Nanofluid Model Research Articles

Numerical investigation of falling film generation outside vertical tube with ammonia-water nanofluid

This paper constructed a mathematical model of ammonia-water nanofluid falling film generation outside the vertical tube, which considers the change of the film thickness of the falling film solution, the thermal convection along the film thickness direction and the physical properties of the solution. By solving the mathematical model, the temperature field and other elements of the liquid film were determined. The influence of the properties of the working fluid on the heat and mass transfer in the falling film process is investigated. According to the calculation results, a method of adding nanoparticles in the process of ammonia falling film generation is proposed. The simulation results showed that the heat efficiency of entire falling film process can be enhanced by adding an appropriate amount of Al2O3 nanoparticles. When the added Al2O3 nanoparticles are 1 vol.%, the coefficient of the heat transfer is increased by about 4%, and the mass transfer effect is also improved by about 12%. In brief, the establishment of this model aims to improve heat and mass transfer efficiency and promote the application and integration of low-grade waste heat or renewable energy technologies in built environment.

Micropolar Nanofluid Wedged Between Permeable Fluid Saturated with Nanoparticles

This paper aim to discuss micropolar nanofluid stuffed between permeable nanofluids in a horizontal channel. Single phase Tiwari-Das model is used to define nanofluid and Brinkman model to define permeable fluid. Using appropriate boundary and interface conditions, closed form elucidation are evaluated with the help of perturbation method. The response of governing parameters like porous parameter, solid volume fraction, material parameter, Eckert number, and cell rotational viscosity on linear velocity, microrotation velocity and temperature are presented in graphical and tabular form. It is dissipated that the material parameter, solid volume fraction and porous parameter reduces velocity and temperature, whereas Eckert number promotes the temperature. The Nusselt numbers are not much varied for any of the nanoparticles. Combinations of immiscible micropolar fluids and nanofluids provide excellent advantages in the fields of renewable energy, biomedicine, plasma physics, geophysics, and petroleum industry.

Numerical Analysis of Williamson-Micropolar Ternary Nanofluid Flow Through Porous Rotatory Surface

This research introduces an advanced nanofluid model for optimizing the rate of heat transmission. The trihybrid nanofluid is constructed by suspending three distinct nanoparticles in a base fluid with diverse physical and chemical affinities. This study confronts the heat transfer characteristics of TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2boundary layer flow involving thermal radiation and slip scenarios. The controlling boundary layer equations are modified through an array of ordinary differential equations employing suitable similarity transformations, which have been solved by using bvp4c algorithm in MATLAB. As of yet, no prior investigation has ever been conducted on the flow of tri-hybrid nanofluid TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2/H2O via rotatory surface. As a result, the current investigation has been undertaken to fill this gap, and the primary objectives of this work is to look into the aspects that optimise the heat transfer of base fluid (H2O) dissolved with tri-hybrid nanoparticles (TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2) past a rotatory surface with slip conditions. The figures indicate that the presence of distinct nondimensional parameters in this analysis has a tremendous impact on the fluid motion inside the boundary layer. The plots obtained reveal that the diminution in particle movement is addressed simply by raising the Williamson parameter, magnetic parameter, and Forchheimer parameter. While the temperature profiles of the magnetic parameter, rotation parameter, and Williamson parameter demonstrate a reverse pattern. The findings are visualized in graphical format, and it is predicted that the tri-hybrid nanofluid has a greater thermal conductivity than the hybrid nanofluid and traditional fluid.

A numerical approach to two phase Marangoni convection hydromagnetic flow of dusty nanofluids

The aim of the present work is to discuss the effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Marangoni convection flow of dusty TiO2 + H2O nanofluid past a flat surface. A two phase dusty nanofluid model is considered. The transformed dimensionless equations are solved numerically by 4thorder RK method together along with shooting technique. The outcomes of the current investigation are thatthe volume fraction, magnetic parameter and dust particle concentration parameter contribute decelerated motion. Dust particle concentration parameter plays a prime role in controlling the two-phase flow fields. Further, rise in magnetic parameter from 0.5 to 3 emaciates the heat transfer rate (HTR) by 18.45% while that of thermal dust parameter from 1.2 to 3.6 ameliorates HTR by 14 %.

