Nanocomposite Samples Research Articles

Phase-Engineered MoSe2/CeO2 Composites for Room-Temperature Gas Sensing with a Drastic Discrimination of NH3 and TEA Gases.

Detecting and distinguishing between hazardous gases with similar odors by using conventional sensor technology for safeguarding human health and ensuring food safety are significant challenges. Bulky, costly, and power-hungry devices, such as that used for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), are widely employed for gas sensing. Using a single chemiresistive semiconductor or electric nose (e-nose) gas sensor to achieve this objective is difficult, mainly because of its selectivity issue. Thus, there is a need to develop new materials with tunable and versatile sensing characteristics. Phase engineering of two-dimensional materials to better utilize their physiochemical properties has attracted considerable attention. Here, we show that MoSe2 phase-transition/CeO2 composites can be effectively used to distinguish ammonia (NH3) and triethylamine (TEA) at room temperature. The phase transition of nanocomposite samples from semimetallic (1T) to semiconducting (2H) prepared at different synthesis temperatures is confirmed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A composite sensor in which the 2H phase of MoSe2 is predominant lacks discrimination capability and is less responsive to NH3 and TEA. An MoSe2/CeO2 composite sensor with a higher 1T phase content exhibits high selectivity for NH3, whereas one with a higher 2H phase content (2H > 1T) shows more selective behavior toward TEA. For example, for 50% relative humidity, the MoSe2/CeO2 sensor's signal changes from the baseline by 45% and 58% for 1 ppm of NH3 and TEA, respectively, indicating a low limit of detection (LOD) of 70 and 160 ppb, respectively. The composites' superior sensing characteristics are mainly attributed to their large specific surface area, their numerous active sites, presence of defects, and the n-n type heterojunction between MoSe2 and CeO2. The sensing mechanism is elucidated using Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and GC-MS results. Their phase-transition characteristics render MoSe2/CeO2 sensors promising for use in distributed, low-cost, and room-temperature sensor networks, and they offer new opportunities for the development of integrated advanced smart sensing technologies for environmental and healthcare.

Evaluation of the synergistic effect of nanocomposite hydrogel based on imidazolium nitrate ionic liquids for enhanced oil recovery

A comprehensive research study was conducted to examine the synergistic properties of ionic liquids, and hydrogels. Two nanocomposite hydrogel samples were created: one with ionic liquid and the other without. The samples were made using hydrogel with acrylamide (AM) backbone, Al2O3 nanoparticles, and ionic liquid [C8mim][NO3]. The effectiveness of a nanocomposite hydrogel containing an ionic liquid was tested to improve the wettability alteration and sweeping efficiency of reservoirs. Various tests were performed including IFT, electroconductivity, micromodel, SEM, and equilibrium swelling tests. The tests showed that the presence of the ionic liquid increased the swelling up to 102 %. IL increased conductivity by 124.24 % and 44.86 % at ambient temperature and 90 °C respectively. In the strain sweep test, the maximum elastic modulus for NCH-IL was recorded as 40,350 Pa, while for the sample without ionic liquid, it was 27,100 Pa. The frequency sweep test confirmed the three-dimensional structure of the gel. IL increased the maximum elastic modulus from 13,200 Pa to 27,400 Pa. The critical frequency value also increased by 87.5 %. Moreover, the suspension, which contains 1 wt% of Nanocomposite Hydrogel based on Imidazolium Nitrate Ionic Liquids, has shear-thinning properties, making it easy to inject into reservoirs. The reduction of the contact angle from 109° to 14.2° demonstrated the ability of IL to alter the wettability of NCHs. This result stemmed from the release of part of the ionic liquid within the hydrogel structure, as confirmed by the UV test. During the emulsion stability test, it was observed that the NCH-IL sample created a stable emulsion and a more complete two-phase separation than the sample without the ionic liquid. The sample that contained IL recorded 85 % and 78.4 % oil recovery in homogeneous and heterogeneous micromodels, respectively. Whereas, the sample without IL recorded 71.27 % and 60.73 % in the same micromodels.

