Composite Nanofiber Membranes Research Articles

Enhanced lithium storage performance of Si/C composite nanofiber membrane with carbon coating as binder-free and self-supporting anode for lithium-ion battery

Self-supporting Si/C composite membrane is an ideal anode for flexible lithium-ion battery. However, how to achieve a long lifespan for Si/C anode remains a challenge because of the large volume expansion and low conductivity of Si. In this work, hierarchical porous Si/C composite nanofibers with carbon coating and hollow Si/SiOx embedded (C-Si-CNF) were fabricated by hydrothermal deposition of polydopamine on electrospun Si/C nanofibers, followed by pyrolysis. A hydrothermal deposition/pyrolysis process achieved both carbon coating and conversing of the solid Si into hollow Si/SiOx, which improved the conductivity and alleviated the volume expansion of Si. The C-Si-CNF electrode exhibited a high capacity (694.7 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1), good rate performance (capacity retention of 36.9% with the current density increased from 0.1 to 5 A·g−1), and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 92.6% after 300 cycles). Overall, the C-Si-CNF membrane shows great potential as a binder-free and self-supporting anode for lithium-ion battery.

Flexible Self-Powered Friction Piezoelectric Sensor Based on Structured PVDF-Based Composite Nanofiber Membranes.

With the rapid development of the economy and technology, intelligent wearable devices have gradually entered public life. Flexible sensors, as the main component of wearable devices, have been widely concerned. However, traditional flexible sensors need an external power supply, lacking flexibility and sustainable power supply. In this study, structured poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composite nanofiber membranes doped with different mass fractions of MXene and zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by electrospinning and were then assembled to flexible self-powered friction piezoelectric sensors. The addition of MXene and ZnO endowed PVDF nanofiber membranes with better piezoelectric properties. The structured PVDF/MXene-PVDF/ZnO (PM/PZ) nanofiber membranes with a double-layer structure, interpenetrating structure, or core-shell structure could further enhance the piezoelectric properties of PVDF-based nanofiber membranes through the synergistic effects of filler doping and structural design. In particular, the output voltage of the self-powered friction piezoelectric sensor made of a core-shell PM/PZ nanofiber membrane showed a good linear relationship with the applied pressure and could produce a good piezoelectric response to the bending deformation caused by human motion.

Development of Blend Nanofiber Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes with Dual Proton Conductive Mechanism and High Stability for Next-Generation Fuel Cells

Blend polymer nanofibers (BNF), consisting of sulfonated polyimide and polybenzimidazole blends doped with phytic acid, were fabricated and composed with Nafion to give BNF composite membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The BNF composite membrane possessed high mechanical and chemical stabilities and low gas permeability. In addition, the BNF composite membrane showed higher proton conductivity than the commercial Nafion NR211 membrane, not only at low temperatures but also at high temperatures above 100 °C and low relative humidity (ca. 10% RH). The proton conduction mechanism in the BNF composite membranes was examined and revealed that proton hopping conduction occurred besides the vehicle mechanism in the BNF composite membranes. The BNF composite membrane provided improved fuel cell performances compared to the cell using the conventional Nafion NR211 membrane at high humidity, low humidity, and high temperature/low humidity, suggesting the potential of BNF composite membranes for next-generation fuel cells.

Novel Core/Shell Nylon 6,6/La-TMA MOF Electrospun Nanocomposite Membrane and CO2 Capture Assessments of the Membrane and Pure La-TMA MOF.

Membrane technology plays a vital, applicable, and essential role in human life and industry. The high adsorption capacity of membranes can be employed for capturing air pollutants and greenhouse gases. In this work, we tried to develop a shaped industrial form of a metal-organic framework as an adsorbent material with the ability to capture CO2 in the laboratory phase. To do so, a core/shell Nylon 6,6/La-TMA MOF nanofiber composite membrane was synthesized. This organic/inorganic nanomembrane is a kind of nonwoven electrospun fiber that was prepared using the coaxial electrospinning approach. FE-SEM, surface area calculations, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, XRD grazing incidence on thin films, and histogram diagrams were applied to assess the quality of the membrane. This composite membrane as well as pure La-TMA MOF were assessed as CO2 adsorbent materials. The CO2 adsorption abilities of the core/shell Nylon 6,6/La-TMA MOF membrane and pure La-TMA MOF were as high as 0.219 and 0.277 mmol/g, respectively. As a result of preparing the nanocomposite membrane from microtubes of La-TMA MOF, the %A of the micro La-TMA MOF (% 43.060) increased to % 48.524 for Nylon 6,6/La-TMA MOF.