Peristaltic flow of a bioconvective sutterby nanofluid in a flexible microchannel with compliant walls: Application to hemodynamic instability

A theoretical investigation is conducted for bioconvective peristaltic transport of a non-Newtonian nanofluid through a porous symmetric channel with compliant walls. The Sutterby nanofluid model is utilized to characterize the fluid under an applied magnetic field. The use of radiative heat flux along with the heat source and the thermodynamics energizes the flow phenomena. In addition, the novelty of the present study is to analyze the behavior of bioconvective Sutterby nanofluid in a chemically reactive porous channel with heat and mass transfer aspects. To reduce the complexity of the system, we used a long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. Furthermore, to tackle the dimensionless equations related to the flow phenomena, numerical computations are performed by utilizing MATLAB's built-in bvp5c function. The consequences of the pertinent parameters on the flow characteristics are presented through tables and graphs. An increase in both the Darcy number and the buoyancy ratio parameters raises the velocity distribution of a Sutterby nanofluid. The magnitude of the thermal field is enhanced in a symmetric channel with a rising Eckert number and the energy generation parameter. The thermophoresis diffusion parameter strengthens the temperature profile but decreases the concentration of the Sutterby nanofluid. We believe that the outcomes of this study have a wide range of implications to targeted drug delivery, the pharmaceutical industry, thermal devices, biosensors, sustainable fuel cell technologies, and solar systems.

Single-phase and two-phase models of a hybrid nanofluid traveling through a non-uniformly heated (PTC) receiver: A comparative study

The current study used single and two-phase modeling to numerically explore three-dimen-sional the turbulent forced convection of a hybrid nanofluid passing through a non-uniformly heated parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) for increasing heat transfer. The typical heat flux profile on the receiver’s absorber outer wall was addressed by a finite volume method (FVM) and the MCRT method. The results demonstrated that the single and two-phase models pro-duced almost similar hydrodynamic results but dissimilar thermal ones. It was found that the results of mixture model matched the experimental ones. The results also illustrated that the hybrid nanofluid gives the highest thermal performance for a mixture composed of 1.5% copper + 0.5% alumina dispersed in the water.

Flow field and heat transfer of ferromagnetic nanofluid in presence of magnetic field inside a corrugated tube

The present study investigates the effects of using a magnetic field on the flow field and heat transfer of ferromagnetic Fe3O4/H2O nanofluid considering two-phase model for nanofluid in heat exchanger equipped with helical ribs. Three methods are employed to enhance the thermal efficiency of heat exchanger, as employing of corrugations, utilizing nanofluid as heat transfer fluid, and employing the magnetic field. The performance evaluation criteria index (PEC) is employed to analyze the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the heat exchanger. The main aim is to achieve an optimum model with the highest performance evaluation criteria value. Usaging of corrugated heat exchanger or nanofluid can increase the average Nusselt number and friction factor in the tube sharply. Also, it is understood that the presence of a magnetic field has a significant effect on the heat transfer enhancement inside the heat ex-changer. The model with magnetic field of 600 G has the highest Nusselt number ratio among all studied models, which is followed with 400 G, 200 G, and 0 magnetic fields, respectively. Furthermore the effects of different corrugation heights, widths, and pitches have been stud-ied. Finally, usage of the novel corrugated heat exchanger with 14 mm corrugation heights, 9 mm rib width, and 12.5 mm blade pitches filled with nanofluid, and under a magnetic field of 600 G it suggested as the most efficient configuration. Also, at the Reynolds number of 4,000, the highest performance evaluation criteria values are achieved.