Multiferroic properties of NiFe2O4-Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 nanocomposites

In this report, we present results on the multiferroic properties of four nanocomposite samples of NiFe2O4-Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (NFO/BCTO), which were fabricated through combinations of high-energy ball milling, heat treatment, and spark plasma sintering techniques. Structural analyses revealed that these samples simultaneously contain two phases of nano-sized NiFe2O4 (NFO) and Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (BCTO) crystals. The addition of NFO into the BCTO-host did not alter the crystal structure but significantly improved the multiferroic characteristics compared to pure BCTO. Furthermore, variations in saturation magnetization (M s) and coercivity (H c) were investigated as a function of temperature. The results showed that Ms increased gradually with the concentration of NFO. In terms of temperature dependence, M s(T) data deviated from the Bloch’s law with an exponent coefficient α changing in the range of 1.8–1.9, decreasing gradually as the NFO concentration increased. Meanwhile, H c decreased gradually as the NFO concentration increased and followed the Kneller’s law in terms of temperature dependence.

Enhancement of thermal and mechanical properties of PMMA nanocomposites by adding spark plug ceramic waste

In this research, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin was used as a base material and spark plug ceramic waste (CW) particles as a support material with different weight ratios (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 10%, 14%, and 20%) to study the thermal and mechanical properties through diffraction examination. FE-SEM surface structure images showed that the fracture surface of the (94% PMMA +6%CW) nanocomposite sample manifests a good distribution of particles at low and high levels. The result showed that the thermal conductivity (K) slightly increased until it reached the maximum value (0.6 watt/m.ºC) at the ratio (86%PMMA +14%CW). For the impact strength, it was noticed that the impact strength of PMMA increases with the increased weight ratios (1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, and 20%) of fine powder of ceramic waste compared with pure PMMA to reach the maximum value (6.02 kJ/mm2) at the sample (94% PMMA +6%CW) under L.C. Moreover, after 30 days of submersion in water, the PMMA reinforced with ceramic waste particles had enhanced impact strength. The shore D-number readings for all of the samples showed an increase as a result of the findings of nanocomposite compared with PMMA pure, where the sample (94% PMMA+6%CM) attained the greatest shore D numbers (87 H.NO). The compressive strength at the weight percentage (99% PMMA + 1% CW) was somewhat reduced. Then the compressive strength increased till it reached its maximum value (29.94 MPa) at the weight percentage (94% PMMA + 6% CW).

Understanding magnetic interactions in SrFe12O19/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites: role of particle structure on exchange spring magnet behaviour

This study explores the impact of particle structure on the magnetic properties of SrFe12O19/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites. The investigation focuses on variations in particle sizes of SrFe12O19 (SHF) and CoFe2O4 (COF) with a mass ratio of 80:20, considering micro-scale poly-crystallite particles (Pp) and nano-scale mono-crystallite particles (Mp). Four sample structures (COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4) were prepared, each with different combinations of poly-crystallite and mono-crystallite particles. Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed consistent grain shape and size post-sintering. Magnetic properties analysis using Permagraph indicated that grain fineness and uniformity influence the resulting magnetic properties, with composite samples featuring nano-sized hard or soft phases showing improved M r , M s , and (BH) max values compared to individual phases. The nanocomposite sample COM4, characterized by fine and uniform particle size, exhibited the highest remanence magnetization, M r (34.55 emu g−1), saturation magnetization, M s (66.44 emu g−1), and the maximum energy product, (BH) max (1.17 MGOe).

Influence of GO content on the optical, magnetic and dielectric properties of the BaFe12O19/GO nanocomposites

In this research, BaFe12O19/GO (GO:10, 20, 40, and 50 wt%) nanocomposites were synthesized by sol–gel auto combustion method and their structural, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties were investigated. The x-ray diffraction results for all nanocomposites validate the formation of a hexagonal phase of Ba hexaferrite. The crystallite size decreased with incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) in the hexaferrite phase and making the nanocomposites. In the FESEM analysis, a change in the surface morphology was observed with an increase in the percentage of GO for samples BFO-40GO and BFO-50GO. The band gap energy of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing the amount of the graphene oxide. Measurements of the magnetic hysteresis loop for all nanocomposites were conducted using a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. By increasing the percentage of GO, a decrease in the saturation magnetization was observed for the samples. A decrease in dielectric constant and loss function were also detected at low frequencies when the GO continent goes up. The nanocomposite sample of BFO-40GO exhibited the highest observed value for real part of the Modulus.

