Nano Silver Fluoride Research Articles

Preventive potential of nano silver fluoride versus sodium fluoride varnish on enamel caries like lesions in primary teeth: in vitro study

BackgroundProfessionally applied topical fluoride preparations have been commonly used and have proven to prevent dental decay. Alternative preparations that provide further benefits may be of interest to investigate. This study aimed to investigate the effect of experimental nano silver fluoride (NSF) formulation compared to commercial sodium fluoride varnish (FV) on prevention of in vitro demineralization of initially sound enamel in primary teeth.MethodsForty-eight extracted/exfoliated sound molars were sectioned buccolingually into 96 specimens then assigned randomly into two equal groups. Each group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups (Ia: NSF, IIa: FV, Ib and IIb as negative controls). The test materials were applied, then all the specimens were subjected to a demineralization pH cycling model for 7 days. Specimens were examined for surface microhardness using Vickers microhardness device and lesion depth was evaluated by polarized light microscope using image J 1.46r software. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and Mann Whitney U test.ResultsThe test materials were significantly superior to their negative controls, (P < 0.001) and comparable to each other, (P > 0.05) regarding microhardness and lesion depth. In comparison to FV, NSF showed lower yet statistically insignificant percent increase in microhardness and decrease in lesion depth, (P = 0.81, 0.86, respectively). Qualitative evaluation revealed that both agents reduced the lesion depth formation.ConclusionNSF showed similar effect to that of FV in limiting in vitro enamel demineralization caused by acidic challenge. Hence, it could be regarded as a promising alternative preventive agent in primary teeth.

Anticaries Agent Based on Silver Nanoparticles and Fluoride: Characterization and Biological and Remineralizing Effects-An In Vitro Study.

Objective The aim of the study was to characterize and evaluate the stability, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and remineralizing effects of silver nanoparticles and fluoride anticaries agent (AgF) on staining dental enamel. Materials and Methods An experimental AgF solution was prepared and compared to silver diamine fluoride (SDF). First, the AgF was characterized and the stability was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli strains were used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration and cytotoxicity performed using L929 fibroblastic cells by MTT test. Caries-like lesions induced by pH-cycling in human enamel were obtained, and then, the superficial microhardness, cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed. Photographic images were taken to analyze the enamel staining. Results The AgF showed stableness in long term with bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions without cytotoxicity. Enamel remineralization, in surface and in depth (CSMH), was observed when the AgF was used, and it was similar to SDF. SEM showed enamel precipitation, and EDS observed the presence of P, Ca, Au, Ag, and Cl elements. Contrary to SDF, AgF did not stain the enamel. Conclusion The nano silver fluoride anticaries agent tested presented long-term stability, superficial and in-depth remineralizing capacity with antimicrobial potential and biocompatibility and did not stain the enamel.

Effect of Nanosilver Fluoride Varnish on Demineralized Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review

Demineralization of teeth or caries is a common health problem among pediatric patients. It is a more serious issue among children from low-income households due to their lack of access to proper dental care. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective agent used to treat demineralization, but experiments are being done to replace it with nanosilver fluoride (NSF). The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of nanosilver fluoride varnish in containing demineralization of primary teeth. A systematic literature review method was used. About 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings are conflicting, but most of the reviewed studies confirmed the effectiveness of an agent with nanoparticles compared to all other alternatives, especially SDF. Apart from suppressing microorganisms that cause demineralization at very low concentrations, agents with nanoparticles protect patients from discoloration of teeth and formation stains. Nanosilver fluoride varnish can be used to replace the current alternatives, but the findings should be used with caution since most of the present studies are experimental.

Antimicrobial effectiveness of Nano Silver Fluoride Varnish in reducing Streptococcus mutans in saliva and plaque biofilm when compared with Chlorhexidine and Sodium Fluoride Varnishes.

