Nano Bone Research Articles

The Effectiveness Of Spraying Nano Bone Ash And Oil Palm Emty Fruit Bunch Ash On Leaf Character Appearance Of Rice Mandel Variety

. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of spraying nano bone ash and palm oil emty fruit bunnch ash on leaf character appearance of rice Mandel variety. This research was carried out in the Agricultural Experiment Grenn House of the Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta in January to June2021. This study uses a single factor design arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD), there are 4 treatm ents. Each tratments consisted of 6 plant samples with 3 replications namely: P. Urea 250 kg/hectare + SP-36 100 kg/hectare + KCl 100 kg/hectare, Q.Urea 250 kg/hectare + SP-36 50 kg/hectare + KCl 100 kg/hectare + Nano Bone Ash concentration 0,2 %, R. Urea 250 kg/hectare + SP-36 100 kg/hectare + KCl 50 kg/hectare + Nano OPEFB Ash concentration 0,3 %, S.Urea 250 kg/hectare + SP-36 50 kg/hectare + KCl 50 kg/hectare + Nano Bone Ash concentration 0,2 % and Nano OPEFB Ash concentration 0,3 %. The results showed that the application of Urea 250 kg/hectare + SP-36 50 kg/hectare + KCl 50 kg/hectare + 0.2% Nano Bone Ash Concentration and 0.3% OPEFB Nano Ash concentration gave a significant effect on the character.sheat of leaf color, blade of leaf, chlorophyll content, length and width of stomata.

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Third-Generation Pericardium Membrane for the Treatment of Grade II Furcation Defect in Stage III Periodontitis Patients.

Background and Objectives: Guided tissue regeneration, with or without a bone graft, is a modality for the treatment of furcation involvement. Because the direct application of a bone graft into the periodontal defect has drawbacks, such as the risk of microbial contamination and/or graft containment, a new modality of directly loading bone graft particles over the barrier membrane is now used. This study aimed to evaluate clinically and radiographically the effects of a two-layered membrane consisting of a layer of nanohydroxyapatite particles on a pericardium membrane in the treatment of stage III periodontitis, compared with direct application of a nanohydroxyapatite bone graft. Materials and Methods: Forty individuals with grade II furcation involvement were divided into two groups. Group I was treated with a two-layered membrane consisting of a pericardium membrane with nanohydroxy particles loaded onto its surface; group II was treated with direct application of a nano bone graft covered with pericardium membrane. Clinical and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographic assessments of the two groups were carried out after a 6-month follow-up period. Results: Clinically, the results showed a significant reduction in furcation involvement (F). The CBCT assessment also revealed reductions in depth (D), height (H), width (W), and 3D radiographic volume of furcation involvement in all study groups at baseline and at 6 months postoperative (p < 0.05) with no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, a two-layer membrane formed by direct loading of bone graft particles onto a pericardium membrane can be used as an effective, reliable, and easy-to-use substitute for direct bone graft application into periodontal defects.

Association of DEXA with EDX in Evaluation of Inorganic Bone Components After Application of Nano bone For Repair of Bone Defect

Association of DEXA with EDX in Evaluation of Inorganic Bone Components After Application of Nano bone For Repair of Bone Defect

Effect of nano-formulated indigenous Rhizobium sp. on nodulation, growth, and yield of Edamame soybean

The isolates of indigenous Rhizobium sp. are compatible with Edamame soybean, but the inoculum formulation using a carrier material from ordinary peat has not been optimal. The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of the nano-formulation of indigenous Rhizobium sp. inoculum on the growth and yield of Edamame soybean. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design using a single factor treatment, namely the inoculum formulae, consisting of Nano Peat 95% + Nano Biochar 5%, Nano Peat 95% + Nano Bone 5%, Nano Peat 90% + Nano Biochar 5% + Nano Bone 5%, and Peat 50% + Charcoal 49% + Lime 1% (control). Each treatment consisted of three replications, producing 12 experimental units. Observations were made on the population dynamics of indigenous Rhizobium sp., nodulation, growth, and yield of Edamame soybean. The inoculation of nano-formulated indigenous Rhizobium sp. was significantly effective in nodulation, accelerating flowering period, and increasing the yield. The treatment of Nano Peat 90% + Nano Biochar 5% + Nano Bone 5% produced the highest yield (10.28 tons/ha), indicating an increase of 2.3% compared to the control