A comprehensive study of laser irradiated hydrothermally synthesized 2D layered heterostructure V2O5(1−x)MoS2(x) (X = 1–5%) nanocomposites for photocatalytic application

Abstract It has been studied that both two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 and V2O5, which are classified as transition metal dichalcogenides and transition metal oxides, are good photocatalyst materials. For this purpose, the hydrothermal method was practiced to synthesize V2O5(1−x)MoS2(x) (X = 1–5% w/w) nanocomposites with different 1–5% w/w weight percent of MoS2 as a prominent photocatalyst under laser irradiation for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min to tune photocatalytic degradation of industrial wastage water. The surface of the 2D molybdenum nanolayered matrix was efficaciously decorated with V2O5 nanoparticles. The crystal phase and layered structures of the V2O5(1−x)MoS2(x) (X = 1–5% w/w) nanocomposites samples were verified by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively. In the range of the UV visible spectrum, the increment in light absorption from 3.6 to 14.5 Ω−1 cm−1 with an increase of active surface from 108 to 169 μ m 2 {{\rm{\mu }}{\rm{m}}}^{2} with increased MoS2 doping percentage. Furthermore, dielectric findings like the complex dielectric function, tangent loss, electrical conductivity, quality factors, and impedance of V2O5(1−x)MoS2(x) (X = 1–5% w/w) nanocomposites are studied. According to photoluminescence studies, the intensity of peaks decreases when laser irradiation time and doping percentages of MoS2 are increased. As a result, a small peak indicates a decrement rate of electron–hole pair recombination, which increases the capacity for separation. Thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis results revealed that weight loss decreased from 0.69 to 0.35 mg and thermal stability increased with increased doping concentrations. Methylene blue was degraded in 150 min, proving that the prepared MoS2-doped V2O5 material was a stable and economically low-cost nanocomposite for photocatalytic activity.

Evaluation of tribo-mechanical measurements and thermal expansion of Cu-based nanocomposites reinforced by high strength hybrid ceramics

It is known that Copper’s (Cu) electrical conductivity makes it a desirable material for use in industry. Due to poor properties such as hardness, thermal expansion, and corrosion resistance, its applications are limited. This manuscript solves these problems while maintaining no breakdown in electrical conductivity. In this study, high-strength ceramics (SiC nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets) were used as reinforcements in the manufacture of Cu-based hybrid nanocomposites using powder metallurgy technique. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to investigate phase composition and crystal size of the milled powders. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively examined the microstructure of the prepared powder powders and sintered nanocomposites. Then, various properties of the sintered samples are measured, including physical, electrical and thermal properties and wear resistance. The obtained XRD technique and TEM images showed decreases in the crystal and particle size of milled samples reaching up to 14.08 and 28.30 nm, respectively for the sample contained 8 vol. % SiC + 0.8 vol. % graphene (SG8). A surprising improvement in the mechanical properties of up to 809.15, 341.84 MPa and 336.56 GPa for microhardness, strength and longitudinal modulus for the sample containing the highest reinforcements, achieving an improvement of up to 122, 61.37 and 41 percent compared to the Cu matrix. Moreover, there was a noticeable improvement in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and wear rate values of the samples by increasing the percentages of hybrid reinforcements in the examined sintered nanocomposite samples. The Sample SG8 recorded the lowest value, decreasing by about 50.2 and 76.5% compared to the SG1 sample. Finally, adding reinforcements to the Cu matrix had a negative effect on the relative density and electrical conductivity, and the lowest values was 92.94% and8.59 × 106 S/m, respectively for the SG sample.