Optimum thermal design for heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian liquid within converging conduit with thermal jump and zero-mass flux

The performance of heat transfer materials is strongly dependent on physical characteristics such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and density. Among these, evolving thermal conductivity is a critical element in fluid heat transmission. In general, the poor thermal conductivity of industrial fluids is a significant barrier for heat transfer properties. The problem, however, has been revealed with the emergence of nanoparticles generated by various materials. This effort aims to demonstrate the mass and heat transfer attributes of the Carreau nanofluid through non-parallel channel with zero mass flux and variable thermal conductivity. The Buongiorno nanofluid model introduces the dual diffusion phenomena of nanomaterial. The analysis are carried out after reduction of governing ODE's into first order. The reduced equations are tickled numerically with Rung-Kutta method. The findings demonstrate that the thermal source, Brownian motion and thermal conductivity parameters exhibits a linear ascent on temperature profile, whereas effect of Prandtl number Pr is conflicting. The mass transfer rate is impacted negatively by the mass diffusivity value. The existence of the variables thermal conductivity factor ∈1 and mass diffusivity ∈2 leads to an elevated rate of heat and mass transmission. In the current investigation, a comparison is made for heat and mass transfer performance.

Impact of chemical processes on magnetized tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with bio-convection aspects

The study of nanofluids has remarkable uses for researchers because of their fascinating implications in medication delivery, biotechnology, aerodynamic procedures, food privilege, nanotechnology, cool atomic reactors, chemotherapy, next generation film collectors and many more. Currently, the bioconvection technology is measured as a necessary procedure with suppressed compensation in bio-fuel, bio-technology, medical sciences, enzymes, bio-reactors, petroleum chamber machinery, nano-drug delivery, etc. The foremost plan of this exploration is to evaluate the influence of magnetohydrodynamics 3-dimensional flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with gyrotactic motile microorganism through a linear stretching surface. Furthermore, the impressions of mixed convection, Joule heating along with viscous dissipation are as well a part of our research. The analytical expression of tangent hyperbolic liquid flow provides the governing non-linear partial differential equations; a proper transformation is used to transmit this system of equations in ordinary differential equations. To find out the numerical solution, the dimensionless equations are determined by means of BVP4C technique in MATLAB. The influences of miscellaneous substantial parameters on temperature, concentration along with motile microorganisms are accomplished by means of graphs. It can be observed that the heat transfer profile of tangent hyperbolic nanoliquid escalates by increasing the approximations of Eckert number, heat sink/source and power law index factor. A conflicting behavior is observed for Brownian motion parameter, stretching rate parameter along with Schmidt number in concentration profile. Furthermore, Peclet number and bioconvection Lewis number have decreasing impacts for microorganism profile. These nano fluid models with gyrotactic microorganisms are implemented in biodiesel fabrication, heat control systems, food factories, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, thermal exchangers, waste water treatment plant aero dynamical systems, and fundamental sustainable energy resources.

Anomalous enhancement of energy transfer using two-phase hybrid nanofluid across an elongational sheet with binary chemical species on the sheet surface

The Tiwari-Das nanofluid model has a serious anomaly, while estimating the mass and energy transport rates. Due to the absence of clear correlations and the fact that desirable parameters fluctuate with the characteristics of nanofluids, make it unable for precise predictions. To overcome on this dispute the Tiwari-Das model is coupled with Buongiorno's theory in the current model. The Eyring-Powell fluid with suspended Zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron (Fe2O3) keeping different volume percentage of nanoparticles are used to create a fluid mixture. The flow originates due to stretching sheet. The flow is subjected to upright Lorentz forces, while binary chemical species are consider on the sheet surface and far field. Furthermore, the ratio, reaction diffusion and frictional dissipation are also considered. The dimensionless governing equations are reduced to first order employing shooting mechanism and solved computationally using RK-4 approach. The outcomes for frictional coefficient, energy and mass transfer rate of hybrid nanoparticles and chemical species are reviewed using various statistical charts. From the computational outcomes for drag coefficient, we can adjudged that the frictional coefficient diminished on escalating fluid primary parameter and magnetic number. Increased percentage of nanoparticles, also detract the frictional coefficient. The mechanism of slip for nanoparticles are encouraging for energy transfer. The enhancement of energy and mass is significant with diffusion ratio parameter Nbt. The influence of Lewis number is diminishing function of mass transport rate. The effect of homogenous reaction is encouraging for mass transport, while the heterogeneous and Schmidt number are diminishing.