The Effectiveness of Spraying Nano Bone Ash and Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch Ash on Characteristics of Rice in Salibu System Plus Earthworms

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of spraying nano bone ash and palm oil emty fruit bunch ash on characteristics of rice in salibu system plus earthworms. This research was carried out in the Agricultural Experiment Grenn House of the Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta in January to June2021.This study uses a single factor design arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD), there are 4 treatm ents.Each tratments consisted of 6 plant samples with 3 replications namely: P1. Urea 250 kg/ha + SP-36 100 kg/ha + KCl 100 kg/ha + Earthworms, P2.Urea 250 kg/ha + SP-36 50 kg/ha + KCl 100 kg/ha + Nano Bone Ash concentration 0,2 % + Earthworms, P3. Urea 250 kg/ha + SP-36 100 kg/ha + KCl 50 kg/ha + Nano OPEFB concentration 0,3 %, P4.Urea 250 kg/ha + SP-36 50 kg/ha + KCl 50 kg/ha + Nano Bone Ash concentration 0,2 % and Nano OPEFB concentration 0,3 % + Earthworms. Plant of material obtained from previous rice planting. The results showed that the spraying particle of nano bone ash and palm oil empty fruit bunch ash in salibu system plus eart worms effect on the diversity of qualitative character :color leaf sheath (pale green; green and dark green), leaf blade (pale green and green) and colorof stem (yellowish green and green) and on the diversity of quantitative character : height of plant, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, weight of grainst per clump.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PLATELET RICH FIBRIN (PRF) AS A SOLE GRAFT MATERIAL VERSUS NANO-CRYSTALLINE HYDROXYAPATITE IN MAXILLARY SINUS AUGEMENTATION WITH IMPLANT PLACEMENT SIMULTANEOUSLY.: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) as sole graft material versus Nano crystalline hydroxyapatite in maxillary sinus augmentation with implant placement simultaneously. Patients and Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 18 patients suffering from atrophied maxillary ridge (less than 5 mm in bone height) for implantation indicating the need for maxillary sinus floor augmentation before implant placement. Group (A) received sinus augmentation with nano crystalline hydroxyapatite with immediate implantation (Nano bone ARTOSS GmbH hydroxyapatite particles) and Group B received sinus augmentation with PRF as sole graft material with immediate implantation. All patients were followed up for 6 months recording the progress of the healing both clinically and radiographically via CBCT and to evaluate the new bone formation. Results: Surgeries went uneventful in patients of both groups. No notable complications occurred during the surgical procedures and the healing period of the two groups. Radiographic results after 6 months showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The highest mean value was found in (Group B) while the least mean value was found in (Group A). All implants were clinically stable at the time of abutment insertion, 6 months after sinus augmentation. Conclusions: The use of the PRF as a sole graft material in maxillary sinus augmentation proved to be a successful material that offers sufficient amount of natural bone in the sinus that cover all the surface of the inserted implant.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of open flap debridement with or without Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite bone graft in management of periodontal intrabony defects

Abstract: Background: Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (n-HA) bone graft could improve proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The osteoconductive and biomimetic properties incorporated into the early stage of human physiological bone turnover assumed that deposition of these molecules promoted early osteogenesis in and around Nano Bone. Methods: 20 periodontitis patients with intra-bony defects participated in this clinical trial and treated with either open flap debridement (OFD) alone as control group or OFD and n-HA bone graft as intervention group. Clinical outcomes included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival recession (GR). Bone defect area (BDA) was measured by digital periapical radiographs and linear measurements were used to calculate the radiographic bone fill. Measurements at baseline and 6-months postoperatively were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Both OFD and OFD with n-HA bone substitute resulted in statistically significant improvement in all clinical and radiographic parameters from baseline to 6 months. But no significant difference was observed between both groups. After 6 months, OFD showed 2.4(±0.5)mm PD reduction and 1.2(±0.8)mm CAL gain, while n-HA group showed 3.2(±1.1)mm PD reduction and 2.7(±1.3)mm CAL gain. The BDA was reduced by 1.7(±1)mm2 with OFD and by 3.4(±2.2)mm2 in n-HA group. Conclusion: Both OFD and OFD with n-HA showed significant reduction in clinical and radiographic outcomes after 6 months with no statistically significant difference between them. Clinical relevance: Both treatment modalities are successful procedures for treating intrabony defects

Management of Class II furcation defects in dogs using combination of Propolis and Nanobone graft

