Mixed convection simulation of TMPHN by Eringen’s micropolar rules, Tiwari–Das nanofluid model, and mass-based hybridity algorithm

Abstract

In this study, a combination of the Tiwari–Das nanofluid model, the mass-based hybridity algorithm, and the Eringen micropolar rules are applied to inquire about the mixed convective flow of a thermo-micropolar hybrid nanofluid (TMPHN) over a shrinking perpendicular surface. The working fluid of the TMPHN includes two nanoparticles (alumina and copper) suspended in an aqua-base fluid. The applied methodology considers the masses of base fluid and nanoparticles as an alternative to the first and second nanoparticle volume fractions, which is named the mass-based hybridity algorithm. The transformed ODEs are solved numerically by the shooting-based bvp4c method with MATLAB software. It is significant to mention that the nonlinearity of the pertinent governing equations and the nature of the pertinent boundary conditions both contribute to the duality of similar solutions. The effects of various controlling factors on the velocity, the angular velocity, and temperature, as well as the shear stress, the gradient of micro-rotation, and heat transfer, are graphically depicted. With great confidence, the current algorithm for the modeling of thermo-micropolar hybrid nanofluid can be applied to a variety of issues. Moreover, the numerical outputs reveal that the shrinking parameter range for the occurrence of solution duality increases with the alumina mass and the Richardson number. The findings, in a comprehensive and detailed form, have been presented in the article’s body.