BackgroundThis in vivo study was done to investigate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Nano Silver fluoride, Sodium fluoride and Chlorhexidine when used as a varnish on Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) in saliva and plaque biofilm. Material and Methods120 caries free subjects, aged 8-10 years were randomly assigned to four different groups (n=30) - group I: Control, group II: Chlorhexidine varnish (CHX), group III: Sodium fluoride varnish (NaF), group IV: Nano Silver fluoride varnish (NSF). Varnish application was done once at baseline. Saliva and plaque samples were collected at baseline (T0), at the end of 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T3) to evaluate S.mutans levels by culture method, optical density and PCR. OHI-S Index was also recorded for clinical evaluation. ResultsNSF, CHX and NaF were effective against S.mutans activity. The intragroup comparision of CFU/ml and OD/ml count showed a highly significant reduction from baseline to 3 months for all the 3 varnish groups (p=0.001). PCR result revealed that maximum reduction was seen in NSF and CHX followed by NaF group. ConclusionsNSF reduces S.mutans level in both saliva and plaque biofilm and it is more advantageous than CHX and NaF as it has dual properties of acting as an antibacterial as well as a remineralizing agent. Key words:Chlorhexidine, Nano Silver fluoride, Sodium fluoride, S. mutans, varnish.

Remineralization of Dentine Caries Using Moringa Oleifera Based Nano-Silver Fluoride: A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases, and many decayed teeth remain untreated in underdeveloped and developing countries. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the remineralization effect of Moringa oleifera-based nano-silver fluoride (NSF) on deciduous dentin caries Materials and Method: This study was a randomized, single-blinded clinical trial. A total of 138 teeth with carious lesions belonging to 83 children were selected and randomly assigned into three groups. Clinical evaluation was performed at 1 and 3 months after intervention. Results: The percentage of arrested caries within the groups were 86%, 42%, and 37% for NSF, MI varnish (GC, Japan), and FluoroDose varnish groups (Centrix Inc, USA), respectively. Results of 1 and 3 months follow-up period were same. Statistically significant difference was found between study groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that M. oleifera-based NSF could be used for arresting dental caries when applied directly to the carious lesion.

An Insight into Nano Silver Fluoride-Coated Silk Fibroin Bioinspired Membrane Properties for Guided Tissue Regeneration.

The current work focuses on the development of a novel electrospun silk fibroin (SF) nonwoven mat as a GTR membrane with antibacterial, biomineralization and biocompatible properties. The γ-poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-capped nano silver fluoride (NSF) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) were first synthesized, which were dip-coated onto electrospun silk fibroin mats (NSF-SF and SDF-SF). UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM depicted the formation of silver nanoparticles. NSF-SF and SDF-SF demonstrated antibacterial properties (against Porphyromonas gingivalis) with 3.1 and 6.7 folds higher relative to SF, respectively. Post-mineralization in simulated body fluid, the NSF-SF effectively promoted apatite precipitation (Ca/P ~1.67), while the SDF-SF depicted deposition of silver nanoparticles, assessed by SEM-EDS. According to the FTIR-ATR deconvolution analysis, NSF-SF portrayed ~75% estimated hydroxyapatite crystallinity index (CI), whereas pure SF and SDF-SF demonstrated ~60%. The biocompatibility of NSF-SF was ~82% when compared to the control, while SDF-coated samples revealed in vitro cytotoxicity, further needing in vivo studies for a definite conclusion. Furthermore, the NSF-SF revealed the highest tensile strength of 0.32 N/mm and 1.76% elongation at break. Therefore, it is substantiated that the novel bioactive and antibacterial NSF-SF membranes can serve as a potential candidate, shedding light on further in-depth analysis for GTR applications.

Nano-silver Fluoride at Higher Concentration for Caries Arrest in Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim and objectiveTo compare the arresting caries effectiveness of two different silver nanoparticle (AgNP) concentrations of nano-silver fluoride (NSF), namely 400 and 600 ppm. The hypothesis is that in posterior primary teeth with occlusal and approximal active dentin carious lesions, NSF 600's effectiveness will be higher than that of the NSF 400 solution over a 6-month follow-up period.Materials and methodsThis was a double-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted in the city of Recife, Brazil. A total of 337 children aged 5–7 years who attended the University of Pernambuco Dental School's clinics were examined. A single-blinded investigator conducted the examinations and treatment of the children. After baseline examination and recording of the dmft index, children were allocated to one of two study groups (NSF 600—intervention and NSF 400—positive control). In both groups, each tooth received two drops of NSF and treatments were performed only once in 6 months. The follow-up examinations were visual and tactile, performed in 30, 90, and 180 days to determine the activity of caries. The carious lesions that were not arrested in 30 days were recorded and referred for restorative treatment.ResultsThe NSF 600 showed higher rate of success in arresting caries (72.7%, p = 0.025) compared with NSF 400 (56.5%).ConclusionThe higher rate of success of NSF 600 can be explained by the higher concentration of AgNPs.Clinical significanceNano-silver fluoride has emerged as an excellent alternative to silver diamine fluoride (SDF), as it adds a high antibacterial effect to better esthetic results. Treatment is simple, non-invasive, and incurs low cost. It is ideal for use in community-based programs to increase the access to dental care without staining teeth black like other silver products.How to cite this articleArnaud M, Junior PCM, Lima MGS, et al. Nano-silver Fluoride at Higher Concentration for Caries Arrest in Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):207–211.