Mixed convection simulation of TMPHN by Eringen’s micropolar rules, Tiwari–Das nanofluid model, and mass-based hybridity algorithm

In this study, a combination of the Tiwari–Das nanofluid model, the mass-based hybridity algorithm, and the Eringen micropolar rules are applied to inquire about the mixed convective flow of a thermo-micropolar hybrid nanofluid (TMPHN) over a shrinking perpendicular surface. The working fluid of the TMPHN includes two nanoparticles (alumina and copper) suspended in an aqua-base fluid. The applied methodology considers the masses of base fluid and nanoparticles as an alternative to the first and second nanoparticle volume fractions, which is named the mass-based hybridity algorithm. The transformed ODEs are solved numerically by the shooting-based bvp4c method with MATLAB software. It is significant to mention that the nonlinearity of the pertinent governing equations and the nature of the pertinent boundary conditions both contribute to the duality of similar solutions. The effects of various controlling factors on the velocity, the angular velocity, and temperature, as well as the shear stress, the gradient of micro-rotation, and heat transfer, are graphically depicted. With great confidence, the current algorithm for the modeling of thermo-micropolar hybrid nanofluid can be applied to a variety of issues. Moreover, the numerical outputs reveal that the shrinking parameter range for the occurrence of solution duality increases with the alumina mass and the Richardson number. The findings, in a comprehensive and detailed form, have been presented in the article’s body.

Numerical study for bioconvection peristaltic flow of Sisko nanofluid with Joule heating and thermal radiation

Present work describes the peristaltic flow of Sisko nanomaterial with bioconvection and gyrotactic microorganisms. Slip conditions are incorporated through elastic channel walls. Additionally, we considered the aspects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. Further ohmic heating features are also present in the thermal field. Buongiorno's nanofluid model comprising thermophoresis and Brownian movement is taken. The lubrication approach is utilized for the simplification of the problem. Being highly coupled and nonlinear, the resulting system of equations must be solved numerically using the NDSolve technique and bvp4c via Matlab. Velocity, concentration, thermal field and motile microorganisms. are addressed graphically.

Cattaneo–Christov double diffusive non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over a rotating disk of variable thickness influenced by swimming microorganisms and velocity slip condition

This exploration examines the effects of the Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion in the Ostwald-de-Waele nanofluid flow on a rotating disk with varying thicknesses. The incorporation of the impacts of the bioconvection microorganisms increases the stability of the nanofluids. The slip boundary constraint is taken at the disk. The flow system is based on the Buongiorno nanofluid model. The envisioned fluid flow model incorporates heat transmission properties that are affected by nanoparticle volume fraction, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis. The numerical software bvp4c method is affianced. The presented diagrams portray the correlation of the protuberant parameters with the associated profiles given with cogent arguments. It is heeded that higher estimates of the thermal and solutal relaxation parameters dwindled the thermal and mass profiles. Furthermore, the motile microorganism distribution is diminished for larger counts of the Peclet number. A comparison table is also included to justify the truthfulness of the proposed model.

Viscosity and thermal conductivity on magneto-hydrodynamic chemically reacting nanofluid over a vertical cone embedded in porous medium

The purpose of current investigations is to explore the impacts of variable fluid properties on the vertical cone embedded in a porous medium for reduced skin friction rates and enhanced mass transfer rates. The flow governing systems of highly nonlinear partial differential equations is obtained by using the Rivilin Erickson tensor along with the theory of boundary layer approximation. Buongiorno model is analyzed using the impacts of variable properties of the fluid based on the nanofluids characteristics. The present model has been numerically tackled using the boundary value problem technique in MATLAB and the criterion for convergence or tolerance is taken as 10−6. The outcome of present study shows the variable thermal conductivity, which is improved by using the heat transfer coefficient and reduces the skin friction based on the nanofluid. The Sherwood number is also increased under the Thermophoresis diffusion and the Brownian motion. Momentum boundary layer has expanded under the adjustable thermal conductivity along with the viscidity parameter. It is stated that these investigations have not been found by using the boundary value algorithm to solve the utilizing Buongiorno nanofluid model over the vertical cone based on the permeable medium.

