Nanoporous Titanium Research Articles

Nanoporous copper titanium tin (np-Cu2TiSn) Heusler alloy prepared by dealloying-induced phase transformation for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia

Heusler alloys are a series of well-established intermetallic compounds with abundant structure and elemental substitutions, which are considered as potentially valuable catalysts for integrating multiple reactions owing to the features of ordered atomic arrangement and optimized electronic structure. Herein, a nanoporous copper titanium tin (np-Cu2TiSn) Heusler alloy is successfully prepared by the (electro)chemical dealloying transformation method, which exhibits high nitrate (NO3–) reduction performance with an NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 77.14 %, an NH3 yield rate of 11.90 mg h−1 mg−1cat, and a stability for 100 h under neutral condition. Significantly, we also convert NO3− to high-purity ammonium phosphomolybdate with NH4+ collection efficiency of 83.8 %, which suggests a practical approach to convert wastewater nitrate into value-added ammonia products. Experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic structure of Cu sites is modulated by the ligand effect of surrounding Ti and Sn atoms, which can simultaneously enhance the activation of NO3−, facilitate the desorption of NH3, and reduce the energy barriers, thereby boosting the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction.

Template assisted fabrication of nanoporous titanium dioxide coating on 316 L stainless steel for orthopaedic applications

BackgroundSurface modified metallic implants with nanoporous morphology finds extensive application as functional implant material as it mimics the biological conditions as well as matches the mechanical characteristics of the bone. The current study involves synthesis of nano-titania coating by the employment of PMMA as a templating agent and compared with widely used PEG 400. MethodThe titania coatings were synthesized by sol-gel methodology and deposited on 316 L SS by dip coating method. The coating morphology was characterized by Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The bioactive nature of the coatings were evaluated by in vitro bioactivity study in simulated body fluid (SBF). The toxicity and cell adhesion of the coatings were analyzed by MTT assay. The ability of the coatings to resist corrosion was studied with potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Significant findingsThe changes in the cell adhesion behavior are observed for the different coatings. The TiO2 coatings exhibited excellent corrosion resistance. Besides, the nanoporous coating developed with PMMA as the templating agent revealed excellent bioactivity as well as higher corrosion resistance.

Preparation of cerium-containing nanoporous titanium coatings for osseointegration and their promotion of osteogenic differentiation and anti-inflammatory properties

Conventional implants face many problems, such as failure to form good osseointegration and peri-implantitis in the early stage of implantation. It has been shown that hydroxyapatite (HA) has good osteoconductive ability. Also considering the potential of cerium oxide in osteogenesis and anti-inflammation, we prepared cerium-containing nanoporous HA coatings on the surface of pure titanium using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The surface morphology of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical strength of the coating was examined by the ultrasonic oscillator. The elemental composition of the coating was examined by energy spectrum analysis (EDS). The ion release capacity of the cerium-containing coatings was examined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The hydrophilic properties of the coatings were examined by the hydrophilic angle test. In vitro, experiments were performed using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and mouse mononuclear macrophages (Raw264.7). The biosafety of the cerium-containing coating was verified by live-dead staining and CCK-8 proliferation assay. The osteogenic and anti-inflammatory ability of the cerium-containing coating was examined by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). In addition, ion experiments were used to further demonstrate the osteogenic and anti-inflammatory potential of cerium ions. Subsequent animal experiments further demonstrated the osteoinductive potential of the cerium-containing HA coating. In conclusion, our cerium (HA)-containing coatings prepared by micro-arc oxidation on titanium surfaces show excellent osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, which are expected to improve the functionality of clinical implants and also lay the foundation for the clinical application of cerium ions.

Nanoporous Titanium Oxynitride Nanotube Metamaterials with Deep Subwavelength Heat Dissipation for Perfect Solar Absorption.

