Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Research Articles

Efficient and environmentally friendly uric acid voltametric sensor based on Ni-MOF and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Uric acid (UA) levels are significant in the monitoring of human health, making their detection very important. In this paper, a simple and innovative electrochemical method for the detecting UA was established, using a sensing platform based on hybrid electrodes of Nickel-Metal Organic Framework (Ni-MOF) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH). Detailed investigations into the electrocatalytic activity of Ni-MOF/MWCNTs-COOH/GCE for The Ni-MOF/MWCNTs-COOH exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for UA oxidation. The detection limit was 0.005 μM, with a sensitivity calculation result of 6.377 µA µM−1, and a wide linearity interval (0.03–10 μM, 10–300 μM). Utilizing its high sensitivity and selectivity, this sensor was used for the measurement of UA in biological fluids, including human serum and urine samples, recovery amounts being 96.6–100.8 %, and 98.9–101.3 %. This work is highly significant; offering new perspectives for the application of Ni-MOF based chemical sensors in the realms of environmental monitoring and healthcare.

Simultaneous detection of pesticides, carbendazim, and isoproturon using a novel nanocomposite based on graphene oxide/multi-wall carbon nanotube as an electrochemical sensor

This study demonstrates the fabrication of an electrochemical probe and superior performance in the simultaneous determination of two pesticides, carbendazim (CBZ) and isoproturon (ISO), using a modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode with a novel graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube (GO-MWCNT) nanocomposite for the first time. The existing hydrophilic properties of GO can facilitate the development of a stable dispersion of GO-CNT nanocomposite material through π-π stacking interactions for their intriguing electrochemical detection. This novel nanocomposite was completely characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM techniques. The MWCNT were dispersed/spread over the crumpled GO nano-sheets, as confirmed by the TEM images. Their oxidation potentials and current are significantly varied with various modified electrodes, such as bare GCE, MWCNT, GO, and GO-MWCNT in 0.1 M PBS (pH 2) at 50 mVs−1. The oxidation of ISO and CBZ on the GO-MWCNT-modified electrode has shown 3 and 5.2 times of current enhancement respectively, compared to the bare GCE. The feasibility of the proposed nanocomposite for the analysis has been shown by the observed maximum oxidation peak current recorded at pH 2. The cyclic voltammogram containing 0.1 mM of ISO and CBZ on the modified GO-MWCNT/GCE have yielded linear plots with the logarithm of scan rate vs peak potential with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.987 respectively, implying the occurred surface adsorption-controlled reaction process. Its reproducibility with 100 μM of ISO and 10 μM of CBZ has shown the related standard deviation for five experiments as 2.8 % and 1.58 % respectively. Moreover, the real sample analysis was optimized with GO-MWCNT/GCE by differential pulse voltammetry technique towards CBZ and ISO in the river and paddy water samples, and the recovery percentages were found to be 99–103 and 99.7–101.3 % respectively.

Manufacture of a Nanocomposite of Carbon Fibre and Nanotubes and Epoxy Resin

Nanocomposite material have been manufactured by the manual contact method, using nanotubes and carbon fibres as the basis for manufacturing the nanocomposite and epoxy resin as the matrix. The CVD method was used to manufacture the carbon nanotubes on the carbon fibre with twill and plain weaves. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite with twill and plain weave were obtained from the tensile tests, and the density was obtained experimentally. The carbon nanotubes, CNTs, grew perpendicular to the surface of the carbon fibres, CF. The average diameter was 117 μm and the average length was 23.87 μm. The nanocomposite made of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibre and epoxy resin, CNT/CF/Epoxy with single layer twill weave had a thickness of 0.57 mm, while the plain weave nanocomposite had 0.56 mm. The densities obtained of the CNT/CF/Epoxy material were 1.03 g/cm3 with the plain weave and 1.08 g/cm3 with the twill weave. While the densities of the composite material, CF/Epoxy, where 1.21 g/cm3 and 1.19 g/cm3 with plain and twill weave. The densities of the CNT/CF/Epoxy were 14.28% and 9.14% lower than the densities of the CF/Epoxy, both with the plain and twill weave. From the tensile tests the mechanical properties obtained of the CNT/CF/Epoxy with twill weave were a modulus of elasticity of 31 GPa and a maximum stress of 153.47 MPa and with the plain weave the modulus of elasticity was 25.10 GPa and the maximum stress was 121.71 MPa. Both composite and nanocomposite materials were investigated with twill weave, and it was found that the best results of the mechanical properties were obtained with the nanocomposite, the increase of the modulus of elasticity and the maximum stress were 23.82% and 2.16% respectively.

