with respect to the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The newly functionalized sensors have been successfully used for the determination of MTF in its commercial products.

Evaluating nano-metal oxide mixed matrix membranes for whey protein separation using hybrid intelligent optimization learning

Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes offer cost-efficient and sustainable techniques for the extraction of whey protein in cheese whey wastewater. This strategy substantially aids in waste minimization and fosters the progression of a circular economy paradigm within the dairy industry. The emerging discipline of machine learning has benefited UF by enhancing the separation performance and deepening the filtration mechanism. In this study, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) coupled chemometric learning was implemented for the performance evaluation of whey protein recovery in nano metal oxide embedded mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) UF from whey wastewater. The selected input variables are nano metal oxides concentration (NC), pore radius (S), and contact angle (CA). The targeted responses for the parametric dependency analysis are individual whey protein permeability (lysozyme (PLys), lactalbumin (PLA) and bovine serum albumin (PBSA)) and protein rejection (%) (lysozyme (RLys), lactalbumin (RLA) and bovine serum albumin (RBSA)). The Jarque-Bera indicated that the input variables did not deviate from normality, and S and CA have significantly influenced the whey protein rejection and permeability. ANFIS models demonstrate superior predictive capabilities with minimal error for flux under various transmembrane pressure (TMP) in MMMs due to their inherent gradient descent optimization. Among the proteins, a Pearson correlation coefficient approaching unity denotes a significant positive relationship between lysozyme flux (FLys). The ANFIS models exhibited excellent predictive performance in real-time cheese whey effluent flux and rejection data, achieving a mean square error of 0.0003 for experimental flux. This study provides valuable insights for the development of models tailored to small datasets, offering a foundation for predicting and enhancing membrane performance.

XRD and UV–Vis studies of cellulose acetate film blended with different concentrations of nano-metal oxide

Molybdenum Trioxide nanoparticle (MoO3-NPs) was introduced to Cellulose acetate (CA) biopolymer with different concentration using casting process by dispersed MoO3-NPs [0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 wt%]. Molecular structure of samples has been studied using XRD and UV–Vis. the data shown by X-ray results indicated the amorphous nature of the pure polymer. Some peaks are appeared as a result of the addition of MoO3-NPs which indicate that samples were partially crystallized. The crystallite size of nano-metal oxide was calculated for blended samples by Size–Strain Plot method which was found to increase with increasing the concentration of MoO3. UV–Vis results indicate that there exist two indirect energy band gaps; Onset band gap which observed to decreases from 1.3 eV for pure polymer to 0.78 eV for polymer blended with 1.0 wt% MoO3-NPs and HOMO–LOMO band gap which observed to decrease from 3.23 eV for pure polymer to 2.89 eV for polymer blended with 1.0 wt% MoO3-NPs. This indicate that the addition of nano-metal oxide improve the optical conduction of CA. Urbach energy was observed to increase with increasing MoO3-NPs from 0.27 eV for pure CA to 0.32 eV for 1.0 wt% MoO3-NPs concentration which may be occurred due to the creation localized states at the band gap as a result of the addition of MoO3-Nps.

RF sputtered metal oxide layers as ARCs to improve photovoltaic performance of commercial monocrystalline solar cell

The rf-sputtered ZnO, MgO and Al2O3 transition metal oxide nano layers were developed as efficient antireflection coatings (ARCs) on commercial monocrystalline silicon (m-Si) photovoltaic cells. Wavelength dependence reflectance measurements show minimal reflectance (i.e., ∼1.3–2.0%) between 350 and 800 nm wavelength regions affirming antireflection behavior of oxide layers. The phase formation studies of these oxide layers display the crystalline phase however the presence of non-crystalline phase is noted in Al2O3 diffractogram pattern. Cross section microstructure characterization carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to know the ARC layer thickness illustrates MgO, ZnO and Al2O3 layers with coating thickness around 85 nm, 87 nm and 77 nm respectively. Also, the thickness of antireflection coatings computed using wavelength dependent refractive index measurement is consistent with cross section microstructure images. Photon to energy conversion (PEC) of ARC coated device under 1 sun condition display 1.99%, 1.07% and 0.39% improvement in efficiencies compared with commercial m-Si-solar cell endorsing suitability of selected transition metal oxides as efficient ARC materials. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements show notable improvement in efficiency for MgO, ZnO and Al2O3 coated devices reaffirming their usability as efficient ARC materials on commercial m-Si-solar cells.