Nanosilver fluoride as a caries arresting agent: A narrative review

Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease that continues to affect almost every country in the world. The contemporary management of dental caries focuses on non-restorative, non-invasive, and micro-invasive treatment approaches that arrest or reverse the caries process at a lesion level and reduce the loss of sound tooth structure. One of these approaches is the employment of caries arresting agents that possess antibacterial and remineralizing properties. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has drawn significant attention as an efficient caries arresting agent in children and adults. The major limitation with the use of SDF is the dark black staining of the carious tissue that compromises the esthetics. Silver ions are known for their antimicrobial effects, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have the added advantage that it increases the surface area for exposure to the microbes. Literature reports that AgNPs have antimicrobial potential against predominant cariogenic flora. It has led to the development of nanosilver fluoride (NSF), a new colloid based on AgNPs, chitosan, and fluoride. It has shown to overcome the clinical limitations of SDF as it does not cause carious lesion staining. However, the current scientific literature lacks a comprehensive review of the benefits of using NSF for caries prevention and arrest. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to review the studies and clinical trials on NSF as a caries arresting agent, including antibacterial actions and modulation of the demineralization-remineralization balance.

EVALUATION OF THE ANTICARIOGENIC EFFECT OF NANO SILVER FLUORIDE ON DEMINERALIZATION OF ENAMEL IN PRIMARY TEETH (AN IN VITRO STUDY)

Introduction: Fluoride varnishes have proven to prevent dental decay. Alternative prepa-rations that provide further benefits may be of interest to investigate. Aim of the study: was to compare the anticariogenic effect of Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) with fluoride varnish (FV) on primary teeth enamel. Materials and method: Forty eight sound primary molars were coated with nail varnish, leaving squares of 4x4 mm then sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction into two equal halves. One half received a treatment and the other half remained untreated to serve as control. Each half was considered as a specimen (96 specimens). The NSF group (n=48) was subdivided into subgroup Ia (n=24) treated with NSF and subgroup Ib (n=24) served as negative control, the FV group (n=48) was subdivided into subgroup IIa (n=24) treated with FV and subgroup IIb (n=24) served as negative control. Specimens were subjected to pH cycling then they were examined with Vickers Microhardness device and Polarized Light Microscope. Results: Percent difference in surface microhardness of subgroup Ia and subgroup Ib was 3.79±2.13, while the percent difference between subgroups IIa and IIb was 5.40±3.79. Using Mann Whitney U test, there was no statistically significant difference between the two values (P=0.81). The percent differences in lesion depth for subgroup Ia in comparison to Ib, and IIa in comparison to IIb were -36.36±9.54 and -37.30±16.67 respectively. The difference between both values was non-significant (P=0.86). Conclusion: NSF and FV are equally effective as anticariogenic materials that can limit enamel demineralization caused by cariogenic challenge.

The Effect of Enamel Pre-treatment with Silver Diamine Fluoride versus Nano Silver Fluoride on the Microleakage of Fissure Sealant: in vitro study.

Abstract: Many studies in literature showed the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and Nano silver fluoride (NSF) as preventive agents. However, there is little evidence regarding the retention properties of fissure sealant (FS) when applied on a surface previously treated with these preventive agents. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of fissure pre-treatment with SDF versus NSF on the microleakage of FS in permanent teeth. Methods: This experimental in vitro study was performed on 45 extracted human premolars, teeth were randomly assigned into three groups according to the type of fissure treatment: Group I: Control group (sealant only), Group II: SDF group (pre-treatment before sealant), and Group III: NSF group (pre-treatment before sealant). Teeth were thermos-cycled and then immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, teeth were then sectioned mesio-distally in the middle of the fissure, and examined under the stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Results: There was no statistical significant difference in the microleakage scores between the three groups (p=0.247). Conclusion: Pretreatment of the pits and fissure with SDF or NSF prior to sealant application did not affect the micro-leakage of the FS.