Preparation, characterization, and properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene / multi walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Preparation, characterization, and properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene / multi walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Thermal plasma synthesis of Si-multi walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries

The Si-MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotube) nanocomposite, which is considered a promising replacement for graphite as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, was prepared using a triple DC thermal plasma jet system. We used micron-size silicon powder and MWCNT powder as raw materials. We varied the main parameters by mixing silicon and MWCNTs or individually injected into the plasma jet and adjusting the mass ratio to 2:1 and 1:2. The location of injection for the raw materials played a critical role in the formation of Si-MWCNT nanocomposites as the temperature at the injection site has a significant impact on the vaporization of silicon and sublimation of carbon nanotubes. Additionally, it was influenced by efficient heat transfer of silicon and the structural change of MWCNT. As a result, the Si-MWCNT nanocomposite was easily produced under separate injection conditions, and silicon nanoparticles of 20 nm or less were attached to the surface of the MWCNT. We evaluated the electrochemical performance of the synthesized material by assembling a CR2032-type coin cell using it as an anode electrode material.

A study on the structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of CoFe2O4@MWCNT nanocomposites

Because of their low density, high electrical conductivity, and distinctive structure, magnetic nanoparticles have been used in conjunction with dielectric materials like carbon nanotubes in a number of studies on electromagnetic wave absorption. This paper describes the preparation of cobalt ferrite-multi-walled carbon nanotube (CoFe2O4@MWCNT) nanocomposites (NCs) at varying weight ratios for use in X and Ku-band electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing coatings. Investigations were also conducted on their structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties. Using the nitrate-citrate method, cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) having the chemical formula CoFe2O4 (CF) were first successfully produced. Then, carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were mixed with cobalt ferrite NPs under different weight ratios to form CF@MWCNT NCs. The following are the methods used to determine the crystal structure of the samples: X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attached; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); magnetic properties determined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM); and room temperature dielectric properties investigated by vector network analyzer (VNA). CF@MWCNT NCs were extensively described and prepared in five distinct weight ratios. Under the thickness of d = 2.18 mm, sample EM5 exhibited the best reflection loss (RL) under the X band of all the samples, measuring −54.29 dB. Under the Ku band, sample EM5, which has a thickness of d = 1.18 mm, exhibited the best RL, measuring −53.42 dB. A method for creating magnetic @dielectric NCs with adjustable parameters and electromagnetic wave characteristics is presented in this work.

Efficient electrocatalytic nanocomposites of carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel selenides for urea oxidation reaction

In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated with various phases of nanostructured nickel selenides were successfully synthesized with a simple and effective technique. These nanocomposites were then used as highly effective electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). The strategy involved depositing CNTs onto stainless steel (SS) foam using chemical vapor deposition, followed by pulse-reversal electrodeposition of nickel selenides in a layer-by-layer fabrication process. Different phases of nanostructured nickel selenides, such as NiSe2, NiSe2/Ni0.85Se, and Ni0.85Se, were successfully deposited on the surface of CNTs by controlling the reversal potential. Among all the different nanocomposites, the Ni0.85Se@CNTs-SS electrode exhibited the best electrocatalytic activity towards UOR. It required only a low overpotential, about 158 mV, to reach a benchmarking current density of 10 mA cm−2, and showed a low Tafel slope value of 85 mV dec−1. Additionally, the results of the prolonged stability study for 24 h confirmed the remarkable electrochemical stability of the Ni0.85Se@CNTs-SS electrode. After conducting stability studies, the overpotential shifted from 158 mV to 107 mV. This shift is due to the activation of the electrocatalyst during the stability test. The excellent electrocatalytic activity observed after the stability test is attributed to the presence of hydroxide and oxyhydroxide phases, which are remarkably active phases. This is the first-ever report where the Ni0.85Se@CNTs-SS nanocomposite electrode is shown to hold great potential as an effective electrocatalyst for UOR, which is an important step toward the design of a future electrocatalyst for UOR.

