Nanocatalyst Research Articles

Efficient biological activity of acridine synthesised by using efficient nano catalyst

A simple and efficient protocol for 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexa hydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione (MPTH) was synthesised by conventional method by using efficient nano catalyst. The crystallite sizes (L) and surface area (S) of TiO2 are 10.44 nm and 140.32 m2/g. MPTH displayed wide inhibitions on the KB cell appearance with IC50 values 25.06 μg. The IC50 values of the MPTH imply that methoxy substituted compound holds more inhibitory effect against the cancer cells.

Photocatalytic degradation of acid blue 74 by Co: WO3 nanoparticles: Kinetics and response surface methodology studies

Energy-efficient sol-gel synthesis was achieved through the microwave assisted self-combustion route to produce hexagonal Tungsten oxide semiconductor (WO3). The photocatalytic activity was enhanced by doping Cobalt (Co) into the crystalline structure of the nanoparticle, which were subsequently sintered at 400 °C for an hour. The structural and morphological properties of the Co-doped WO3 were revealed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. The nanoparticles exhibited an amorphous structure before annealing, due to the short heating time during combustion synthesis. Sintering the nanoparticle transformed the nanoparticle from a monoclinic phase to orthorhombic phase structure. Additional analysis techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum analysis (EDS).To assess the photocatalytic performance of these particles, Acid Blue 74 (AB 74) was employed in photodegradation experiments under UV light irradiation within a semi-continuous reactor.The photodegradation of dye molecules was evaluated utilizing a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, and the mineralization efficiency of the dye was determined through total organic carbon analysis (TOC). The results indicated that the dimension of the synthesized nano catalyst fell within the range of 70–120 nm, and it exhibited the ability to completely degrade a solution with an initial dye concentration of 20 ppm within 60 min. Various parameters affecting the photocatalytic reaction, including the photocatalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature of the dye solution were also investigated. The experiments were designed using Response surface methodology (RSM), through which a mathematical model for the dye removal process was developed.

Photocatalytic evaluation of disperse purple dye using Polyvinylpyrrolidone capped bare and Cu+2/Fe+3 codoped ZnO nano catalysts

Polyvinylpyrrolidone capped bare zinc oxide and codoped with cupric and ferric ions, have been fabricated by a facile polyol reduction method with ethylene glycol. The as-fabricated nanoparticles were calcinated to control their size and morphology. The fabricated nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-rays, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy. The results showed phase pure nanoparticles with wurtzite zinc oxide structure, and a blue shift in absorbance spectrum when zinc oxide was codoped with cupric and ferric ions.The study examined the degradation rate of disperse purple dye using bare and codoped zinc oxide nanoparticles in the solar region. Codoped nanocatalysts showed superior efficiency compared to bare zinc oxide. The kinetic analysis of the dye was conducted, revealing that the degradation of the dye followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics pattern. Furthermore, about 99 % degradation of the dye solution in 110 min by codoped zinc oxide as compared to bare zinc oxide (84 %) under solar light suggests Cu+2/Fe+3 codoped zinc oxide is an emerging tool for environmental remediation.

The support effect on the performance of a MOF-derived Co-based nano-catalyst in Fischer Tropsch synthesis.

The catalyst plays a central role in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process, and the choice of catalyst support significantly impacts FTS catalyst performance by enhancing its attributes. In this study, the effects of utilizing various metal oxides-CeO2, ZrO2, and TiO2-on a cobalt-based FTS nanocatalyst are investigated by evaluating the catalyst's reducibility, stability, syngas chemisorption, intermediate species spillover, charge transfer, and metal-support interaction (MSI). This evaluation is conducted both theoretically and experimentally through diverse characterization tests and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Characterization tests reveal that the ceria-supported catalyst (Ceria Nano Catalyst, CNC) demonstrates the highest reducibility, stability, CO chemisorption, and spillover, while the zirconia-supported catalyst (Zirconia Nano Catalyst, ZNC) exhibits the highest hydrogen chemisorption and spillover. The MD simulation results align well with these findings; for instance, ZNC has the lowest hydrogen adsorption enthalpy (ΔHAds.), whereas CNC has the lowest ΔHAds. for CO. Additionally, MD simulations indicate that the titania-supported catalyst (Titania Nano Catalyst, TNC) possesses the highest MSI value, closely resembling that of ZNC, albeit with a minor difference. The TNC catalyst's performance in other tests is also similar to that of ZNC. Finally, FTS performance tests illustrate that the ZNC catalyst achieves the highest CO conversion at 88.1%, while the CNC catalyst presents the lowest CO conversion at 82.2%. Notably, the CNC catalyst showcases the highest durability, with only a 4.4% loss in CO conversion and an 8.55% loss in C5+ yield after 192 h of operation.