We report a quasi-unitary broadband absorption over the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared range in spaced high aspect ratio, nanoporous titanium oxynitride nanotubes, an ideal platform for several photothermal applications. We explain such an efficient light-heat conversion in terms of localized field distribution and heat dissipation within the nanopores, whose sparsity can be controlled during fabrication. The extremely large heat dissipation could not be explained in terms of effective medium theories, which are typically used to describe small geometrical features associated with relatively large optical structures. A fabrication-process-inspired numerical model was developed to describe a realistic space-dependent electric permittivity distribution within the nanotubes. The resulting abrupt optical discontinuities favor electromagnetic dissipation in the deep sub-wavelength domains generated and can explain the large broadband absorption measured in samples with different porosities. The potential application of porous titanium oxynitride nanotubes as solar absorbers was explored by photothermal experiments under moderately concentrated white light (1-12 Suns). These findings suggest potential interest in realizing solar-thermal devices based on such simple and scalable metamaterials.

Innovative Nanostructured Fillers for Dental Resins: Nanoporous Alumina and Titania Nanotubes.

The possibility of improving dental restorative materials is investigated through the addition of two different types of fillers to a polymeric resin. These fillers, consisting of porous alumina and TiO2 nanotubes, are compared based on their common physicochemical properties on the nanometric scale. The aim was to characterize and compare the surface morphological properties of composite resins with different types of fillers using analytical techniques. Moreover, ways to optimize the mechanical, surface, and aesthetic properties of reinforced polymer composites are discussed for applications in dental treatments. Filler-reinforced polymer composites are the most widely used materials in curing dental pathologies, although it remains necessary to optimize properties such as mechanical resistance, surface characteristics, and biocompatibility. Anodized porous alumina nanoparticles prepared by electrochemical anodization offer a route to improve mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as to allow for the controlled release of bioactive molecules that can promote tissue integration and regeneration. The inclusion of TiO2 nanotubes prepared by hydrothermal treatment in the resin matrix promotes the improvement of mechanical and physical properties such as strength, stiffness, and hardness, as well as aesthetic properties such as color stability and translucency. The surface morphological properties of composite resins with anodized porous alumina and TiO2 nanotube fillers were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray chemical analysis. In addition, the stress-strain behavior of the two composite resins is examined in comparison with enamel and dentin.

A review on the design of nanostructure-based materials for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation from wastewater: Bibliometric analysis, mechanisms, prospective, and challenges

Years of study have shown that creating a commercial photoelectrode to solve particular bottlenecks, such as low charge separation and injection efficiency, short carrier diffusion length and lifespan, and poor stability, requires the employment of a variety of components. Developing photovoltaic-electrolysis, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical approaches to accelerate hydrogen production from solar energy has been highly competitive. Photoelectrochemical water splitting utilizing nanoporous materials is one of the promising approaches to produce hydrogen more efficiently, cost-effectively, and on a long-term basis. Nanoporous materials have been highly used in photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems and are crucial in numerous applications. Those materials have a porous structure and excellent conductivity, enabling the deposition of transition metal atoms and electrochemically active chemicals on a large active surface area. However, there remains a dearth of review articles exploring the application of nanoporous materials in photoelectrochemical reactions. Therefore, this review provides bibliometric statistics and various perspectives on a range of nanoporous materials, including indium, nickel, gold, copper, lead, silver, aluminum, silicon, tin, iron, zinc, titanium, bismuth vanadate, cadmium sulfide, and zeolites. Additionally, this review offers a comprehensive assessment of worldwide studies on utilizing nanoporous materials in photoelectrochemical cells. We show how morphological modifications to materials may improve charge transfer and, as a consequence, overall power conversion efficiency.ke The superior catalytic performance of nanostructures with varying levels of complexity has been discovered in photoelectrochemical reactions. Finally, significant issues and future research directions in the domains are discussed.

Effect of Functional Nanoporous TiO2 Film Obtained on Ti6Al4V Implant Alloy to Improve Resistance in Biological Solution for Inflammatory Conditions.