Effect of viscous dissipation due to magnetohydrodynamic flow in an inclined channel

Graphene oxide nanoparticles with higher thermal conductivity aid in enhancing the flow and heat transport in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) devices such as MHD pumps. Modelling such devices with promising applications inherently necessitates the entropy studies to ensure efficient models. In conventional fluids, Lorentz force controls the fluid velocity in the presence of magnetic field. Whereas, the use of graphene oxide hypothesized the enhancement of flow, despite the impacts of Lorentz force, due to high thermal conductivity. This paper is an investigation to computationally study the hypothesis and to analyse the entropy generation in magnetohydrodynamic flow of graphene oxide (GO) in an inclined channel. Buongiorno nanofluid model is used including the impacts of nanoparticle attributes namely thermophoretic and Brownian diffusion along with viscous dissipation effects. Spectral quasilinearization method with Chebyshev's polynomials is adapted to solve the differential equations under convective conditions. On studying the effects of implanted parameters, it is concluded that the flow velocity enhancement by Hartmann number is remarked and is proved to be achieved from the thermal conductivity of graphene oxide particles. A quantitative analysis is made with the previously published results for special cases. Furthermore, investigations conclude that the entropy is contributed primarily from the heat transfer.

The computational model of nanofluid considering heat transfer and entropy generation across a curved and flat surface

The entropy generation analysis for the nanofluid flowing over a stretching/shrinking curved region is performed in the existence of the cross-diffusion effect. The surface is also subjected to second-order velocity slip under the effect of mixed convection. The Joule heating that contributes significantly to the heat transfer properties of nanofluid is incorporated along with the heat source/sink. Furthermore, the flow is assumed to be governed by an exterior magnetic field that aids in gaining control over the flow speed. With these frameworks, the mathematical model that describes the flow with such characteristics and assumptions is framed using partial differential equations (PDEs). The bvp4c solver is used to numerically solve the system of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that are created from these equations. The solutions of obtained through this technique are verified with the available articles and the comparison is tabulated. Meanwhile, the interpretation of the results of this study is delivered through graphs. The findings showed that the Bejan number was decreased by increasing Brinkman number values whereas it enhanced the entropy generation. Also, as the curvature parameter goes higher, the speed of the nanofluid flow diminishes. Furthermore, the increase in the Soret and Dufour effects have enhanced the thermal conduction and the mass transfer of the nanofluid.

Numerical Investigation of the Finite Thin Film Flow for Hybrid Nanofluid with Kerosene Oil as Base Fluid over a Stretching Surface along with the Viscous Dissipation and Variable Thermal Conductivity Effects

This study examines the flow and heat transfer of a finite thin layer of a hybrid nanofluid across an unstable stretching surface with varying thermal conductivity and viscous dissipation effects. A hybrid nanofluid model is considered to comprise two different types of nanoparticles, Go and Ag , with kerosene oil used as a base fluid. To study the phenomenon of thermal conduction, a modified version of Fourier’s law model is adopted because in the power-law model, the thermal conductivity depends on the velocity gradient. A system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is obtained by considering the similarity transformations over the obtained rheological system of partial differential equations which is then tackled by a well-known numerical approach, i.e., the bvp4c MATLAB technique. The rheological impacts of the power-law index, solid volume fraction, film thickness, Eckert number, and modified Prandtl number on temperature and velocity fields are graphically discussed and illustrated. In the presence of nanoparticles, the temperature of the working fluid is enhanced and the power-law index has an inverse relation with the velocity of the hybrid nanofluid.