Sensing and conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol using Ag-decorated zinc oxide nanocatalyst

The modelled and simulated high-performance Ag decorated ZnO nano catalyst depicted outstanding properties for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH and H2O molecules with an enhanced sensing response and recovery time, that provide insight into reaction mechanism.

Green and efficient synthesis of 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonitriles utilizing novel modified LDH.

This research introduced a novel nano catalyst, LDH@PTRMS@DCMBA@CuI, developed from nano copper immobilized on a layered double hydroxide modified with a new type of sulfonamide: N 1,N 3-dicarbamimidoylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide (DCMBA). This catalyst demonstrated significant activity and selectivity in synthesizing 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonitrile derivatives. The derivatives were produced via a three-component one-pot reaction combining benzaldehydes, malononitrile, and phenyl hydrazine in H2O/EtOH solvent at 55 °C. This innovative synthesis strategy offered several advantages, including eco-friendliness, simplicity, stability, mild reaction conditions, easy purification of products, short reaction times (15-27 min), and excellent yields (85-93%). Additionally, the green methodology was validated by the catalyst's reusability over four consecutive cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.

Elevating Sustainability and Profitability: Non-Precious Metal Nano Catalysts for Maximizing Yield and Calorific Value in Asphalt Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis has proven to be a promising method for converting complex organic materials such as asphalt into high-value products. In an effort to increase the economic efficiency of this process, we investigated the use of non-precious metal nano catalysts for asphalt pyrolysis. Non-precious metal nano catalysts were chosen because of their potential to increase reaction rates and optimize product yields. This research involves the preparation of non-precious metal nano catalysts and their implementation in the asphalt pyrolysis process. The temperature and pyrolysis time variables are varied to determine optimal conditions. The results showed that the use of non-precious metal nano catalysts resulted in a significant increase in the yield of pyrolysis products, with the highest yield reaching 50.78%. In addition, the calorific value of the resulting product also increased to 10684 calories per gram. The main advantage of this research is the emphasis on economic aspects. The use of non-precious metal nano catalysts effectively increases the efficiency of the pyrolysis process, leading to higher product yields and greater calorific values. Thus, the use of non-precious metal nano catalysts makes a positive contribution in reducing production costs on an industrial scale. These findings provide new insights in the development of pyrolysis technology that is sustainable and economical and encourages a wiser use of natural resources through the use of bitumen and other complex organic materials.

Green Synthesis of Nano catalysts for Sustainable Petrochemical Refining

Green Synthesis of Nano catalysts for Sustainable Petrochemical Refining

Intensification of Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Ponceau S using Fe - Doped and Undoped ZnO Nano Catalyst

Fe-doped ZnO nano catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The intrinsic characteristics of a prepared nano Fe-doped ZnO catalyst were studied using a variety of techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In this study, degradation of Ponceau S as a dye pollutant was investigated in the presence of ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO nano catalyst using sonolysis, photocatalysis, sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis. The UV light and ultrasonic probsonicator at 20 kHz and 150 W powers were used as an irradiation source. The effect of H2O2 on sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation was investigated. At optimum conditions the dye degradation efficiency was influenced by addition of H2O2, the highest dye degradation was obtained as 98 % by US+UV+Fe-doped ZnO+H2O2 for 40 mg/L dye concentration after 90min. The experimental kinetic data followed the pseudo-first order model in doped and undoped sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic processes but the rate constant of sonophotocatalysis is higher than sonocatalysis and photocatalysis process. The sonophotocatalysis was always faster than the respective individual processes due to the more formation of reactive radicals as well as the increase of the active surface area of nano catalyst.