The metallic titanium-based biomaterials are sensitive to corrosion-induced degradation in biological fluids in the presence of inflammatory conditions containing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess ROS induces oxidative modification of cellular macromolecules, inhibits protein function, and promotes cell death. In addition, ROS could promote implant degradation by accelerating the corrosive attack of biological fluids. The functional nanoporous titanium oxide film is obtained on titanium alloy to study the effect on implant reactivity in biological fluid with reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, which are present in inflammations. The TiO2 nanoporous film is obtained by electrochemical oxidation at high potential. The untreated Ti6Al4V implant alloy and nanoporous titanium oxide film are comparatively evaluated for corrosion resistance in biological solution by Hank's and Hank's doped with hydrogen peroxide by electrochemical methods. The results showed that the presence of the anodic layer significantly improved the resistance of the titanium alloy to corrosion-induced degradation in biological solutions under inflammatory conditions.

Zinc Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on TiO2Nanotube Arrays Using Deep Eutectic Solvents for Implantable Electrochemical Sensors

This work reports on the electrodeposition of zinc on nanoporous metal oxide titania nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTAs) using a zinc-containing deep eutectic solvent (Zn2+–DES). The effects of substrate morphology and crystallinity, deposition temperature, zinc concentration, and deposition time on the morphology and electrochemical properties of the Zn/TiO2 NTAs were investigated. Two-dimensional zinc nanohexagons (NHexs) with a mean diameter of ∼300 nm and a thickness of 10–20 nm were decorated onto the TiO2 NTAs (with a pore diameter of ∼80 nm and a tube length of ∼5 μm) via electrodeposition at −1.6 V using Zn2+–DES. Cyclic voltammetry tests on the Zn2+–DES electrolyte revealed an electrochemical window of ∼3.5 V, and the diffusion coefficient of Zn2+ was found to be 4.29 × 10–10 cm2 s–1 at room temperature and 7.10 × 10–10 cm2 s–1 at 40 °C. Zinc nucleation on TiO2 NTA substrates followed an instantaneous model. Using a higher electrodeposition temperature increased the nucleation and growth rate of zinc NHexs, while annealing TiO2 NTAs was found to improve their uniformity and morphology. During the initial stage of deposition, hexagonal close-packed zinc NHexs were found to preferentially grow on tetragonal anatase TiO2 NTAs. The electrodeposition of zinc resulted in lowering the impedance and improving the overall electrochemical properties of TiO2 NTAs. The Zn/TiO2 NTAs developed in this study offer a promising electrocatalyst material system for implantable electrochemical sensors.

Influence of Surface Characteristics of TiO2 Coatings on the Response of Gingival Cells: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.

The soft tissue-implant interface requires the formation of epithelium and connective tissue seal to hinder microbial infiltration and prevent epithelial down growth. Nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface coatings have shown good potential for promoting soft tissue attachment to implant surfaces. However, the impact of their surface properties on the biological response of gingival cells needs further investigation. This systematic review aimed to investigate the cellular behavior of gingival cells on TiO2-implant abutment coatings based on in vitro studies. The review was performed to answer the question: "How does the surface characteristic of TiO2 coatings influence the gingival cell response in in vitro studies?". A search in MEDLINE/PubMed and the web of science databases from 1990 to 2022 was performed using keywords. A quality assessment of the studies selected was performed using the SciRAP method. A total of 11 publications were selected from the 289 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean reporting and methodologic quality SciRAP scores were 82.7 ± 6.4/100 and 87 ± 4.2/100, respectively. Within the limitations of this in vitro systematic review, it can be concluded that the TiO2 coatings with smooth nano-structured surface topography and good wettability improve gingival cell response compared to non-coated surfaces.

Nanoscale steric hindrance guides size-selective adsorption of gold nanoparticles into titanium nanowells

Anodization of titanium is used to form dual scale nanoporous titanium oxide surfaces (NanoTi) that are highly stable, relatively low cost and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties. Due to their high biocompatibility, electrical conductivity and surface area, NanoTi surfaces also promise to be useful electrode materials for biosensors. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using NanoTi surfaces as a size-selective electrode material for the detection of nano-sized objects. Gold nanoparticles ranging from 16 to 69 nm in diameter were used to model the binding behaviors of bioanalytes, such as enzymes, exosomes and viruses. A size-dependent, steric-like exclusion phenomenon appears to determine the binding location of the nanoparticles within the dual scale nanostructure present on the NanoTi surfaces. Nanoparticles smaller than the pore diameter were observed to bind to ridges between pores, while larger nanoparticles bound onto the pores. The binding events were monitored by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), which highlighted that the electrochemical signal measured was dependent on the location of the nanoparticle upon binding. On-pore binding reduced the overall system resistance, while on-ridge binding increased it. These proof-of-concept results indicate that NanoTi surfaces could be used in the development of electrochemical sensors that intrinsically promote the binding of a nano-analyte within a certain size range.