Background: Periodontal regeneration using complementary and alternative medicine has gained considerable attention recently. Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honey bees from exudates and buds of plants and mixed with wax and bee enzymes.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis as bone graft substitute in the management of experimental grade II furcation defects, and to compare its effect to nanobone and to Propolis/nanobone mixture. Material and Methods: Sixteen critical-sized furcation defects on the buccal surface of mandibular third and fourth premolars were surgically created in twelve dogs and divided into three groups. Group I; defects were filled with Propolis, Group II; defects were filled with nanohydroxyapatite graft and Group III; defects were filled with a combination of Propolis/ nanohydroxyapatite graft. Histologically and histomorphometric analysis of newly formed interradicular bone height and percentage were performed after one and three months. Results: After one month; the three experimental groups revealed the features of early periodontal tissues regeneration including cementum, newly formed bone with inserted newly formed PDL fibers. The propolis group showed the highest bone height and bone surface area. After three months; denser bone occupying larger surface area of the furcation defect were noted especially in the propolis group. Conclusion: The addition of nanobone to propolis showed better results than nano bone alone especially at early healing stage. However, it didn’t show better results than the use of propolis alone.

OSTEOINDUCTIVE POTENTIAL AND BONE HEALING CAPACITY OF NANOCRYSTALLINE HYDROXYAPATITE (nHA)VERSUS BIODENTINE OF SURGICALLY CREATED DEFECTS IN RABBITS’ ALVEOLAR PROCESS (AN ANIMAL STUDY)

Background: Bone defects resulting from trauma, tumor resection, infection, and congenital or acquired deformities remains an important clinical problem. Synthetic nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite, Nano bone, was successfully used in healing of bone defects without revealing negative side effects. Biodentine; a calcium-silicate based material was reported to have osteogenic and angiogenic properties.Objectives: This study aims to investigate the initial osteoinductive potential of Nano Bone and Biodentine on surgically created defects in rabbit’s alveolar process.Methods: 30 adult male rabbits (1-1.5kg) were used in this study. Bilateral bone defects were created in the mandibles of all rabbits, one in each side; the right sides were experimental, and the lefts were kept empty as control. Animals were then divided into two groups (15 rabbits each); Group I (Biodentine): The right-side defects were loaded with Biodentine material. Group II (Nano Bone): Nano Bone was packed in the right-side defects. Five rabbits were euthanized from each group at; 3, 7 and 14 days postoperatively. Bone defects’ specimens were prepared for histological examination by light microscope as well as quantitative analysis of gene expression of collagen1 alpha and Runx-2 by real time PCR.Results: Biodentine had initiated osteogenesis; yet the newly formed bone was apparently of lesser quality than that formed with Nano Bone. Runx- 2 showed significant increase in Nano Bone compared to Biodentine at 1 week, while collagen1 alpha gene expression was significantly increased at all intervals.Conclusion: Both Nano Bone and Biodentine had initiated osteogenesis. Nano bone showed better healing results when compared to Biodentine.

Evaluation, the Histomorphometric Study of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (Nano Bone) Wif Lovastatin in the Preservation of the Tooth Socket

Evaluation, the Histomorphometric Study of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (Nano Bone) Wif Lovastatin in the Preservation of the Tooth Socket

Evaluation, the Histomorphometric Study of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (Nano Bone) Wif Alendronate in the Preservation of the Tooth Socket

Evaluation, the Histomorphometric Study of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (Nano Bone) Wif Alendronate in the Preservation of the Tooth Socket

Implant Stability Parameters &amp; Bone Density Values of Different Graft Materials with Immediately Placed Dental Implants

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess and compare the effect of autogenous bonegraft versus mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM) and versus the Nano hydroxyapatite bone graftas bone regenerative materials during immediate implant placement.Material and Methods: A total of 14 patients with 18 implants have been included in thisstudy, patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I(control group) received autogenous bone graft.Group II (study group A) received Mineralized Plasmatic Matrix (MPM), and group III (studygroup B) received Nano hydroxyapatite as bone regenerative materials for immediate implantplacement. The treatment outcome was evaluated clinically and radiographically at 3 and 6 monthsof implant placement. Implants stability was measured using Osstell radiofrequency device at 3 and6 months postoperatively. Also bone density were measured radiographically at 2 weeks and at 3and 6 months postoperatively and statistically analysed.Results: Statistical analysis of bone density measurements between the three groups showedsignificant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between the control autogenous bone group and the two othergroups (MPM &Nano bone) at all time intervals. Comparison between the test groups revealednon-significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between (MPM & Nano bone) at two weeks interval. Whileat three & six months postoperatively there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05 between the twogroups. Regarding implant stability comparison between the three groups , there was no statisticalsignificant difference between them (P ≤ 0.05) at three and six months post operatively.Conclusion: The autogenous bone graft remains the gold standard for grafting materials but theuse of MPM and Nano hydroxyapatite grafting materials can also give successful results regardingimplant stability and bone density.