Ultrasound-enhanced nano catalyst with ferroptosis-apoptosis combined anticancer strategy for metastatic uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary ocular tumor owing to its highly invasive and metastatic characteristics. Currently, standard clinical treatment has an unsatisfied curative effect due to the lack of an effective approach to inhibit the tumor metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new strategy that can both restraint local tumors and suppress the ocular tumor metastasis. Herein, we developed ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles (FeP NPs) that can both hinder the growth of in situ ocular tumor and prevent the tumor metastasis through the ferroptosis-apoptosis combined-anticancer strategy. The FeP NPs were assembling by stimulating gallic acid-Fe (III) and paclitaxel, then could be internalized into tumor cells under the cooperative effect of ultrasound, which further activates the intracellular Fenton reaction and generates high reactive oxygen species levels, ultimately leading to mitochondrial damage, lipid per-oxidation, and apoptosis. The FeP NPs can efficiently inhibit the tumor growth in an orthotopic uveal melanoma model. More importantly, the level of the promoting-metastatic factor nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) secreted by cancer cells is significantly reduced, further limits cancer metastasis to the cervical lymph node and finally inhibits lung metastasis of uveal melanoma. We believe that these designed ultrasound-enhanced nanoparticles possess potential clinical application for preventing the regeneration and metastasis of uveal melanoma.

Mild efficient green multicomponent sythesis of bis (PYRAZOL-5-OL) derivative using cobalt doped zinc nano catalyst

Co-Doped-Zn nano catalyst has been developed to produce bis (pyrazol-5-ol) moieties from aromatic aldehydes in an eco-friendly, solvent-free manner. Compared to the current method, the new methodology is simpler to set up, has milder reaction conditions and is more ecologically friendly. The catalyst used in this procedure is cheap, gives excellent yield and makes it easy to isolate the products in a sustainable manner.

Sustainable solutions for clean water: Green synthesized Cu-Ag-Bimetallic nanoparticles based nano catalyst

The green synthesis of copper (Cu)-silver (Ag) bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu-Ag BMNPs) using Argyreia nervosa (AN) plant leaf extract as a dual reducing and stabilizing agent is an eco-friendly and sustainable method with significant potential for diverse photo-catalytic applications. This study explores the photo-catalytic activity of biosynthesized Cu-Ag-BMNPs employing methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light. FTIR analysis reveals bio-functional groups and chemical bands, while SEM and XRD analyses provide morphological and structural details. UV–Vis spectroscopy indicates absorption peaks at 300–350 nm for CuNPs, 350–550 nm for AgNPs, and 400–550 nm for Cu-Ag-BMNPs, with an optical band gap of 3.6 eV. The results demonstrate an 85% dye degradation rate, underscoring the efficiency of Cu-Ag-BMNPs as photo-catalysts for environmentally friendly remediation. We assessed the rate constant governing the degradation of MB dye by Cu-Ag-BMNPs, employing the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. This green synthesis approach not only minimizes hazardous chemical use but also leverages the inherent bioactive properties of the plant extract, showcasing promise in addressing water pollution through organic contaminant removal.

Effects of solvents on structure and energy of 6-amino-2-mercapto-3H-pyrimidin-4-one: A computational study

6-amino-2-mercapto-3H-pyrimidin-4-one (AMP) is a π-conjugated organic molecule extensively used as a semiconductor in many optoelectronic devices. The computational hybrid meta-generalized gradient Minnesota M06-2x, ωB97XD, and B3LYP functionals in conjunction with the correlation consistent polarized valence triplet zeta (cc-pVTZ) basis set and the moderate composite CBS-QB3 procedure were used with the aid of the Gaussian 09 program and the kinetic and statistical thermodynamical package (KiSThelP) in the temperature range 250–400 K to investigate the behavior of AMP in the gas phase, and in different polar (water, ethanol), and non-polar (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone)) solvents. Non-linear optical (NLO) characteristics and quantum chemical parameters were examined. Natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) was used to characterize the charge transfer of the electron density in the investigated compounds. The quality of the methods used was inspected and compared to give accurate results. The stability of AMP can be returned to the hyper conjugative interactions that leading to its nonlinear optical activity. Also, the charge delocalization was analyzed using natural bond orbital technique. The molecular electrostatic potential surfaces (MEPS) plots have been generated. The rate coefficients of tautomerization processes (kuni, in s−1) were calculated from the transition state theory (TST) and unimolecular Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) methods. The results indicate comparable chemical rates obtained from TST and RRKM. In addition, positive temperature dependencies were located for all channels and a high dominance of transferring H-atom from the external N-atom to the S-atom (R3 reaction) during the applied temperature range which can return to its lower activation energy. This study is the first stone in studying AMP under different conditions such as the atmosphere, combustion conditions and as a nano catalyst.