Preparation of Bismuth Tungstate/Preoxidized Acrylonitrile/Acrylic Acid Copolymer Composite Nanofiber Membrane and Its Photocatalytic Properties.

In this patent article, a novel bismuth tungstate/preoxidized acrylonitrile/ acrylic acid (AN/AA) copolymer composite nanofiber membrane was prepared, which was used as the visible light catalyst. AN/AA copolymer was synthesized, which was electrospun with bismuth nitrate and sodium tungstate to prepare the composite nanofiber. Then the composite nanofiber was preoxidized to prepare the bismuth tungstate/preoxidized AN/AA composite nanofiber membrane containing adsorption moiety and photocatalytic active moiety. The photocatalytic activity of bismuth tungstate/preoxidized AN/AA composite nanofiber membrane with different preoxidized temperature, heating rate, and holding time by catalytic degradation of methylene blue was investigated. The optimal preoxidized conditions were as follows: the preoxidized temperature was heated to 200 °C with the heating rate of 1°C/min and the holding time at this temperature was 12 h. The chemical structure and morphology of the composite nanofiber membrane were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The bismuth tungstate/preoxidized AN/AA composite nanofiber membrane obtained good photocatalytic properties and reusability under visible light. The degradation rate of methylene blue by this visible light catalyst could reach 90.24% for 4.5 h, and the degradation rate remained 81.53% for 4.5 h after 5 reuses.

Design and construction of PTFE porous membranes with high modulus and structural stability via in-situ interlocking and anchoring strategy

PTFE nanofiber membrane, as an effective supplement to biaxial stretched PTFE membrane, suffers from low modulus and poor structural stability. In this study, the PTFE porous membrane with high modulus and structural stability was designed and achieved via the in-situ interlocking and anchoring strategy by co-electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) into PTFE matrix. During the sintering process, the continuous flexible PTFE nanofibers formed, while PAN nanofibers was pre-oxidized to create a stable trapezoidal structure. The effects of pre-oxidized PAN (OPAN) nanofibers' content and diameter on the morphology and structure of the PTFE/OPAN composite nanofiber membrane were investigated in detail. Results showed that the introduction of OPAN nanofiber effectively improve the modulus and structural stability of PTFE nanofiber membrane. The Young's modulus and tensile strength of the composite nanofiber membrane were over 50 MPa and 2 MPa, which were 1166% and 80% higher than that of pure PTFE nanofiber membrane, respectively. These results of this work would contribute to solve the defects of PTFE nanofiber membrane's low modulus and poor structural stability, and then expand its application scope.

Preparation and Characterization of Polycaprolactone (PCL) Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Loaded with Pomegranate Peel Extract.

In recent years, medicinal plant extracts have received remarkable attention due to their wound-healing properties. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofiber membranes incorporated with different concentrations of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) were prepared. The results of the SEM and FTIR experiments demonstrated that the morphology of nanofiber is smooth, fine, and bead-free, and the PPE was well introduced into the nanofiber membranes. Moreover, the outcomes of the mechanical property tests demonstrated that the nanofiber membrane made of PCL and loaded with PPE exhibited remarkable mechanical characteristics, indicating that it could fulfill the essential mechanical requisites for wound dressings. The findings of the in vitro drug release investigations indicated that PPE was instantly released within 20 h and subsequently released gradually over an extended period by the composite nanofiber membranes. Meanwhile, the DPPH radical scavenging test confirmed that the nanofiber membranes loaded with PPE exhibited significant antioxidant properties. Antimicrobial experiments showed higher PPE loading, and the nanofiber membranes showed higher antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The results of the cellular experiments showed that the composite nanofiber membranes were nontoxic and promoted the proliferation of L929 cells. In summary, electrospun nanofiber membranes loaded with PPE can be used as a wound dressing.

Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofiber membranes loaded with oxygenated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic bacteriostasis

AbstractThe visible light catalytic antibacterial nanofiber membranes as a novel functional material were designed to solve the problem of bacterial infection and water pollution. In this work, oxygenated graphite carbon nitride nanosheets (O‐g‐C3N4) with 12% oxygen content were synthesized through thermal polycondensation followed by chemical oxidation. Exfoliation and dispersion of O‐g‐C3N4 were strongly enhanced compared to pristine g‐C3N4 due to rich hydrophilic carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The amount of ROS generated by O‐g‐C3N4 was about 13.8% more than that of g‐C3N4. Then, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS)/O‐g‐C3N4 (PCO) composite nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The contact angle of the PCO nanofiber membranes decreased from 55.0° ± 0.5 to 45.9° ± 0.2 along with the increased amount of O‐g‐C3N4, indicating the improvement of hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, the diameter of nanofibers increased from 148.0 ± 22.9 nm to 244.0 ± 52.3 nm with the loading ratio from 0% to 17%. The PCO nanofiber membranes exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity compared to the blank nanofiber membranes and bare O‐g‐C3N4. The maximum diameter of the inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could reach 26 ± 0.1 mm and 16 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The inhibition rate against E. coli could reach 97% in 24 h under the irradiation of simulated sunlight. Based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing, zeta potential, and bacterial inhibition experiments, a possible synergistic mechanism was proposed. The electrostatic adsorption effect of PCO nanofiber membranes and ROS could effectively decompose the organic components of bacteria and destroy their structural integrity. The results indicated that the antibacterial PCO composite nanofiber membranes have wide application prospects in biomedical‐related fields.

The advances development of proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity and balanced stability in fuel cells

AbstractIn the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, proton exchange membrane (PEM) serves as both the main conductor of protons and the fuel‐blocking membrane. Thus, high proton conductivity and excellent stability are expected for PEMs at the same time. According to chemical structure, this review divides PEM into three groups. Recently, high‐performance PEM has been made possible by controlling chemical structure, organic–inorganic hybrid composite membranes, and nanofiber composite membranes. One of them, nanofiber composite membranes, is distinguished by long‐range order and is capable of achieving both strong proton conductivity with exceptional stability. The high‐performance PEM has been accomplished by the presence of an acid‐rich layer, acid–base interaction, and proton transport channel in PEMs are also summarized in this paper. We believe that our discussion will help the researcher create high‐performance PEM and pave the way for further developments in the field of energy materials as a whole.

Highly efficient removal of salicylic acid from pharmaceutical wastewater using a flexible composite nanofiber membrane modified with UiO-66(Hf) MOFs

The successful development of a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent is crucial for the optimal treatment of pharmaceutical sewage. In this study, a UiO-66(Hf)–NH2 nanocrystal modified composite nanofiber membrane (HfPNFM) was synthesized through electrospinning and solvothermal techniques, for the removal of salicylic acid (SA). The in-situ growth of UiO-66(Hf)–NH2 on the nanofibers led to a significant increase in the specific surface area of the composite nanofiber membrane. Furthermore, HfPNFM demonstrated exceptional flexibility and reusability, with the removal efficiency of SA still at 96.85 % even after ten cycles. The adsorption process of SA onto HfPNFM was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 128.21 mg/g. In dynamic adsorption experiments, HfPNFM effectively removed 100 % of SA at a concentration of 50 mg/L. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of SA was reduced from 165.89 mg/L to 41.47 mg/L by two layers of HfPNFM filtration, below the standard for pharmaceutical wastewater discharge (GB: 21904-2008). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, hydrogen bond interactions, and metal complexation interactions between SA and HfPNFM were responsible for the adsorption. This highly effective composite nanofiber membrane has promising potential for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