Study of the influence of hybrid filler on the strain sensitivity of nanocomposite material

The reflector of spacecraft is in operation in an open and folded position, so an urgent task is to develop strain gauges that determine the position of the reflector. The paper presents a study of the influence of a hybrid filler on the value of the strain resistance coefficient of a flexible strain-resistive element made of a nanocomposite material and describes the technological process of its manufacture using the vacuum infusion method. As a hybrid filler, a composition was used containing an electrically conductive component (carbon nanotubes) and a solid component (silicon carbide), which promotes uniform distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix. Using the rotational rheometer, the content of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was determined at which the limiting level of viscosity for impregnation of glass fiber with a binder is achieved. The distribution features of the filler in the nanocomposite material were studied using a scanning electron microscope at the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Collective Use of the Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS. In the course of the work, the influence of the content of the hybrid filler on the tensoresistive properties of the nanocomposite material was determined. The maximum values of the tensor resistance coefficient were observed at the initial stage of the study (stretching 0.05 %): with a stretch of 0.1 mm with a total length of 200 mm for samples of nanocomposite material with a SiC hybrid filler of 1, 5 and 10 % and is 38, 40 and 40 The tensoresistance coefficient of nanocomposite material samples containing 1, 5 and 10 % SiC hybrid filler at maximum stretch (1 %) is about 19, 21 and 22, respectively.

Experimental investigation of tailoring functionalized carbon-based nano additives infused phase change material for enhanced thermal energy storage

The advancement of phase change materials (PCMs) as potential thermal energy storage (TES) materials for building envelopes holds promise for efficient energy utilization. However, the PCMs have a major drawback during energy storage, which is lower thermal conductivity, leading to inadequate heat transfer performance and energy storage density. The foremost objective is to formulate a nanocomposite by dispersing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in salt hydrate PCM with the presence of surfactant. A two-step technique is employed to formulate the nanocomposites with different weight concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 %) of carbon-based nanoparticles and these nanocomposites are thoroughly characterized to explore the thermophysical properties. Resulting the nanocomposite demonstrates a significant improvement in thermal conductivity, increasing by 91.45 %, which can be attributed to the well-developed thermal networks with the PCM matrix. The nanocomposite samples exhibit extreme thermal stability up to 477 °C with a slight enhancement of 4.6 %. Optical investigations further confirmed that the transmissibility of PCM decreased to 8.3 % from 62.8 %, indicating an enhanced absorption capability due to the dark color nature of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the formulated nanocomposite demonstrated both chemical and thermal stability, with negligible changes in melting enthalpy even after 300 cycles of heating and cooling operations. Additionally, a numerical simulation analysis of 2D heat transfer was performed using Energy 2D software to demonstrate the efficacy of thermal conductivity in heat transfer. The thermally energized nanocomposite is suitable for medium-temperature TES applications such as photovoltaic thermal systems, building applications, textiles, electronic cooling, and desalination systems.

Stereolithography 3D Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Spin Crossover@Polymer Nanocomposites with Optimized Actuating Properties.

We used stereolithography to print polymer nanocomposite samples of stimuli-responsive spin crossover materials in the commercial photo-curable printing resins DS3000 and PEGDA-250. The thermomechanical analysis of the SLA-printed objects revealed not only the expected reinforcement of the polymer resins by the introduction of the stiffer SCO particles, but also a significant mechanical damping, as well as a sizeable linear strain around the spin transition temperatures. For the highest accessible loads (ca. 13-15 vol.%) we measured transformation strains in the range of 1.2-1.5%, giving rise to peaks in the coefficient of thermal expansion as high as 10-3 °C-1, which was exploited in 3D printed bilayer actuators to produce bending movement. The results pave the way for integrating these advanced stimuli-responsive composites into mechanical actuators and 4D printing applications.