Preparation and characterization of a novel biological nanosilver fluoride synthesized using green tea extract

Preparation and characterization of a novel biological nanosilver fluoride synthesized using green tea extract

Effectiveness of a Novel Nano-Silver Fluoride with Green Tea Extract Compared with Silver Diamine Fluoride: A Randomized, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial

Effectiveness of a Novel Nano-Silver Fluoride with Green Tea Extract Compared with Silver Diamine Fluoride: A Randomized, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial

Effectiveness of a Novel Nano-Silver Fluoride with Green Tea Extract Compared with Silver Diamine Fluoride: A Randomized, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial

Effectiveness of a Novel Nano-Silver Fluoride with Green Tea Extract Compared with Silver Diamine Fluoride: A Randomized, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial

Effect of silver-containing agents on the ultra-structural morphology of dentinal collagen

ObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of silver diammine fluoride (SDF), nano-silver (AgNPs) and nano-silver/potassium fluoride (AgNPs/KF) on the morphology of dentin collagen and color staining on the dentin. Also, we investigated the anti-caries properties in terms of anti-bacterial effects and potentiality of dentin remineralization at collagen level. MethodsDentin specimens obtained from bovine tooth roots were finished with #2000 SiC and sonicated for 5min. Specimens were divided into two main groups: sound and demineralized dentin. Each group was subdivided into five subgroups according to treatment solution: control (no treatment), SDF, nano-silver (AgNPs), AgNPs/KF and KF. Specimens were analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM), spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and antibacterial test. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of color change while one-way ANOVA was used for CFU analysis. ResultsRegarding color change, SDF showed the highest values while the other groups exhibited insignificant changes. SDF showed alteration in the collagen fibrils while the other groups showed normal intact fibrils. Regarding antibacterial activity, SDF and AgNPs/KF showed the greatest antibacterial effect. SignificanceSDF altered the dentin collagen morphology and inferior ethetics, but still providing intrafibrillar remineralization. Nano-silver fluoride preparations (AgNPs/KF) can be an alternative material for SDF as it can preserve the dentin collagen, showing no color change overtime, and provide a high anti-caries property including intrafibrillar remineralization with a significant anti-bacterial effect.

An In-Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Pre-treatment With Nano-Silver Fluoride on Inhibiting Secondary Caries at Tooth Restoration Interface.

Introduction and aimDental caries is the global burden worldwide and has a negative effect on the quality of life. Restorative materials in pediatric dentistry have shown satisfactory properties; however, the highest failures are still reported due to the occurrence of secondary caries. The article aims to assess the effectiveness of pre-treatment with nano-silver fluoride (NSF) in inhibiting secondary caries at the tooth restoration interface.Materials and methodsForty tooth specimens were prepared from 20 newly extracted human premolar teeth by sectioning the tooth mesiodistally. Class V cavities were prepared on each specimen at enamel dentin junction. Specimens were randomly distributed into four groups (n=10): 1) glass ionomer cement (GIC) restoration, 2) composite restoration 3) NSF pre-treatment + GIC restoration, 4) NSF pre-treatment + composite restoration. After sterilization, specimens were subjected to artificial caries formation by pH cycling method for 14 days. Specimens were sectioned and mounted to evaluate the demineralization by using the Vickers microhardness test. Outer lesion depth was measured at the tooth restoration interface on digital radiographs. Data was analyzed using Student unpaired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test.ResultsThe mean microhardness value of pre-treated GIC and composite group with NSF was more than the non-treated NSF group, with a significant difference at the enamel, indicating lesser demineralization. Outer lesion depth was lesser in the pre-treated group showing better tooth restoration integrity with a statistically significant difference between the groups.ConclusionPre-treatment with NSF is beneficial in increasing the resistance of GIC and composite resin restoration to secondary caries formation.

Use of Silver Nanomaterials for Caries Prevention: A Concise Review.