Simultaneous different mechanisms for the efficient synthesis of β-enaminones: 12-tungstocobaltic acid-supported on nano silica as an electron transfer and Brønsted acid nano catalyst

Abstract In the present study, 12-tungestocobaltic acid, H5CoW12O40, was immobilized on nano silica from rice husk (CoW@NSiO2) to develop a novel, efficient, heterogeneous and recyclable nano catalyst for the synthesis of β-enaminones. It is apparent from acidity and cyclic voltammetric measurements that, the catalyst is electroactive and undergoes reversible redox transitions, as well as it is contains strong acid sites and mobile protons. As evidenced from mechanistic investigations, CoW@NSiO2 can catalyze the synthesis of β-enaminones with two simultaneous ways: electron transfer and Brønsted acid mechanisms. In order to confirm the synthesis of enaminones through simultaneous mechanisms of electron transfer and acidity, the model reaction was carried out in the presence of K5Co as an electroactive catalyst and CoW@NSiO2 with electron scavenger as an acid catalyst. The results showed that the reaction proceeded simultaneously through both mechanisms. There is evidence that the electron transfer property of this catalyst is most pronounced in this type of organic reactions. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance, and the methodology proved to be versatile, yielding excellent results across a wide range of substrates. It is worth mentioning that aliphatic amines were well-tolerated in the process and produced β-enaminone compounds with excellent yields and short reaction times. Also, reactions with dimedone, a cyclic 1,3-diketone, delivered moderate product yields. Additionally, the catalyst showed remarkable recyclability, maintaining its activity for a minimum of five consecutive cycles without any noticeable decline. Notably, the cyclic voltammetric and acidity measurements revealed that the catalyst’s electron transfer property and Brønsted acidity remained unchanged after five runs.

Nanocrystal engineering: Unraveling bioactivities and augmented photocatalytic degradation of ZnO and Cr-doped ZnO via green and chemical synthesis routes

Herein, we focused on the combined investigation of physicochemical traits and multifunctional bioactivity of ZnO and Cr-doped ZnO NPs synthesized by chemical and green synthesis methods. The green synthesis was accomplished by utilizing Azadirachta Indica leaf extracts which include the phytochemicals azadirachtin and nimbolide function as prominent therapeutic agents in diagnosis. The XRD and TEM analysis evidences all the prepared NPs exhibit hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the change in crystallinity of ZnO NPs with Cr substitution has been examined. The optical properties show that Cr inclusion effectively changes the optical band gap of pure ZnO NPs, confirming the quantum confinement effect. The synthesized NPs were employed to investigate photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) dye in an aqueous environment under UV irradiation. The Rh-B dye effectively degraded within 180 min in the presence of synthesized nano catalyst at room temperature. Further, the synthesized NPs were subjected to investigate their bio-potency for microbicidal and cytotoxicity properties. The biosynthesized Cr-ZnO NPs exhibit significant cytotoxicity against A-549 lung cancer cells with the lowest IC50 value (21.79 µg/ml) and also demonstrate good antioxidant activity with the highest percentage of inhibition 81.23 % as measured by the DPPH scavenging assay in contrast to other NPs. In addition, the chemically synthesized Cr-ZnO NPs found the highest inhibition activity (90.78 %) for antidiabetic efficiency of Alpha-amylase enzyme assay and also shows significant antibacterial activities with a higher zone of inhibition (17 mm) against gram-positive Bacillus cereus over other samples. Thus, this study highlights ZnO NPs versatile attributes, paving the way for promising biomedical and environmental uses.

Phytosynthesizing gold nanoparticles: Characterization, bioactivity, and catalysis evaluation

Worldwide health problem generally due to the lack of widespread and comprehensive early detection methods, the associated poor prognosis of patients diagnosed in later stages of the disease and its increasing incidence on a global scale. Indeed, the struggle to fight cancer is one of the greatest challenges of mankind. Centella Asiatica (CA) and Andrographis Paniculata (AP) are two medicinal plant extracts used in the environmentally friendly extracellular production of metallic gold nanoparticles. The size, shape, stability and crystallinity of the synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterised and various characterization methods were used; UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Zeta potential, Selected Area Electron Diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy equipped with elemental mapping in order to confirm the formation of gold nanoparticles. The TEM results showed that gold nanoparticles were mostly spherical in shape. Their effects on anti-bacterial, catalytic, photocatalytic and anticancer cell lines were examined. The MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] test was used to confirm the cytotoxic properties of both gold nanoparticles samples and the results showed that both the human lung cancer and human breast cancer cell line growth and proliferation were inhibited. Strong antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria and moderate antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria were identified. It has also been shown that gold nanoparticles have catalytic properties for reducing 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. By degrading the two dyes methyl orange and congo red in the presence of nano catalysts, the photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanoparticles has been assessed.