Improved EMI Shielding Behavior of Barium Ferrite Coated Carbon Fibers in Low‐Density Polyethylene Composites with an Optimized Electroless Coating Process

AbstractThis study describes using carbon fibers coated with magnetic material as a filler in polyethylene for EMI shielding. It investigates how to utilize barium ferrite (BaFeO3) as a conducting filler in a polyethylene matrix by optimizing the conditions for its electroless deposition onto carbon fibers. Various polymer nanocomposite samples were prepared using varying concentrations of BFO@CF. Scanning electron microscopy is used to assess the surface appearance of the composite and the distribution of BFO@CF within the polymer matrix. Including MWCNT/graphene nanoplatelets exhibit superior shielding properties, and the polymer composite with the BFO@CF demonstrates enhanced mechanical properties. The 8.2 to 12.4 GHz frequency range is used to study the EMI shielding properties. For the composition ratio of LDPE: MWCNT: GNP: BFO@CF (50 : 5 : 47.5 : 2.5), a maximum shielding of 67 dB was attained. After BFO@CF was added to the matrix, the absorption mechanism rather than the reflection mechanism dominated the shielding mechanism. A thorough evaluation and discussion of the shielding mechanism and parameters are presented.

Synthesis and dielectric properties of polyvinyl chloride/zinc oxide nanocomposites

AbstractBecause of its special structural and functional characteristics, poly(vinyl chloride)/zinc oxide nanocomposite (PVC/ZnO) exhibits great potential in a variety of electrical, optical, water treatment, and medical applications. According to that, this study was carried out to examine the AC electrical properties of the prepared PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films using the AC impedance techniques. The PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films were prepared by casting method by weight% concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% ZnO nanoparticle. Each mixture was fabricated in film and casted in 5 cm × 5 cm glass caste. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the nanocomposites samples. The results of the FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the PVC/ZnO nanocomposites confirmed the presence of peaks characteristic of the vibration of the ZnO bond. XRD revealed that pure PVC films are partially crystalline with hallow peak but ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure, and the nanocomposite films were almost the same as those of ZnO with decrease in the degree of crystallization, causing increase in the amorphous region. The surface of the films was analyzed by SEM, which becomes rough with some small aggregates compared with pure PVC with good distribution in the entire surface region with bright spots. The electrical properties AC conductivity (), real dielectric constant (), imaginary dielectric constant (), real electrical modulus (), and imaginary electric modulus () were studied in the frequency range 2–6 MHz and temperature range 293–313 K for the prepared film studied. The results showed that the properties of the PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films were found to be dependent on the frequency, and the concentration of the ZnO nanoparticle in the PVC polymer matrix. In addition, the results of the study show that there is a sharp increase in the , with increasing of temperature. In contrast, the other parameters, that is, , , , and are temperature independence.Highlights PVC/ZnO nanocomposite films with different weight% concentrations of ZnO nanoparticle were prepared. AC electrical properties were measured using AC impedance techniques. The nanocomposites samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Electrical properties , , , , and were found to be frequency and temperature dependences.

Bryophyllum Pinnatum leaf extract mediated MoS2/ZnO nanocomposite for robust photocatalysis applications

One of the primary problems of the twenty-first century is the removal or degradation of organic dyes and antibiotics from water systems since they both contribute significantly to water pollution. To address this issue, molybdenum disulfide and zinc oxide nanocomposite (MoS2/ZnO) were produced by simple, eco-friendly and low cost process using Bryophyllum pinnatum (leaf) phytoextract (BPP) as a reducing as well as capping agent. The prepared BPP-mediated MoS2/ZnO nanocomposite (BP-MoS2/ZnO NC) samples were characterized through various techniques including powder XRD, Rietveld refinement, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FESEM, DLS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The BP-MoS2/ZnO samples were further tested for their use in the sunlight-powered photocatalytic breakdown of methylene blue (MB) and their efficiency to break MB molecules was contrasted with the BPP-mediated ZnO (BP-ZnO), Chemical ZnO (Ch-ZnO) and pure MoS2. The photocatalytic investigation reveals a remarkable enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnO when sensitized with MoS2. These results underscore the synergistic effect achieved by combining ZnO and MoS2. Notably, we found that the optimal catalytic performance is achieved at a Mo atomic percentage of 2 % relative to Zn, emphasizing the importance of precise control for maximizing efficacy. Under sun exposure, 0.5 g/L of BP-MoS2/ZnO resulted in 89.35 % photodegradation of a 20 mg/L MB solution with a rate constant of 0.07537 min-1, which was around 10.42 %, 28.51 %, and 51.86 % greater than BP-ZnO, Ch-ZnO, and pure MoS2, respectively. Further, the efficacy of the BP-MoS2/ZnO NC as solar-driven photocatalysts for removal of pharmaceutical drugs (Amoxicillin & Metronidazole) and textile dyes (Methyl orange) pollutants in sunlight was also investigated. These results show that Bryophyllum extract-mediated MoS2/ZnO is a promising material for solar-based photocatalytic applications.

Poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate)-silver/reduced graphene oxide-nano hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for bone cement applications

Herein, we report (polystyrene-co-polymethylmethacrylate/silver/reduced graphene oxide)-(nano-hydroxyapatite) ((PS-PMMA/Ag/RGO)-(nHA)) nanocomposites as potential bone cement. The polymer nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nano-indentation, thermal, and electron microscopic methods. The FT-IR and XRD results confirmed the successful formation of the nanocomposites. The elastic modulus (E) was found to be 6.85 GPa, and hardness (H) was 0.181 GPa for the nanocomposite bone cement samples, while the E and H values of commercial counterparts are 7.22 and 0.218 GPa, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has revealed that the nanocomposite bone cement are stable up to 371 °C. The addition of nHA enhances the biocompatibility of bone cement. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted using human osteosarcoma MG63 cell lines. In-vitro studies showed that the material does not display any toxicity on the MG63 cell line, and increased concentration of nHA did not significantly impact the material’s toxicity, only impacting the curing kinetics of the cement.

Tribo-mechanical performance of Al-nano TiC composites processed by microwave-assisted powder metallurgy

This study aims to investigate the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological characteristics of Al-nano TiC composites. The microwave-sintered nanocomposites were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopes, providing valuable insights into the spatial distribution and interaction of TiC within the matrix material. Microstructure characterization confirmed the uniform dispersion of nano TiC particles throughout the Al. Furthermore, the microwave-sintered nanocomposite samples displayed greater hardness than pure aluminum, indicating the strengthening impact of nano-TiC. Al-6 wt.% nanocomposites fabricated using microwave-sintered powder metallurgy showcased an impressive hardness rating of 51 VHN. The assessment of tribological properties revealed that a higher TiC concentration reduced wear rate, showcasing improved surface protection. However, it was observed that the friction coefficient rise with the addition of nano-TiC particles, implying changes in the bonding between the composite and the interacting surface. The thorough examination of worn surfaces yielded insights into the wear mechanisms present in the nanocomposite materials. Detailed examination of worn surfaces highlighted the formation of protective oxide layers, contributing to the improved wear resistance. This research contributes to our understanding of the complex interactions occurring during tribological processes by clarifying the morphological features of worn surfaces.

Investigating ultrasonic dispersion of nanostructured silica for nanocomposite materials application

This article presented the results of investigating the influence of ultrasonic dispersion of nanostructured silica that has been referred to nanosilica (n-SiO2) into unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin for nanocomposite materials application. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method was employed to analyze the dispersion characteristics in this work. The optimally suitable ultrasonic factors have been identified including ultrasound frequency amplitude of 60%, ultrasound time of 120 minutes. Also, the bending strength measurement results of nanocomposite samples have shown that nanosilica material addition has increased significantly the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite material based on UPE resin. This also has shown the possibility of using n-SiO2 as a reinforcing agent for nanocomposite materials applications.