Fabrication of Strontium Molybdate with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Electrochemical Determination of Antipyretic Drug-Acetaminophen.

In recent years, there has been a significant interest in the advancement of electrochemical sensing platforms to detect antipyretic drugs with high sensitivity and selectivity. The electrochemical determination of acetaminophen (PCT) was studied with strontium molybdate with a functionalized carbon nanotube (SrMoO4@f-CNF) nanocomposite. The SrMoO4@f-CNF nanocomposite was produced by a facial hydrothermal followed by sonochemical treatment, resulting in a significant enhancement in the PCT determination. The sonochemical process was applied to incorporate SrMoO4 nanoparticles over f-CNF, enabling a network-like structure. Moreover, the produced SrMoO4@f-CNF composite structural, morphological, and spectroscopic properties were confirmed with XRD, TEM, and XPS characterizations. The synergistic effect between SrMoO4 and f-CNF contributes to the lowering of the charge transfer resistance (Rct=85 Ω·cm2), a redox potential of Epc=0.15 V and Epa=0.30 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), and a significant limit of detection (1.2 nM) with a wide response range of 0.01-28.48 µM towards the PCT determination. The proposed SrMoO4@f-CNF sensor was studied with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques and demonstrated remarkable electrochemical properties with a good recovery range in real-sample analysis.

Solid‐contact ion‐selective sensor for the direct determination of procyclidine HCl and application of in‐line dissolution profiling of its tablets

AbstractThe ability to obtain accurate analytical results without sample pre‐treatment or derivatization is a key element for an eco‐friendly method of analysis. In this work, green electro analytical method was developed and evaluated for the selective determination of the anti‐cholinergic drug Procyclidine Hydrochloride in both pure and dosage forms as well as in dissolution medium without sample pre‐treatment. Firstly, screening of four ionophore‐doped polyvinyl chloride‐based membranes were conducted to detect the one with highest affinity towards the studied drug. Accordingly, calix[4]arene‐doped membrane exhibited the optimum results. Then optimization was carried out by designing screen‐printed and glassy carbon solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes with multiwall carbon nanotube and graphene nanocomposite as ion to electron transducers. The fabricated screen‐printed sensor with graphene nanocomposite was characterized according to IUPAC recommendations. It acquired the fastest and most stable response, along with thermal stability up to 30 °C. It also displayed a slope of 43.9±0.2 mV/decade in a pH range of 2–5. The proposed sensor successfully obtained a linear range of 1×10−5–1×10−2 M and the theoretical limit of detection was 6.3×10−6 M. Finally, it was used in applications such as in‐line dissolution monitoring and quantification of procyclidine in its dosage form without prior sample pre‐treatment or derivatization steps. Furthermore, the graphene nanocomposite transducer has been imaged by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Fabrication of a Molybdenum Dioxide/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite as an Anodic Modification Material for High-Performance Microbial Fuel Cells.

A nanocomposite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) nanoparticles is fabricated through the reduction of phosphomolybdic acid hydrate on functionalized MWCNTs in a hydrogen-argon (10%) atmosphere in a tube furnace. The MoO2/MWCNTs composite is proposed as an anodic modification material for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MWCNTs have outstanding physical and chemical peculiarities, with functionalized MWCNTs having substantially large electroactive areas. In addition, combined with the exceptional properties of MoO2 nanoparticles, the synergistic advantages of functionalized MWCNTs and MoO2 nanoparticles give a MoO2/MWCNTs anode a large electroactive area, excellent electronic conductivity, enhanced extracellular electron transfer capacity, and improved nutrient transfer capability. Finally, the power harvesting of an MFC with the MoO2/MWCNTs anode is improved, with the MFC showing long-term repeatability of voltage and current density outputs. This exploratory research advances the fundamental application of anodic modification to MFCs, simultaneously providing valuable guidance for the use of carbon-based transition metal oxide nanomaterials in high-performance MFCs.