Do Clinical and Radiological Assessments Contribute to the Understanding of Biomaterials? Results From a Prospective Randomized Sinus Augmentation Split-Mouth Trial.

The present prospective randomized split-mouth trial reports on the 3-year clinical and radiological follow-up investigation of implants placed 7 months after sinus augmentation with 2 different bone substitute materials. The aim of the study was to complete the histologic observation of cellular reactions by analyses of the implants and the volumetric changes of the augmented bone substitute materials. A sinus augmentation split-mouth trial was performed in 14 patients with the synthetic bone substitute material Nanobone (NB) and the xenogeneic Bio-Oss (BO). Changes in volume and density of the augmented biomaterials were investigated by analysis of computed tomography scans, taken immediately after augmentation and after 7 months. Clinical implant parameters were assessed after 3 years of loading. Both bone substitute materials underwent nonsignificant volume reduction and significant increase in bone density over an integration period of 7 months. No significant differences concerning volume and bone density were observed between the groups. Three years after loading, 51 of 53 implants were in situ with no peri-implant infections, and only a few soft-tissue variations were present. The present prospective randomized study showed that no differences could be observed clinically and radiologically. Accordingly, it seems that both biomaterials, independent of their physicochemical composition, enable clinical success and long-time stability for dental implants. Interestingly, the histological results showed distinct differences in cellular reactions: While the xenogeneic BO induced a mild tissue reaction with only few multinucleated giant cells and comparably low vascularization, the synthetic NB induced a multinucleated giant cell-triggered tissue reaction with an increase of vascularization. Thus, the present study showed that a combination analysis-histological, clinical, and radiological-is necessary for a detailed assessment of a biomaterial's quality for clinical application.

Osteogenic Ability Detection of Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Gene-activated Nano Bone Putty by Reusable Double-Cavity Bone Harvest Chamber.

To explore the feasibility of implanting a self-designed reusable double-cavity bone harvest chamber into Guizhou mini-pigs for observation of the osteogenic effect of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) gene-activated nano bone putty on bone in growth. Eight healthy 12-month-old female Guizhou mini-pigs were used for the present experiment. In the first operation, empty double-cavity bone harvest chambers (n = 8) were implanted into the femoral metaphysis of the animals as a blank control group. In the second operation, the femoral metaphyses were implanted with the chambers filled by the nano bone putty+hBMP-2 plasmid in one cavity and nothing in the other cavity, respectively (experiment group, n = 8). The time interval between every operation was 3 months. The cavity materials were retrieved and replaced for assessment by gross observation, histological examination, and bone morphology metrology analysis to compare osteogenesis ability and alkaline phosphatase. Three months after surgery, the nano bone putty+hBMP-2 plasmid in one cavity of the chambers had hard gray and white tissues inside, while the cavities pre-installed with nothing were filled with soft brown tissues. Light microscopy showed new generated bone tissue around the filled material, but only fibrous tissues in the empty cavities. Osteogenesis ability and alkaline phosphatase of the nano bone putty+hBMP-2 plasmid group were significantly higher than those of the blank control group (P < 0.05). The reusable double-cavity bone harvest chamber can be used to observe the osteogenic potential of the hBMP-2 gene-activated nano bone putty.

The investigation of BMP-2 and VEGF dual gene activated nanobone enhanced the vertebral bone of ovariec-tomized goat