Effects of nano-metal oxide additives on ignition and combustion properties of MICs-boron rich fuels

Boron has been considered a promising powdered metal fuel for enhancing composite propellants' energy output due to its high energy density. However, the high ignition temperature and low combustion efficiency limit the application of boron powder due to the high boiling point of the boron oxide layer. Much research is ongoing to overcome these shortcomings, and one potential approach is to introduce a small quantity of metal oxide additives to promote the reaction of boron. This study prepared boron-rich fuels with 10 wt% of eight nano-metal oxide additives by mechanical ball milling. The effect of metal oxides on the thermo-oxidation, ignition, and combustion properties of boron powder was comprehensively studied by the thermogravimetric analysis (TG), the electrically heated filament setup (T-jump), and the laser-induced combustion experiments. TG experiments at 5 K/min found that Bi2O3, MoO3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and CuO can promote thermo-oxidation of boron. Compared to pure boron, Tonset can be reduced from 569 °C to a minimum of 449 °C (B/Bi2O3). Infrared temperature measurement in T-jump tests showed that when heated by an electric heating wire at rates from 1000 K/s to 25000 K/s, the ignition temperatures of B/Bi2O3 are the lowest, even lower than the melting point of boron oxide. Ignition images and SEM for the products further showed that the high heating rate is beneficial to the rapid reaction of boron powder in the single-particle combustion state. Fuels (B/Bi2O3, B/MoO3, and B/CuO) were mixed with the oxidant AP and ignited by laser to study the combustion performance. The results showed that B/CuO/AP has the largest flame area, the highest BO2 characteristic spectral intensity, and the largest burn rate for powder lines. To combine the advantages of CuO and Bi2O3, binary metal oxide (CBO, mass ratio of 3:1) was prepared and the test results showed that CBO can very well improve both ignition and combustion properties of boron. Especially B/CBO/AP has the highest burn rate compared with all fuels containing other additives. It was found that multi-component metal-oxide additive can more synergistically improve the reaction characteristics of boron powder than unary additive. These findings contribute to the development of boron-rich fuels and their application in propellants.

Dry sliding wear behavior of sinter forged micrometric and nanometric yttrium oxide reinforced AA-7075 matrix composites

This study aims to investigate the dry sliding wear behaviour of AA-7075 based metal matrix composites developed by powder metallurgy route. AA-7075 metal matrix composites have been developed with 1–15 vol% micrometric yttrium oxide particulate reinforcement and 0.1–3 vol% nanometric yttrium oxide particulate reinforcement by sinter forging.The matrix and reinforcing powders were blended together to obtain a homogeneous composite powder mixture which was cold compacted and further sintered under pure nitrogen atmosphere. The sintered compacts were forged in a closed die to attain full density. The hot forged samples were further artificially age hardened to peak hardness. Wear behavior of AA-7075 and its composites at peak aged condition were investigated at various loads and sliding speeds. The coefficient of friction and wear rate were determined with respect to different volume fractions of micrometric and nanometric yttrium oxide additions to AA-7075 alloy matrix. The overall wear at a constant volume fraction was found to be lower for the compositions having nanometric Y2O3 as compared to micrometric Y2O3. Further the basic wear mechanism of pure aluminum 7075 alloy and reinforced composites consisted of adhesive wear with plastic deformation followed by abrasive wear (due to hard reinforcement particles).Material strengthening by precipitation hardening and reinforcement addition and the role of the forging operation and yttria reinforcements in the removal and uniform distribution of oxide layers present on the AA-7075 powder particles were accountable for the improvement in the wear resistance of the composites.

Preparation and properties of antibacterial composite hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and nano-metal oxide

Preparation and properties of antibacterial composite hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and nano-metal oxide

Modified poly(vinyl chloride) by unique heterocyclic molecule and examine its photo-stability in existence of nano-metallic oxides

Modified poly(vinyl chloride) by unique heterocyclic molecule and examine its photo-stability in existence of nano-metallic oxides

Surface‐modified NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the production of biodiesel from fatty acids and microalgae lipids Dunaliella salina

Development of a new and sustainable catalyst is necessary to the society for providing economical technology. Surface modification of nanometal oxides is one of the rapidly growing methods for developing a sustainable catalyst with attractive properties than their parent oxide. In this work, surface‐modified nickel ferrites have been carried out using 4,4′‐biphenyldisulfonic acid (BPDSA) as the linker. Thus, obtained modified material has been characterized using different techniques such as DLS, FT‐IR, TGA, XRD, VSM, and XPS. This well‐characterized, stable, robust, recyclable material offers a good conversion in the fatty acid, that is, oleic acid esterification in the presence of methanol in a short period of time (3.0 h). Based on the kinetic study in the oleic acid esterification, it fits in the pseudo first‐order kinetics, and activation energy was found to be 60.0 kJ/mol. Further, the potentiality of our catalyst was also tested in the transesterification of various raw materials like mustard oil, olive oil, almond oil, and neem oil. In addition, it provides an excellent conversion with microalgae lipid extraction for the production of biodiesel. The kinematic viscosity of the methyl oleate (biodiesel) has been found to be 5.0426 mm2/s at 25°C whereas the dynamic viscosity is 6.0511 mPa, which is nearly the same as biodiesel obtained from Dunaliella salina, microalgae lipid.