ObjectiveThe aim of this concise review is to summarize the use of silver nanomaterials for caries prevention.MethodsTwo researchers independently performed a literature search of publications in English using Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The keywords used were (silver nanoparticles OR AgNPs OR nano silver OR nano-silver) AND (caries OR tooth decay OR remineralisation OR remineralization). They screened the title and abstract to identify potentially eligible publications. They then retrieved the full texts of the identified publications to select original research reporting silver nanomaterials for caries prevention.ResultsThe search identified 376 publications, and 66 articles were included in this study. The silver nanomaterials studied were categorized as resin with silver nanoparticles (n=31), silver nanoparticles (n=21), glass ionomer cement with silver nanoparticles (n=7), and nano silver fluoride (n=7). Most (59/66, 89%) studies investigated the antibacterial properties, and they all found that silver nanomaterials inhibited the adhesion and growth of cariogenic bacteria, mainly Streptococcus mutans. Although silver nanomaterials were used as anti-caries agents, only 11 (11/66, 17%) studies reported the effects of nanomaterials on the mineral content of teeth. Eight of them are laboratory studies, and they found that silver nanomaterials prevented the demineralization of enamel and dentin under an acid or cariogenic biofilm challenge. The remaining three are clinical trials that reported that silver nanomaterials prevented and arrested caries in children.ConclusionSilver nanoparticles have been used alone or with resin, glass ionomer, or fluoride for caries prevention. Silver nanomaterials inhibit the adhesion and growth of cariogenic bacteria. They also impede the demineralization of enamel and dentin.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride (Commercial and Lab Prepared) versus Nano silver fluoride on Demineralized Human Enamel Surfaces (In Vitro Study)

Background: - To evaluate and compare the effects of Silver diamine fluoride (commercial and lab prepared) versus nano silver fluoride on demineralized human enamel surfaces. Materials and methods: - A total 20 Extracted premolars for orthodontic reasons were collected from the Outpatient Clinic of surgical Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University. Each premolar was sectioned buccolingually into two halves, to obtain (40) specimens. These halves were randomly allocated into 5 groups according to different treatment modalities. Group I included 8 specimens were left untreated (negative control), Group II included 8 specimens were treated with demineralizing solution, Group III included 8 specimens were treated by Silver diamine fluoride (commercial form) after demineralizing solution, Group IV included 8 specimens were treated with Silver diamine fluoride (lab prepared) after demineralizing solution and Group V included 8 specimens that were treated with Nano silver fluoride after demineralizing solution. Each half was evaluated by Environmental scanning electron microscope and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy .Results: There were significant differences between groups at P-value (≤0.05) for Phosphrous, Calcium and Calcium/Phosphrous ratio except (Fluoide). The lowest value for elements was recorded in group (II) followed by control group and the highest value was recorded at group (V).Conclusion: Silver Diamine Fluoride (lab made) is as efficient as commercial one in remineralizing demineralized enamel surfaces. Nano Silver Fluoride is more efficient than Silver Diamine Fluoride (lab made & commercial) on demineralized enamel surfaces.

Cariostatic efficacy and children acceptance of nano-silver fluoride versus silver diamine fluoride: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Cariostatic efficacy and children acceptance of nano-silver fluoride versus silver diamine fluoride: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Assessment of the antimicrobial effect of fluoride varnish containing nanosilver and conventional fluoride varnish on oral streptococci: an in-vitro study

Background/aim Oral streptococci are commonly found in the human oral cavity and are considered the foremost cariogenic pathogens in tooth decay. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial effect of fluoride varnish containing nanosilver particles with different concentrations and conventional fluoride varnish on oral streptococci. Materials and methods Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 13419) were grown in nutrient agar medium with 5% blood agar in the bacteriological laboratory. Then both strains were further cultured on Mueller–Hinton agar media separately; three different concentrations of nanosilver fluoride (Nsf) varnish (432, 216, and 108 µg/ml) were prepared and applied on the Mueller–Hinton plates. Conventional fluoride varnish was included as the control sample. The plates were further incubated anaerobically for 24 h at 37°C in the incubator. The antimicrobial effect of different varnishes was assessed by measuring the diameter of inhabitation zones in millimeters by a ruler. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance test, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results The Nsf varnish showed antimicrobial effect against S. mutans, where the mean value of inhibition zone size (mm) was increased by increasing the concentration of Nsf. For S. salivarius, the mean value of inhibition zone (mm) was gradually decreased by increasing concentration of Nsf. Conventional fluoride varnish showed no inhibition zones in both bacterial strains. Conclusion Nsf varnish had better antibacterial effect than conventional fluoride varnish against both S. mutans and S. salivarius.

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Nano Silver Fluoride Versus Calcium Hydroxide in Indirect Pulp Treatment of Deep Carious Second Primary Molars, Randomized Clinical Trial

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Nano Silver Fluoride Versus Calcium Hydroxide in Indirect Pulp Treatment of Deep Carious Second Primary Molars, Randomized Clinical Trial