Sustainable high-speed milling enhancement of GnP-reinforced titanium nanocomposites under dry environment

No studies have been done on using graphene nanostructure reinforcement material to improve titanium alloy's dry high-speed machining performance, which is crucial for green manufacturing. This study seeks to understand the impact of graphene on improving the high-speed machining of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) nanocomposites. High-density Ti64-based nanocomposite samples with varying amounts of GnPs (0 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 1.2 wt%, and 2.4 wt%) were fabricated using ball milling and HFIHS sustainable technologies. Subsequently, a detailed investigation was conducted to examine the impact of the GnP contents on high-speed milling performance, namely, cutting force components, surface quality, and machined surface and subsurface microhardness. The variable milling parameters include the cutting speed and feed rate. The results showed that the inclusion of GnPs significantly affected the dry high-speed milling of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites containing 1.2 wt% and 2.4 wt% of GnP-Ti64 exhibited lower cutting forces than the base-Ti64 without GnP (0 wt% Gnp). At a 100 m/min cutting speed, the cutting and feed forces decreased by 35% and 44%, respectively, compared to the base-Ti64 specimens. This is attributed to lower machining friction due to the presence of graphene and TiC (formed due to the reaction of Ti and GnP particles during sintering) at grain boundaries, facilitating material removal and reducing cutting force. Although the nanocomposites had a higher microhardness, they all showed improved surface quality in comparison to the base-Ti64 specimens. For example, at a feed rate of 270 mm/min the nanocomposites contain 0.6 wt%, 1.2 wt%, and 2.4 wt.% GnPs showed roughness reductions of 6%, 27%, and 38%, respectively, compared to the base-Ti64. Regarding surface and sub-surface hardness after machining, the 2.4 wt.% GnP samples showed superior performance in terms of minimal post-milling hardness variations compared to the base hardness of the material. All GnP-Ti64 milled specimens showed considerably improved surface morphology compared to the base-Ti64 machined specimens. Overall, the nanocomposites containing 1.2 wt% and 2.4 wt% GnPs are strong contenders for reducing cutting forces, enhancing surface roughness, and lowering the fluctuations in microhardness, leading to green manufacturing.

Synthesis, characterization and microwave absorption properties of BaFe12O19/Ni0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4@ polyaniline nanocomposites with different ferrite percentages

AbstractIn this paper, BaFe12O19/Ni0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4@PANI core‐shell nanocomposites were synthesized with different ferrite/PANI ratios. The Ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by the auto‐combustion sol–gel method. Chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in acidic solution along with adding ferrite nanoparticles to the composition was used for the synthesis of nanocomposites. The product then was studied by X‐ray diffractometer)XRD(, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The magnetic properties of samples were investigated with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Also, nanocomposite samples were examined in terms of the ability to absorb microwaves. Using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). the reflection loss (RL) of nanocomposites was measured at frequencies between 2 and 18 GHz. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) was obtained at −36.98 dB at the frequency of 13.8 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.87 GHz for the sample with the equal ratio of ferrite/PANI. Synthesized nanocomposite as an effective compound has very high reflection loss in a wide frequency range.Highlights Thermal stability is improved by adding ferrite nanoparticles to polyaniline. The polymer shell reduces the magnetic properties of ferrite nanoparticles. There is a strong exchange coupling between hard and soft ferrite. Ferrite/polymer ratio of 1:1 has the lowest amount of reflection loss. In the X and Ku band, magnetic loss is mainly caused by eddy currents.

CNT/TiO2 nanocomposite for environmental remediation

Abstract Nanomaterials and their composites have been proven to be effective materials for various energy and environmental applications. In this way, functionalized polymers and their nanocomposites (NCs) are receiving much attention due to their tunable physico-chemical characteristics, cost and ease of availability. As an environmental application, particularly the removal of toxic dyes, photocatalysis has been reported as an emerging technology. The literature survey shows that functionalized polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) as photocatalysts offer an extensive contribution towards the generation of clean, renewable, and practical forms of energy from light-based pollutant removal as environmental remediation. Here, the present concept provides a brief introduction to the field of photocatalysis and environmental remediation, followed by the application of functionalized PNCs. In this view, TiO2–NCs are reported to be effective photocatalytic materials. In the present study, CNT-doped TiO2 NCs samples have been prepared using the sol–gel method and their photocatalytic activity has been investigated through a dye degradation experiment. Compared to the present studies, here the CNT content taken is very low, and it is found to be effective for the dye degradation part of an environmental cleaning application.