Influence of a Physiologically Formed Blood Clot on Pre-Osteoblastic Cells Grown on a BMP-7-Coated Nanoporous Titanium Surface.

Titanium (Ti) nanotopography modulates the osteogenic response to exogenous bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) in vitro, supporting enhanced alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression and activity, as well as higher osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and protein levels. As the biological effects of OPN protein are modulated by its proteolytic cleavage by serum proteases, this in vitro study evaluated the effects on osteogenic cells in the presence of a physiological blood clot previously formed on a BMP-7-coated nanostructured Ti surface obtained by chemical etching (Nano-Ti). Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured during 5 days on recombinant mouse (rm) BMP-7-coated Nano-Ti after it was implanted in adult female C57BI/6 mouse dorsal dermal tissue for 18 h. Nano-Ti without blood clot or with blood clot at time 0 were used as the controls. The presence of blood clots tended to inhibit the expression of key osteoblast markers, except for Opn, and rmBMP-7 functionalization resulted in a tendency towards relatively greater osteoblastic differentiation, which was corroborated by runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) amounts. Undetectable levels of OPN and phosphorylated suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 1/5/9 were noted in these groups, and the cleaved form of OPN was only detected in the blood clot immediately prior to cell plating. In conclusion, the strategy to mimic in vitro the initial interfacial in vivo events by forming a blood clot on a Ti nanoporous surface resulted in the inhibition of pre-osteoblastic differentiation, which was minimally reverted with an rmBMP-7 coating.

Experimental and computational studies of photoelectrochemical degradation of atrazine by modified nanoporous titanium dioxide

The presence of herbicides like Atrazine (ATZ) in groundwater from non-target runoff of the agriculture industry becomes a big concern due to its potential negative impacts on the environment and human health. The use of advanced oxidative processes (AOP) to remove harmful contaminants has been shown to be effective for wastewater treatment. Herein, we report on an advanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) approach based on electrochemically modified nanoporous TiO2 electrode for efficient degradation of ATZ. The electrochemical treated TiO2 electrodes were shown to have a six-fold increase in the photo-current density over the untreated ones. This increase in PEC activity was attributed to the increase in Ti3+ sites after the electrochemical modification, which was corroborated by low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. The removal of ATZ by the PEC process resulted in a rate constant of 1.91 × 10−3 s−1, compared to 3.12 × 10−4 s−1 obtained by a strictly photocatalytic process. Liquid-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometric measurements showed the modified TiO2 electrodes highly effective at removing ATZ, with 96.1% removed after 10 h. Monitoring of the common degradation products desethyl atrazine (DEA), desisopropyl atrazine (DIA) and desethyl desisopropyl atrazine (DDA) revealed very low concentrations throughout the degradation process, indicating that further degradation was achieved. Quantum mechanical-based test for overall free radical scavenging activity (QM-ORSA) computational studies were performed and a mechanism for the N-dealkylation processes of ATZ has been proposed.