Preparation of ZIF-8/PAN composite nanofiber membrane and its application in acetone gas monitoring

Znic-based metal–organic framework materials (ZIF-8) show great potential and excellent performance in the fields of sensing and catalysis. However, powdered metal–organic framework makes it easy to lose in the process of application. Herein, we use a simple blending electrostatic spinning method to combine ZIF-8 particles with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. ZIF-8/PAN composite nanofiber membrane. The ZIF-8/PAN nanofiber membrane is characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and N2 adsorption–desorption. The results show that the ZIF-8/PAN nanofiber membrane has the characteristic peaks of XRD and FTIR, which are consistent with those of simulated ZIF-8. The specific surface area of ZIF-8/PAN nanofiber membrane increases from 13.5371 to 711.4171 m2 g−1 due to the introduction of ZIF-8 particles. The sensor using the nanofiber membrane as the gas sensing layer shows good response and linear correlation to different concentrations of acetone gas. The minimum detection limit of the sensor for acetone is 51.9 ppm. The blank control shows that the response of the sensor to acetone is mainly due to the introduction of ZIF-8 particles. In addition, the sensor also shows a good cyclic response to acetone.

Lithium–sulfur battery cathode design:Sulfur-infiltrated PVDF nanofiber-based Fe3O4 network for polysulfide adsorption and volume expansion suppression

A sustainable polymer/nanomagnetic (PVDF/Fe3O4) composite nanofiber membrane is prepared on the Al current collector using electrospinning to serve as matrix for sulfur. The paramagnetic adsorption of polysulfides by Fe3O4 can suppress the shuttling effect, and the PVDF reserves as an elastic skeleton for alleviating volume changes of sulfur cathode. The results show that the cathode with PVDF/Fe3O4 composite nanofiber membrane has an initial discharge capacity of 1555.5 mA h g−1 at a rate of 0.1 C, and remains at 994.7 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles, showing a better cycle life than others without Fe3O4 or PVDF. This work provides a strategy for further promoting the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries.

Gallium-doped MXene/cellulose nanofiber composite membranes with electro/photo thermal conversion property for high performance electromagnetic interference shielding

With the rapid development of science and technology, information security and multiscenario applications of electronic equipment have received increasing attention in recent years. Therefore, the design and development of multifunctional electromagnetic interference shielding materials are key to solving the current development needs of electronic equipment. Based on the above topics, multifunctional liquid metal gallium (Ga)-doped transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF/MXene@Ga, CMG) composite membranes with a nacre-like “brick–mortar” layered structure were synthesized using an ultrasonic probe and vacuum-assisted filtration. By optimizing the design, the CMG composite membranes could achieve a tensile strength of 36.12 MPa with good flexibility and could achieve a maximum thermal conductivity of approximately 9.11 W/m·K. The heterogeneous interface between MXenes and Ga nanoparticles and the intercalation of Ga nanoparticles significantly influenced the composite membranes for the absorption of electromagnetic waves, which yielded a specific shielding effectiveness per unit volume (SSE/t) of 6444.1 dB·cm2·g−1; this value is over the vast majority reported in the current literature. Further studies confirmed that the CMG composite membranes possessed excellent electrothermal and photothermal conversion functions. The electrothermal conversion agreed with Joule's law. Moreover, the phase transition behavior of Ga also imparts the membranes with the ability to store heat. The photothermal conversion ability was attributed to the surface plasmon resonance effect of Ga. Therefore, this work provides material support for the information security and multi-scenario applications of electronic equipment.

Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Composite Nanofiber Membranes and Their Use in the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

With the development of global industry development, environmental pollution has become increasingly prominent, among which heavy metal ions are highly toxic, easily soluble in water and soil, and not easy to deal with. Long-term exposure to Cr (VI), Cu (II), Pb (II) and other heavy metal ions will cause a series of diseases. Therefore, how to remove heavy metal ions from soil has become one of the research hotspots in recent years.