Facile fabrication of MgAl2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite for efficient and stable solar-driven degradation of organic dye

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of Magnesium Aluminate (MgAl2O4) and Magnesium Aluminate/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube (MgAl2O4/MWCNT) nanocomposite by facile chemical co-precipitation method for the dye degradation application. MgAl2O4 and MgAl2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), x-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Raman Spectrometry, UV–vis Spectrophotometry (UV–vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR), and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Surface morphology of MgAl2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite exhibits entangled needle-like structures while MgAl2O4 spinel comprises agglomerated nanoparticles of different sizes. XRD confirms the formation of MgAl2O4. XPS identifies the chemical states and binding energies of constituent elements present in the sample. Optical properties reveal that addition of MWCNTs in MgAl2O4 decreases the optical bandgap energy from 3.02 eV to 2.78 eV. MgAl2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite shows reduced bandgap compared to pristine MgAl2O4 due to increased chemical defects or vacancies in intergranular regions and chemical interaction between MgAl2O4 and MWCNT, leading to the formation of new energy levels in MgAl2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite. Addition of MWCNTs provides a large surface area, more active sites, and enhances electron mobility between energy levels. MgAl2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite proves itself a better photocatalyst due to the fast degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) in 65 min as compared to MgAl2O4 which degrades the dye in 90 min. MgAl2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite also shows good stability and reusability even after performing the six cycles of dye degradation.

Bovine Serum Albumin Template-Mediated Fabrication of Ruthenium Dioxide/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: High-Performance Electrochemical Dopamine Biosensing in Human Serum.

The presence of abnormal dopamine (DA) levels may cause serious neurological disorders, therefore, the quantitative analysis of DA and its related research are of great significance for ensuring health. Herein, the bovine serum albumin (BSA) template method has been proposed for the preparation of catalytically high-performance ruthenium dioxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube (RuO2/MWCNT) nanocomposites. The incorporation of MWCNTs has improved the active surface area and conductivity while effectively preventing the aggregation of RuO2 nanoparticles. The outstanding electrocatalytic performance of RuO2/MWCNTs has promoted the electro-oxidation of DA at neutral pH. The electrochemical sensing platform based on RuO2/MWCNTs has demonstrated a wide linear range (0.5 to 111.1 μM), low detection limit (0.167 μM), excellent selectivity, long-term stability, and good reproducibility for DA detection. The satisfactory recovery range of 94.7% to 103% exhibited by the proposed sensing podium in serum samples signifies its potential for analytical applications. The aforementioned results reveal that RuO2/MWCNT nanostructures hold promising aptitude in the electrochemical sensor to detect DA in real samples, further offering broad prospects in clinical and medical diagnosis.

Enhancing energy and environmental metrics of aqueous ammonia emulsified diesel fuel using carbon-metal oxide nanocomposites: An experimental study

The study explores the impact of a zinc oxide (ZnO) induced carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite on ammonia decomposition in aqueous ammonia (AA) emulsified diesel fuel, while evaluating performance and emissions. Functionalized CNTs induced with ZnO underwent structural and surface morphology analysis. Different concentrations of ammonium hydroxide (5 % and 10 %) were mixed with plain diesel fuel (PDF), and 100 ppm of ZnO/CNT was blended with 10 % AA emulsified fuel. Fuel performance was assessed under various brake power conditions compared to PDF. The results demonstrate that the absorption of latent heat by ammonia and its higher decomposition energy result in a longer ignition delay, thereby increasing peak in-cylinder pressure and net heat release rate. The post-combustion reaction of AA emulsified fuels contributes to increased brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke opacity. However, the dispersion of nanocomposite in AA emulsion enhances the catalytic effect and promotes ammonia decomposition, resulting in combustion characteristics similar to PDF. Notably, there is an observed improvement in BSFC by 8.1 % and BSEC by 10.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, emission metrics such as oxides of nitrogen, HC, CO, and smoke opacity decrease by 4.5 %, 18.8 %, 11.4 %, and 5 %, respectively.