Structural, morphological, and optical studies of sol–gel spin coated TiO2 thin films

Nanoporous mesostructured Titanium dioxide [TiO2] thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by sol–gel spin coating method using Titanium tetra isopropoxide as a precursor. One set of the prepared samples was annealed at 300 °C for an hour and another set at 400 °C for an hour. The study of structural, morphological, and optical characterizations of these films was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The XRD pattern confirms the formation of the anatase phase of TiO2 nanostructured thin films. The strong Raman line at around 144 cm−1 confirms the anatase phase of the synthesized TiO2. FESEM images show plate-like TiO2 particles from micrometer to sub-micrometer size in the grown thin films. The size of the particles was found to be bigger in dimension in the 400 °C annealed TiO2 thin films than in 300 °C annealed TiO2 thin films. The UV–visible optical absorption studies show high optical absorption in TiO2 thin films in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Tuning of the Titanium Oxide Surface to Control Magnetic Properties of Thin Iron Films

We describe the magnetic properties of thin iron films deposited on the nanoporous titanium oxide templates and analyze their dependance on nanopore radius. We then compare the results to a continuous iron film of the same thickness. Additionally, we investigate the evolution of the magnetic properties of these films after annealing. We demonstrate that the M(H) loops consist of two magnetic phases originating from the iron layer and iron oxides formed at the titanium oxide/iron interface. We perform deconvolution of hysteresis loops to extract information for each magnetic phase. Finally, we investigate the magnetic interactions between the phases and verify the presence of exchange coupling between them. We observe the altering of the magnetic properties by the nanopores as a magnetic hardening of the magnetic material. The ZFC-FC (Zero-field cooled/field cooled) measurements indicate the presence of a disordered glass state below 50 K, which can be explained by the formation of iron oxide at the titanium oxide-iron interface with a short-range magnetic order.

Scaffold-Enforced Nanoscale Crystalline Order Supersedes Interfacial Interactions in Driving CsPbI3 Perovskite Phase Stability

The equilibrium phase of cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) is a high-density, low-symmetry, yellow crystalline solid below 320 °C, above which it transitions to the optoelectronically functional, black, perovskite phase. Several reports have achieved lowered phase transition temperatures and increased metastability of perovskite-phase CsPbI3 and attributed the effect variably to reduced size, surface-induced strain, and/or external additives. While theory supports that both reduced size and substrate-induced strain can tilt the competition between surface and bulk energies to favor the perovskite phase, there has not been a study of the relative influence of size and interfacial interactions on these dynamics. In this study, we selectively varied crystalline domain size by embedding CsPbI3 in open nanoporous titania scaffolds composed of particles ranging from 20 to 200 nm and measured the influence on phase transition behavior. We modified the surface of the scaffold using polar, ionizable, and nonpolar silane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to systematically test the extent to which the chemical identity of the interface impacts the surface energy contribution to the phase stability in the perovskite-scaffold composite. While structural and functional consequences were observed for different interfacial chemistries, there was no significant influence on phase equilibrium, and the disruption of long-range crystalline order alone was found to be sufficient to depress the phase transition temperature by more than 250 °C compared to bulk.

In-situ synthesized nano-porous titanium carbide coating on silicon carbide fibres using titanium tetrachloride vapour

Nano-porous titanium carbide (TiC) coating was in-situ synthesized by titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) vapour based on silicon carbide (SiC) fibre substrate. The microstructure of the coating was characterized and the reaction process and growth mechanism of terraced TiC grains were analyzed. The coating consists of TiC nanograin and the nanopores are formed by the lateral stack growth. The supersaturation of gaseous reagents at the boundary layer controls the composition and the morphology of the coating. The SiC fibre covered by the optimized TiC coating preserves the original flexibility. Finally, the SiCf/SiC mini-composite with nano-porous TiC interphase was prepared. The fracture surface exhibits fibre pull-out and interphase fracture.

Which 2D Material is Better for DNA Detection: Graphene, MoS2, or MXene?

Despite much research on characterizing 2D materials for DNA detection with nanopore technology, a thorough comparison between the performance of different 2D materials is currently lacking. In this work, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we compare nanoporous graphene, MoS2 and titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2) for their DNA detection performance and sensitivity. The ionic current and residence time of DNA are characterized in each nanoporous materials by performing hundreds of simulations. We devised two statistical measures including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the absolute pairwise difference to compare the performance of nanopores. We found that graphene nanopore is the most sensitive membrane for distinguishing DNA bases. The MoS2 is capable of distinguishing the A and T bases from the C and G bases better than graphene and MXene. Physisorption and the orientation of DNA in nanopores are further investigated to provide molecular insight into the performance characteristics of different nanopores.