“Design of Novel MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO as a Core-Shell Nano Catalyst: an Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyranopyrazole Derivatives”

Background: Catalysis has been widely applied in pharmaceutical companies in recent years. This paper reports a useful new approach for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles. Objectives: One-pot synthesis of pyranopyrazoles using MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO as a novel-core-shell nanocatalyst which increases reaction rate, selectivity, ease of work-up and recyclability of the supports. Method: The present study deals with the synthesis of MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO core-shell catalyst using the sol-gel method. Results: The synthesized MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were analysed using XRD, TEM and BET surface area. The nanocatalyst had an average particle size of 20 nm by TEM images and BET Surface area of 58.93 m2/g. Conclusion: Novel MgZrO3@Fe2O3@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles have been used as an effi-cient and recoverable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of pyranopyrazoles.

Design, synthesis, characterization and application of magnetic biochar as a reusable nano catalyst for the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives

Design, synthesis, characterization and application of magnetic biochar as a reusable nano catalyst for the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives

Nanoparticles NPs stresses as In vitro plant innovative tool

The use of nanoparticles is one of the important applications that can affect the global economy, industry and people positively, with the global development taking place in both agricultural production and food industries, and for this the importance of developing innovative means to advance agricultural production has become evident and the food industry by diagnosing and treating diseases, and improving the ability of plants to absorb elements and resist infections by various pests and pathogenic microorganisms. To ascertain the nature of the positive change in the growth of plant organs grown in the presence of Nano catalysts, it has become imperative for researchers to understand the negative dimensions of these stimuli, as is the case with the positives envisaged by their use. Most of the concerns that were raised on this subject came with new proofs that opened the door for botanical researchers to test these small-sized nano-chemical elements and compounds to be a new generation of mutagenic substances that can cause changes at the DNA level.

Photo/electro catalytic green hydrogen production promoted by Ga modified Co0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 nano catalysts

The current work concentrates on the fabrication of Ga doped Co0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 nanocatalysts via sol-gel auto-combustion (SGA) for the production of green and sustainable source of energy i.e., hydrogen through photocatalytic and electrocatalytic routes. Single-phased cubic crystal structure with Fd3m geometry was observed through XRD patterns. FESEM images show the aggregated and spherical shaped grains with distinct grain boundaries and average grain size of 1.04 and 1.39 μm for the Co0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4, and Co0.6Cu0.4Ga0.02Fe1.98O4 nanomaterials. Soft magnetic behaviour with a coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms) of 235.32–357.26 Oe and 54.65–61.11 emu/g was obtained for the produced nanomaterials. The estimation of photocatalytic nature for generating H2 was conducted using the sacrificial agents i.e., 0.128 M Na2S and 0.079 M Na2SO3. The analysis focused on measuring the maximum H2 generation was achieved by photocatalysts throughout three consecutive 4-h cycles. Out of all compositions, Co0.6Cu0.4Ga0.02Fe1.98O4 nanomaterial have the highest photocatalytic activity of 16.71 mmol gcat−1. However, the electrocatalytic behaviour of prepared Co0.6Cu0.4GaxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00–0.03) electrocatalysts were determined for HER (Hydrogen evolution reaction) reaction. The overpotential values of Co0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4, Co0.6Cu0.4Ga0.01Fe1.99O4, Co0.6Cu0.4Ga0.02Fe1.98O4, and Co0.6Cu0.4Ga0.03Fe1.97O4 catalysts at 10 mA cm−2 were −0.81, −0.85, −1.03, and 1.21 V, correspondingly. Thus, at cathode current density of 10 mA/cm−2, an elevation in overpotential was noted, which indicates that the undoped Co0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 (x = 0.00) electrocatalyst have remarkable electrocatalytic HER activity. Consequently, owing to photo/electro catalytic water splitting traits, the prepared catalysts are highly efficient for the green hydrogen generation.