One-step growth of Cu-doped carbon dots in amino-modified carbon nanotube-modified electrodes for sensitive electrochemical detection of BPA.

Copper-doped carbon dots and aminated carbon nanotubes (Cu-CDs/NH2-CNTs) nanocomposites were synthesized by a one-step growth method, and the composites were characterized for their performance. An electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed for using Cu-CDs/NH2-CNTs nanocomposites modified with glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The sensor exhibited an excellent electrochemical response to BPA in 0.2M PBS (pH 7.0) under optimally selected conditions. The linear range of the sensor for BPA detection was 0.5-160μM, and the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.13μM. Moreover, the sensor has good interference immunity, stability and reproducibility. In addition, the feasibility of the practical application of the sensor was demonstrated by the detection of BPA in bottled drinking water and Liu Yang River water.

Electrochemical sensor based on nickel selenide/hydroxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites for sensitive detection of maltol

An effective electrochemical sensor based on electrodeposition of nickel selenide nanoparticles (Ni3Se4) on the surface of a glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with hydroxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) has been successfully developed for determination of maltol. The chemical composition and morphology of Ni3Se4/MWCNTs-OH composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are employed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of maltol at Ni3Se4/MWCNTs-OH/GCE. Consequently, electrochemical sensor based on Ni3Se4/MWCNTs-OH/GCE for detection of maltol displays good electrocatalyst performance. The obtained oxidation peak current of maltol at Ni3Se4/MWCNTs-OH/GCE increases linearly with the increase in concentration of maltol in the range of 0.1 μM–2000 μM, and the calculated detection limit (LOD) is 17.5 nM (S/N = 3). In addition, the fabricated electrochemical sensor shows satisfactory stability, reliable reproducibility and excellent selectivity, and is successfully used to detect maltol in real samples with acceptable accuracy.

Tube-Like Copper Cobalt Oxide Anchored with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Nilutamide

Developing a precise and effective method to detect Nilutamide (NIL) is essential due to its contamination of the environment, which poses significant risks to human health and the biosphere. In this study, we employed a simple hydrothermal technique to create a nanocomposite of CuCo2O4 (copper cobalt oxide) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), which was then anchored onto a glassy carbon electrode for NIL detection. Various spectroscopic techniques were employed to confirm the structure of the nanomaterial, and its electrochemical properties were examined using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The CuCo2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite-modified electrode exhibited a wide linear detection range from 0.01 to 170 μM, a high sensitivity of 1.50 μA μM−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 0.01 μM, outstanding stability, repeatability, and practical applicability for NIL detection.

Enhanced interlaminar structure and dynamic mechanical properties of Tectona grandis fiber (TGF)/polypropylene fiber (PPF)/carbon nanotube (CNT) nano composite prepared solid dipping coating process

Abstract The interlaminar structure and dynamic mechanical properties of Tectona grandis fiber (TGF), polypropylene fiber (PPF), and carbon nanotube (CNT) nano composite were investigated in the current study. In order to improve the mechanical characteristics and microstructure, the present investigations used T. grandis fiber and polypropylene fiber (inorganic–organic) materials mixed with nano composite and epoxy resin. Strong bonding strength and high wear resistance were created by the silane characteristics during the coating process for the outer surface layers. Since CNT nanomaterials were directly reflected onto the outer surface, the microstructure analyses amply demonstrated that hexagonal lattice structure and crystallisation development were detected in the inner surface layer. In order to increase high stiffness and bonding strength, storage modulus and loss modulus values were applied to all composite materials, and the TGF/PPF/CNT composite materials’ hardness value was developed at 112 HV. The tensile strength of TG/PP composite was 46.7 MPa, while that of TGF/PPF/CNT composite was 57.4 MPa. Studies on wear resistance showed unequivocally that the TGF/PPF/CNT composite reduced wear and friction.