Cluster-Assembled Nanoporous Super-Hydrophilic Smart Surfaces for On-Target Capturing and Processing of Biological Samples for Multi-Dimensional MALDI-MS.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) on cluster-assembled super-hydrophilic nanoporous titania films deposited on hydrophobic conductive-polymer substrates feature a unique combination of surface properties that significantly improve the possibilities of capturing and processing biological samples before and during the MALDI-MS analysis without changing the selected sample target (multi-dimensional MALDI-MS). In contrast to pure hydrophobic surfaces, such films promote a remarkable biologically active film porosity at the nanoscale due to the soft assembling of ultrafine atomic clusters. This unique combination of nanoscale porosity and super-hydrophilicity provides room for effective sample capturing, while the hydrophilic-hydrophobic discontinuity at the border of the dot-patterned film acts as a wettability-driven containment for sample/reagent droplets. In the present work, we evaluate the performance of such advanced surface engineered reactive containments for their benefit in protein sample processing and characterization. We shortly discuss the advantages resulting from the introduction of the described chips in the MALDI-MS workflow in the healthcare/clinical context and in MALDI-MS bioimaging (MALDI-MSI).

New nanoporous TiO2 with controlled porosities emanated from two concurrent correlative templates as potent adsorbents

In a new attitude, nanoporous titanium oxides (NPTi) were synthesized using tetra heptylammonium bromide (THPAB) for the first time, accompanied simultaneously by the pluronic P123 co-polymer. In addition, varying the amount of the Ti source, the ratio of THPAB:P123 and the binary mixtures of 2-butanol/H2O as solvents led to six different NPTi samples, NPTi-1 to 6, which were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The samples were characterized using various techniques, including N2-sorption, XRD, TGA, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. As a result, the surface areas were determined to be in the range between 60 and 170 m2 g−1, while the morphologies were spherical, well-dispersed and nano-sized. Also, the pore diameters and pore volumes varied in the ranges 2.1 to 7.0 nm and 0.1 to 0.3 cm g−1, respectively. The HRTEM image exhibited a d space of 0.35 nm, which is assigned to the crystalline anatase phase. From the XRD results, it was also demonstrated that the structure of the walls were included by the anatase phase. These new nano adsorbents were applied to remove resorcinol (R) and hydroquinone (HQ). The optimal conditions of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial R and HQ concentration, effect of temperature and adsorption time were obtained as 6, 4 mg, 30 mg L−1 and 30 min, respectively. For the titania sample of NPTi-1 (with a pore volume of 0.3 cm g−1), under optimum conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity was 234.8 mg g−1, which was the best adsorbent for removing R and HQ pollutants. The experimental equilibrium data were analyzed using different isotherm models, such as Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations.

Heterogeneous sensitization from nanoporous gold and titanium carbide (MXene) combining with molecularly imprinted polymers for highly sensitive and specific sensing detection of thiabendazole

A novel electrochemical sensing interface is developed for the thiabendazole (TBZ) detection with continuous electrode modification processes from nanoporous gold (NPG), titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Characterizations of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) reveal the morphology and composition of NPG and Ti3C2Tx MXene. X-ray diffraction (XRD) manifests the crystal structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene. The unique porous structure of NPG/GE with a large number of adsorption sites provides a fine platform for the immobilization of Ti3C2Tx MXene. The heterogeneous composition of two nanomaterials with the synergistic effect promotes the amplification of the sensing signal and enhances the sensitivity. After that, MIPs introduced via electropolymerization construct the imprinted electrode for the recognition of TBZ target molecules. Electrochemical behaviors of MIP/Ti3C2Tx/NPG/GE are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimized conditions, a low detection limit of 0.23 μM is obtained on the basis of the concentration of TBZ from 1 to 80 μM. The sensor exhibits favorable sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and stability. Besides, the established method is applied to the TBZ determination in real samples with satisfactory results of spiked recoveries. Such as this sensing interface modified with composites may hold a broad application prospect for trace analysis.