Objective To verify BMP-2 and VEGF gene activated nanobone paste can effectively enhance the vertebral bone of ovariectomized goat. Methods From January, 2011 to May, 2016, the goats had been neutered by ovariectomy 6 months earlier to induceosteoporosis. Then surgery to established the model of vertebral bone defected with nanobone implanting, and the operation vertebrae divided randomly into 3 groups: control group, nanobone group and double gene activated nanobone group. Three months after operation the goats were sacrificed and removed the vertebrae. Micro CT analysis of micro three-dimensional structure of trabecular bone, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the two-dimensional structure of the vertebrae, the structure of trabecular bone was evaluated by movat pentachrome staining. Results The dual gene activated nanobone group compared with the nanobone group, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) significantly increased (85% at 1.2 mm vs 43% at 1.2 mm, P < 0.05); the dual gene activated nanobone group compared with nanobone group, in the largest ROI (1.2 mm), TbTh increased 10.9% (374 ± 26.2 μm vs 337 ± 22.3 μm,P < 0.05); Trabecular distribution coefficient (TbPf) was significantly decreased (7.519 ± 0.184 mm-1 vs 7.529 ± 0.261 mm-1, P < 0.05); In the largest ROI (0.8 mm), trabecular distribution coefficient (TbPf) was significantly decreased (283 ± 36.4 μm vs 327 ± 31.2 μm, P < 0.05), In the largest ROI (0.8 mm), the trabecular bone volume (Tbn) was increased 20%(1.404 ± 0.283 mm-1vs 1.173 ± 0.224 mm-1, P < 0.05); Cortical thickness over the implantation area showed asignificant increase of 43% in vertebrae(P < 0.05); The histological analysis revealed a more extensive osseointegration of the dual gene activated nanobone group, with the presence of anabundant osteoid tissue and an osteoblastic celllining. Conclusion BMP-2 and VEGF gene activated nano bone paste can effectively enhance the vertebral bone of ovariectomized goat. Key words: BMP-2; VEGF; Nanobone; Ovariectomized; Goat; Vertebrae

A 3D printed nano bone matrix for characterization of breast cancer cell and osteoblast interactions

Bone metastasis is one of the most prevalent complications of late-stage breast cancer, in which the native bone matrix components, including osteoblasts, are intimately involved in tumor progression. The development of a successful in vitro model would greatly facilitate understanding the underlying mechanism of breast cancer bone invasion as well as provide a tool for effective discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we fabricated a series of in vitro bone matrices composed of a polyethylene glycol hydrogel and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite of varying concentrations to mimic the native bone microenvironment for the investigation of breast cancer bone metastasis. A stereolithography-based three-dimensional (3D) printer was used to fabricate the bone matrices with precisely controlled architecture. The interaction between breast cancer cells and osteoblasts was investigated in the optimized bone matrix. Using a Transwell® system to separate the two cell lines, breast cancer cells inhibited osteoblast proliferation, while osteoblasts stimulated breast cancer cell growth, whereas, both cell lines increased IL-8 secretion. Breast cancer cells co-cultured with osteoblasts within the 3D bone matrix formed multi-cellular spheroids in comparison to two-dimensional monolayers. These findings validate the use of our 3D printed bone matrices as an in vitro metastasis model, and highlights their potential for investigating breast cancer bone metastasis.

TRAP-Positive Multinucleated Giant Cells Are Foreign Body Giant Cells Rather Than Osteoclasts: Results From a Split-Mouth Study in Humans.

This study compared the material-specific tissue response to the synthetic, hydroxyapatite-based bone substitute material NanoBone (NB) with that of the xenogeneic, bovine-based bone substitute material Bio-Oss (BO). The sinus cavities of 14 human patients were augmented with NB and BO in a split-mouth design. Six months after augmentation, bone biopsies were extracted for histological and histomorphometric investigation prior to dental implant insertion. The following were evaluated: the cellular inflammatory pattern, the induction of multinucleated giant cells, vascularization, the relative amounts of newly formed bone, connective tissue, and the remaining bone substitute material. NB granules were well integrated in the peri-implant tissue and were surrounded by newly formed bone tissue. Multinucleated giant cells were visible on the surfaces of the remaining granules. BO granules were integrated into the newly formed bone tissue, which originated from active osteoblasts on their surface. Histomorphometric analysis showed a significantly higher number of multinucleated giant cells and blood vessels in the NB group compared to the BO group. No statistical differences were observed in regard to connective tissue, remaining bone substitute, and newly formed bone. The results of this study highlight the different cellular reactions to synthetic and xenogeneic bone substitute materials. The significantly higher number of multinucleated giant cells within the NB implantation bed seems to have no effect on its biodegradation. Accordingly, the multinucleated giant cells observed within the NB implantation bed have characteristics more similar to those of foreign body giant cells than to those of osteoclasts.