Heat transfer performance in a Hybrid nanofluid (Cu-[formula omitted] /kerosene oil) flow over a shrinking cylinder

The effect of nanoparticle volume concentration on the thermo-physical characteristics of hybrid nanofluid has been a major area of study. Since hybrid nanofluid combines the chmical and physical properties of nanoparticles in a useful way, they overcome the limitations of mono nanofluids. The goal of this work is to examine how the Cu-Al2O3 nanoparticles affect the thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity and rheological characteristics of kerosene oil-based hybrid nanofluids. The focus on this study is to analyze the magnetized hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching/shrinking cylinder with the influence of different physical effects. For this, a mathematical model of a hybrid nanofluid is formulated in the form of PDEs. Then these PDEs are converted into ODEs by applying similarity conversion and tackled numerically. To understand the flow behavior, friction drag enhancement, thermal distribution, and heat transport phenomenon of Cu-Al2O3/kerosene oil, the graphical results are sketched. The results show that nanoparticle inclusion boosts the skin friction coefficient and heat transport rate. Here, ϕ1 , ϕ2 symbolize the Copper ϕCu and Aluminum Oxide ϕAl2O3 volume fractions, respectively. It is discovered that the values of Re1/2Cf and Re−1/2Nu grow when the values of nanoparticles volume fractions ϕ1 , ϕ2 increase. Further, increasing magnetic strength lowers the fluid velocity and increases the thermal distribution of the liquid. Additionally, the temperature of the liquid is increased by rising Biot number and thermal radiation, respectively.

Heat transfer distribution in Oldroyd-B nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity: A fractional approach

PurposeThe physical dynamic and impact of many problems is successfully attributed via fractional approach. The fractional models more effectively present the insight of many problems which maintain the memory effects. Owing to excellent thermal activities and alters, the nanoparticles are more superior contrasting to base liquids. Different dynamic of nanoparticles are reported in the heating transmission systems, engineering processes and industrial framework. Design/methodology/approachPresent study elucidates the heat transfer distribution in Oldroyd-B nanofluid which is decomposition of copper nanoparticles with blood base fluid. The variable thermal conductivity function is assumed to treat the nanofluid problem. Furthermore, the viscous dissipation consequences are utilized in order to modifying the problem. The modeling is based on Caputo fractional forms. The finite difference simulations are performed to computing the numerical results. Thermal results for nanofluid model are physical claimed with variation of flow parameters 0≤Ha≤5,1≤Gr≤3,0.01≤φ≤0.2,0≤ϵ≤1,0≤Ec≤1 and α=β∈(0,1].. FindingsThe claimed results verify that boosted thermal phenomenon is associated under the variable thermal conductivity assumptions. The increasing volume fractional parameter role is noted for temperature profile. The heat transfer pattern is increasing function of nanoparticles volume fraction while controlling results are noted for fractional parameter. Based on reported results, it is claimed that current solution approach can be further implemented to different physical problems.

Numerical heat featuring in Blasius/Sakiadis flow of advanced nanofluid under dissipation and convective heat condition effects

AbstractThe study of advanced nanofluids termed as Tetra nanofluid is of potential interest now a days. These fluids are upgraded generation of conventional nano to ternary hybrid nanofluids with outstanding characteristics. Applications of this class frequently occur in applied thermal engineering, nano‐lubrication, chemo‐therapy, chemical engineering, oil paint industry, coolant of nuclear plant and many other applied research areas. This study concerns with the development of innovative thermophysical rules for Tetra Hybrid nanofluid and their utilization in advanced heat transfer model. The governing laws updated through addition of thermal condition, dissipation effects, thermal radiations and upgraded nanofluid properties. Finally, the Blasius and Sakiadis model achieved and analyzed the heat transfer trends through numerical technique. Keen analysis of the drawn results show that Blasius model has much ability to transfer the heat than Sakiadis model. Induction of thermal radiations, dissipation effects and thermal convective condition is like a catalysis in the study of advanced tetra nanofluid model and boosts the temperature.