A green hydrothermal synthesis of polyacrylonitrile@carbon/MIL-101(Fe) composite nanofiber membrane for efficient selective removal of tetracycline

Developing highly efficient, low-cost and reusable adsorbents toward antibiotics is a great challenge for the treatment of wastewater. Here, a polyacrylonitrile@carbon/MIL-101(Fe) composite nanofiber membrane (PAN@C/MIL-101(Fe)) has been prepared for the first time via the combination of electrospinning technique and green hydrothermal method and showed a high adsorption performance toward tetracycline (TC). The MIL-101(Fe) nanocrystals were uniformly grown in-situ on the surface of activated hydrothermal carbon coated electrospun PAN nanofiber membrane. The incorporation of hydrothermal carbon and MIL-101(Fe) in nanofiber membrane obviously enhanced its adsorption ability. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, with an adsorption capacity of 392.64 mg/g for TC. Moreover, the PAN@C/MIL-101(Fe) exhibited high selectivity and good regenerability, and the removal efficiency remained above 94% after five cycles. After the real wastewater filtration experiment, chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of TC significantly decreased from 155.55 mg/L to 51.84 mg/L, which is below the standard of wastewater discharge (GB 21904-2008). This study provides a promising green strategy for uniform MOFs modified carbon coating nanofiber membrane adsorbent, which has potential application in practical antibiotic wastewater treatment.

Collocalia birds inspired Janus-structured bandage with strong wet tissue adhesion for rapid hemostasis and wound healing

Powdered hemostatic agents, when encountered with high blood pressure bleeding, are prone to being washed away by the blood flow, and there is a risk of entering the blood vessel to cause thrombosis. Fibrous membrane hemostatic bandages have poor adhesion to the wound and require prolonged press to stop bleeding, which may lead to ischemic necrosis of the tissue. Here, inspired by Collocalia birds to prepare cubilose, we propose a technique that large-particles of self-gelling powders are poured upon nanofibers during the spinning flight path and get Janus composite nanofiber membrane in one step. This Janus structure is an asymmetric wettability structure. The hydrophilic side achieved blood coagulation within 1 min by concentrating coagulation factor. The hydrophobic side is 99.99% free of bacteria and prevents bleeding. In addition, this membrane material has strong adhesion and can gel at 5.3 s, especially it does not need to wipe up the blood on the wet tissue beforehand. It exhibits firm adhere to the bleeding site, and can withstand the bursting pressure of 176 mmHg, much higher than the normal systolic blood pressure of the human body. Compared with medical gauze and commercially available gelatin hemostatic sponges, the hemostasis time is reduced to 1/5 (1.16 ± 0.28 min) and the blood loss is reduced to 1/3 (111 ± 11 mg). Moreover, this membrane has potential to be prepared in a large scale because of electro-blown spinning, and is expected to become a new commercially available material for hemostasis in the future.

Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride by Photocatalysis Using Electrospun PAN Nanofibrous Membranes Coated with g-C3N4/Ti3C2/Ag3PO4.

In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4, the g-C3N4/Ti3C2/Ag3PO4 S-type heterojunction catalyst was prepared by electrostatic assembly method, and then the g-C3N4/Ti3C2/Ag3PO4/PAN composite nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning technology. The morphology and chemical properties of the nanofiber membrane were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD, and the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) in water by the nanofiber membrane was investigated. The results showed that g-C3N4/Ti3C2/Ag3PO4 could be successfully loaded on PAN and uniformly distributed on the surface of composite nanofiber membrane by electrospinning technology. Increasing the amount of loading and catalyst, lowering the pH value and TC concentration of the system were conducive to the oxidation and degradation of TC. The nano-fiber catalytic membrane had been recycled five times and found to have excellent photocatalytic stability and reusability. The study of catalytic mechanism showed that h+, •OH and •O2- were produced and participated in the oxidation degradation reaction of TC, and •O2- plays a major role in catalysis. Therefore, this work provides a new insight into the construction of high-performance and high-stability photocatalytic system by electrospinning technology.