Application of Nano Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials and Bone Tissue Engineering on in Exercise-Induced Injury

The formation process of nanocalcium phosphate plays a key role in natural bone tissue. In the regulation of the organic matrix, it can be directed self-assembly into specific biological minerals, and can give the bone good mechanical properties and biological activity. Bone injury is a common injury in exercise training, in view of nanocalcium phosphate has good biocompatibility and osteoinductive; it may become the ideal biomaterials used in bone tissue engineering to improve speed up the recovery of bone injury.

Development of a Novel 3D Bioprinted In Vitro Nano Bone Model for Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Study

ABSTRACTBreast cancer (BrCa) is the second commonest cause of cancer-related deaths in women. The metastatic breast cancer exhibits a high affinity to bone, leading to debilitating skeletal complications associated with significant morbidity and poor prognosis. Traditional in vitro and in vivo BrCa bone metastasis models contain many inherent limitations with regards to controllability, reproducibility, and flexibility of design. Thus, the objective of this research is to use a 3D bioprinting system and nanomaterials to recreate a biomimetic and tunable bone model suitable for the effective simulation and study of metastatic BrCa invading and colonizing a bone environment. For this purpose, we designed and 3D printed a series of scaffolds, comprised of a bone microstructure and nano hydroxyapatites (nHA, inorganic nano components in bone). The size and geometry of the bone microstructure was varied with 250 and 150 µm pores, in repeating square and hexagon patterns, for a total of four different pore geometries. 3D bioprinted scaffolds were subsequently conjugated with nHA, using an acetylation chemical functionalization process and then characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM imaging showed that our designed microfeatures were printable with the predesigned resolutions described above. Imaging further confirmed that acetylation effectively attached nHA to the surface of scaffolds and induced a nanoroughness. Metastatic BrCa cell 4 h adhesion and 1, 3 and 5 day proliferation were investigated in the bone model in vitro. The cell adhesion and proliferation results showed that all scaffolds are cytocompatible for BrCa cell growth; in particular the nHA scaffolds with small hexagonal pores had the highest cell density. Given this data, it can be stipulated that our 3D printed nHA scaffolds may make effective biomimetic environments for studying BrCa bone metastasis.

Abstract 3843: Design of a novel three-dimensional biomimetic nano bone model for breast cancer bone metastasis and therapeutics discovery.

Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in American women, accounting for more than 200,000 new cases and 40,000 deaths annually. Most breast cancer patients will eventually develop complications due to bone metastasis. However, the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasizes to bone are not well investigated. Traditional tumor metastasis models contain many inherent limitations. Therefore, the objective of this research is to design an innovative biomimetic 3D tissue engineered in vitro bone model via hydroxyapatites (HA), human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and natural chitosan hydrogel for breast cancer metastasis study and therapeutics discovery. 3D porous HA-chitosan scaffolds with different crystalline, size and concentration of HA (specifically, 10% and 20% nanocrystalline HA, microcrystalline HA and amorphous HA) were fabricated via a lyophilization procedure. Metastasis breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 were seeded on all scaffolds and cultured for 4h, 1, 3 and 5 days. The cell adhesion and proliferation results showed that concentration, size and crystallinity of HA have a significant impact on metastasis breast cancer cell behavior. 10% nanocrystalline HA can significantly enhance breast cancer cell attachment when compared to all of other HA. Considering natural bone also consisting of nanocrystalline HA, 10% synthesized nanocrystalline HA in porous chitosan scaffold can create a more biomimetic bone environment for breast cancer bone metastasis study. Furthermore, our bone model was further modified by inducing hMSC osteogenic differentiation in the scaffold resulting in deposition of bioactive protein and calcium by MSC. SEM images of the MSC modified scaffolds revealed that protein and calcium were deposited on both its surface and inner architecture. Two different metastatic breast cancer cells with different metastasis potential (less metastatic MCF-7 and highly metastatic MDA-MB-231) were evaluated in this modified bone model in vitro. The results showed that MDA-MB-231 expanded faster than MCF-7 in the scaffold after 24h culture. Confocal microscopy was used to verify two cells metastasis ability and showed that MDA-MB-231 could migrate deeper in this modified bone model compared to MCF-7. Our results revealed that this model can well reflect the two different metastasis behaviors, making this biomimetic 3D tissue engineered nano bone model promising for future breast cancer cell metastasis study and therapeutics discovery. Citation Format: Mian Wang, Sidney W. Fu, Lijie Zhang. Design of a novel three-dimensional biomimetic nano bone model for breast cancer bone metastasis and therapeutics discovery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3843. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3843