Resilient forward osmosis membranes against microplastics fouling enhanced by MWCNTs/UiO-66-NH2 hybrid nanoparticles

The escalating presence of microplastics (MPs) in wastewater necessitates the investigation of effective tertiary treatment process. Forward osmosis (FO) emerges as an effective non-pressurized membrane process, however, for the effective implementation of FO systems, the development of fouling-resistance FO membranes with high-performance is essential. This study focuses on the integration of MWCNT/UiO-66-NH2 as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanocomposites in thin film composite (TFC) FO membranes, harnessing the synergistic power of hybrid nanoparticles in FO membranes. The results showed that the addition of MWCNT/UiO-66-NH2 in the aqueous phase during polyamide formation changed the polyamide surface structure, and enhanced membranes’ hydrophilicity by 44%. The water flux of the modified FO membrane incorporated with 0.1 wt% MWCNTs/UiO-66-NH2 increased by 67% and the reverse salt flux decreased by 22% as in comparison with the control membrane. Moreover, the modified membrane showed improved antifouling behavior against both organic foulant and MPs. The MWCNT/UiO-66-NH2 membrane experienced 35% flux decline while the control membrane experienced 65% flux decline. This proves that the integration of MWCNT/UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles into TFC FO membranes is a viable approach in creating advanced FO membranes with high antifouling propensity with potential to be expanded further to other membrane applications.

Metal–Organic Frameworks-Derived FeCo/C–CNT Nanocomposites Modified Epoxy Resin for Electromagnetic Protection Coatings for Buildings

Exploring an efficient electromagnetic protection strategy for buildings is of great significance to solve the problems caused by increasing electromagnetic pollution, as the rapid progress of technology continues. In this work, FeCo alloy/carbon–carbon nanotube (FeCo/C–CNT) nanocomposites, with significant microwave absorption performance, were successfully synthesized using a simple pyrolysis method involving FeCo–ZIF MOFs precursors and added to epoxy resin to prepare a novel electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) coating. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the coating applied on the surface of the ceramic tiles was −23.89 dB at 11.37 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reached 8.85 GHz. Through microscopic characterization and analysis of the electromagnetic parameters of the FeCo/C–CNT nanocomposites, it was found that the EWA coating has an ultrabroad band wave absorption effect, mainly due to the comprehensive advantages of the polarization loss from CNTs, impedance matching, the dual loss synergy effect, and multiple reflection between the FeCo alloys, the carbon layer, and the CNTs. This study has successfully developed high-performance EWA materials and demonstrated the feasibility of an EWA coating applied to building surfaces, contributing to the improvement of electromagnetic protection functions of buildings.

Carbon and graphene based nanocomposites for gas sensors—Current state and advances

After the discovery of carbon nanoforms, carbon nanotube (one dimensional) and tube like nanostructure and graphene (two dimensional) nanosheets have gained immense research curiosity. Further nanotechnological developments have moved towards the formation of carbon nanotube nanocomposites and graphene nanocomposites. For the purpose, various matrices including thermoplastic polymers and conjugated polymers have been used. Methodology is the systematic gathering of the literature and development of a novel review outline, theme, and discussions regarding the discussed topics. Hence, varying conjugated polymers such as polyaniline, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and nonconjugated nylon, poly(ethylene glycol), etc. have been processed using techniques like in situ, solution, electropolymerization, spin coating, etc. In sensors, the nanocomposites need to develop fine nanoparticle dispersion, network formation, and interfacial interactions ultimately supporting the electron or charge transfer in these nanomaterials desirable for the recognition of the gaseous species. Moreover, interactions of the nanocomposite with the analyte molecules define the sensing capabilities of the nanomaterials. Consequently, nanocarbon nanocomposite based gas sensors have been analyzed for conductivity, change in resistance, sensitivity, selectivity, response time, detection limit, and other desirable properties. For future designs, it is recommended to develop high-tech combinations of conjugated polymers like polythiophene derivatives using functional forms of graphene and carbon nanotube. In addition, use of advanced manufacturing techniques like 3D/4D printing and spin coating must be applied to form efficient sensors. In conclusions, this manuscript presents not only comprehensive but also comparative analysis on different gas analysis parameters such as detection limit, concentration, response time, etc. for various nanocomposite sensors. Lastly, the encounters in preparing and applying graphene/carbon nanotube sensors, associated utilizations, and possible future prospects have been discussed.