Synthesis of transparent electrospun composite nanofiber membranes by asymmetric solvent evaporation process

Currently, transparent and flexible electrospun nanofiber membranes have attracted considerable attention due to their potential use in electronic displays, solar cells, air filtration, and medical and health fields (i.e., transparent wound dressings). Developing transparent nanofibrous membranes is still very intriguing because of severe light reflection and absorption into the fibrous membranes. Herein, we report a successful fabrication technique of transparent composite nanofibrous membranes by combining electrospinning and a particular post-treatment of the prepared membranes. Firstly, randomly organized polyurethane (PU) nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning. These PU nanofibers mats were then impregnated into different concentrations (i.e., 5, 10, and 15 wt%) and embedded time (i.e., 30 and 60 min) of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solutions to prepare transparent composite nanofibrous membrane using solution immersion technique. The resulting composite nanofibrous membranes exhibit excellent performance, including optical transparency (i.e., up to 82% for PMMA and ∼ 6% for PDMS), lacking affinity to water, mechanically robust, reasonable water vapor transmission rate (WVTR, ∼ 1 kg/m2 day), and good thermal stability. The composite nanofiber membranes have promising optical transparency, suitable mechanical strength, and high hydrophobicity. Therefore, they have the potential in various applications, including windshields for highly moving objects, displays, and particularly as transparent wound dressings in medicine.

Cobalt metal-organic framework and its composite membranes as heterogeneous catalysts for cyanosilylation and strecker reactions

A new porous Co-MOF, {Co2(μ3-OH)(L)(H2O)2}n (1, H3L = 5- ((4′- (tetrazol- 5''- yl) benzyl) oxy) isophthalic acid) was designed and synthesized under solvothermal conditions and displayed a classic 5-node uninodal boron nitride (bnn) topology as well as good catalytic activity for cyanosilylation and Strecker reactions at room temperature. Then using 1 as the filler and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as the matrix，composite nanofiber membrane 1@PVDF-n and mixed matrix membrane 1@PVDF-m were successfully prepared via the electrospinning technique and casting method, respectively. These two composite membrane catalysts could be easily separated from the reaction system and reused many times without loss of activity. Moreover, compared with 1@PVDF-m, 1@PVDF-n showed better catalytic activity owing to its high concentration of MOF doping and hierarchical pore structure which facilitated the contact between the substrates and the catalytic active centers in a certain region. It provides a new strategy for developing new MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts.

Dual-Phasic, Well-Aligned, and Strong Flexible Hydrophobic Ceramic Membranes for Efficient Thermal Insulation in Extreme Conditions.

The inherent brittleness and hydrophilicity of ceramics pose a great challenge to designing a reliable structure that can resist mechanical loads and moisture in extreme conditions with high temperature and high humidity. Here, we report a two-phase hydrophobic silica-zirconia composite ceramic nanofiber membrane (H-ZSNFM) with exceptional mechanical robustness and high-temperature hydrophobic resistance. For the dual-phasic nanofibers, the amorphous silica blocked the connection of zirconia nanocrystals, and the lattice distortion was observed due to Si in the ZrO2 lattice. H-ZSNFM has strong strength (5-8.4 MPa), high hydrophobic temperature resistance (450 °C), high porosity (89%), low density (40 mg/cm3), low thermal conductivity (30 mW/m·K), and excellent thermal radiation reflectivity (90%). By simulating the actual high-temperature and high-humidity environment, 10-mm-thick H-ZSNFMs can reduce the heat source from 1365 to 380 °C and maintain complete hydrophobicity even in a water vapor environment of 350 °C. This means that it has superior insulation and waterproof performance even in a high-temperature water environment. For firefighting clothing, H-ZSNFM displayed waterproof and insulation layers, which have excellent thermal protection performance and achieve incompatibility between water and fire, providing valuable time for fire rescue and a safety line of defense for emergency personnel. This design strategy with mechanical robust and hydrophobic temperature resistance applies to the development of many other types of high-performance thermal insulation materials and presents a competitive material system for thermal protection in extreme conditions.