Nano Molybdenum Research Articles

Modelling and simulation of nanofluids to study cooling and lubrication effect

In the current work, the modelling and simulation of AISI 1040 steel is done under various cutting and coolant conditions. Here 2 vegetable oils (canola and sesame oils) with 2 different nano particles nano boric acid (nBA), nano molybdenum disulfide (nMoS2) are utilised to prepare nano fluids of varying percentage of nano particle inclusions (NPI) and their effectiveness is tested. Finite Element Method (FEM) is initially used to find the maximum cutting zone temperature considering dry cutting. Later the heat transfer rate from the workpiece and the temperature profile over the tool are found using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) under various conditions. It is noticed that nanofluids showed better performance over air and dry condition. The increase in heat transfer rates and reduction in temperatures are found with increase in NPI. Among various NPI concentrations of nanofluids, canola oil with 1% nMoS2 NPI has a greater impact on the reduction of temperature compared to other fluids. The reduction in temperature in case of nanofluids was 30.2% compared to air cooling where as heat transfer rates of the workpiece were high in case of nanofluid than air

A novel study on soft ferromagnetic nature of nano molybdenum sulphide (MoS2)

Bulk molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is diamagnetic substance. The nano MoS2 exhibits ferromagnetic behavior due to their layered structures. The synthesis of these nano structures with induced magnetic behavior is highly desirable. In the present study, the single phase nano MoS2 exhibiting ferromagnetic type behavior has been synthesized in an autoclave. The XRD confirms the pure phase of nano MoS2. The TEM micrographs and Raman spectra confirms the layered structure having few layers of MoS2. The magnetic character determined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) confirmed the soft ferromagnetic nature of nano MoS2 at room temperature. The saturation magnetisation estimated from VSM analysis is 1.6 emu/gram, which is 27.5 times higher than the reported results. The layered MoS2 exhibiting ferromagnetic character is promising candidate for spintronics and microwave devices.

Steering Efficacy of Nano Molybdenum Towards Cancer: Mechanism of Action.

Conventional cancer therapies possess a plethora of limitations which led to the awakening of nanotechnology and nanomedicine. However, technological success is widely dependent on complete understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of tumor biology on one hand and nanobiointeractions associated with challenges of synthesis, translation, and commercialization on the other. The present study therefore deals with one such targeted approach aiming at synthesizing, characterizing, and understanding the efficacy of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles. The phase structure, morphology, and elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity studies revealed that the IC50 vales of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) particles against skin cancer cells (melanoma and non-melanoma) were around 200–300 μg. The nanoparticles were found to induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis driven by the apoptotic genes such as BAX and Bcl2. Molybdenum being a cofactor for the majority of metabolic enzymes could have triggered the selective internalization of the nanoparticles which in turn could have modified the granularity of the cytoplasm and subsequently lead to mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Further, the anti-angiogenic property of MoO3 nanoparticles was corroborated using Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and aortic ring assay. Taken together , unraveling the role of MoO3 nanoparticles in cancer and angiogenesis opens up venues for nano biological intervention of selective cancer cell targeting with minimal damage to the normal cells using natural trace elements that are generally known to influence various metabolic enzymes.

A Review of an Effect of Canola Oil Lubrication with Nano Molybdenum Disulphide Additives on Machining

A Review of an Effect of Canola Oil Lubrication with Nano Molybdenum Disulphide Additives on Machining

Molybdenum Trioxide: Efficient Nanosorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions.

Nano Molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) was synthesized in an easy and efficient approach. The removal of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions was studied using this material. The effects of various experimental parameters, for example contact time, pH, temperature and initial MB concentration on removal capacity were explored. The removal of MB was significantly affected by pH and temperature and higher values resulted in increase of removal capacity of MB. The removal efficiency of Methylene blue was 100% at pH = 11 for initial dye concentrations lower than 150 ppm, with a maximum removal capacity of 152 mg/g of MB as gathered from Langmuir model. By comparing the kinetic models (pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion model) at various conditions, it has been found that the pseudo second-order kinetic model correlates with the experimental data well. The thermodynamic study indicated that the removal was endothermic, spontaneous and favorable. The thermal regeneration studies indicated that the removal efficiency (99%) was maintained after four cycles of use. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of the MB dye on the α-MoO3 nanoparticles after adsorption and regeneration. The α-MoO3 nanosorbent showed excellent removal efficiency before and after regeneration, suggesting that it can be used as a promising adsorbent for removing Methylene blue dye from wastewater.

Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of Bio-Degradable Nano Cutting Fluid

Various cutting fluids are available in cutting fluid market to provide good machining performances for metal cutting industries. Incidentally, most of the cutting fluids are synthetic and semi synthetic in nature, though they are beneficial to the industries but they are posing health and environmental issues. Even if these cutting fluids have the sufficient properties required for good machining, the major constraints associated with these fluids are their nature of non-biodegradability and non-friendliness to the environment. To overcome these difficulties, intense research is carried out to develop the biodegradable and effective cutting fluid. In this research, a novel castor oil based cutting fluid infused with nano molybdenum (MoS2) particles has been developed and its various machining properties have been investigated. Various important cutting parameters like surface roughness, tool life, cutting force were investigated using this newly developed biodegradable nano fluid as a cutting fluid. Comparative experimental studies have also been done with sunflower oil blend and conventional synthetic oil. Observed results validated that the newly developed castor oil based nano fluid improves the surface finish, too life by minimizing the cutting force developed to the considerable extent.

Preparation of nano-scale molybdenum disulfide by liquid phase precipitation method and its lubricating properties

ABSTRACTTransition metal compounds molybdenum disulfide has aroused widespread concern by its excellent characteristics and broad application prospects. In this paper, sodium molybdate and thioacetamide are taken as precursors, nanostructured molybdenum disulfide particles were prepared via liquid phase precipitation method with the aid of surfancts. The properties of the products were characterized by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The tribological properties of nano molybdenum disulfide were investigated by a four ball friction and wear tester. The results show that the nano scale molybdenum disulfide between 150∼300 nm can be obtained via liquid phase precipitation method in the acidic environment with the addition of surfactants polyethylene glycol (PEG-20000), cetanecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) and anhydrous ethanol. The base oil tribological properties can be significantly improved by adding 1wt.% of prepared nano molybdenum disulfide, and the maximum nonseizure load of lubricating oil can be up to 670 N; when the load is 660 N, there is no obvious wear scars in the upper steel ball. Lubricating oil mixed with synthesized nano molybdenum disulfide is more suitable for working under heavy load conditions, nano molybdenum disulfide as a base oil additive has a very broad application prospects.

Performance evaluation of vegetable oil based nano cutting fluids in machining using grey relational analysis-A step towards sustainable manufacturing

With the rising disadvantages of conventional cutting fluids, search for environmental-friendly cutting fluids is underway. The present work deals with the application of vegetable oil based nano cutting fluids during turning of AISI 1040 steel, in view of environmental conscious machining. Cutting fluids formulated by dispersing nano suspensions of molybdenum di sulphide in coconut oil, sesame oil and canola oil are applied to machining zone at varying cutting conditions, as suggested by Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. For statistical analyses, base fluid, nano particle inclusions, cutting speed and feed rate are considered as four factors at three levels each. Cutting force, cutting temperatures, tool flank wear and surface roughness are considered as four responses that represent machining performance indices. Multi objective optimization is done by implementing Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis. It is used to assess the optimum machining conditions. In the present work coconut oil +0.5% nano molybdenum sulphide when applied at a cutting speed of 40 m/min, feed rate of 0.14mm/rev and 0.5% nano particle inclusions resulted in improved machining performance. The order of influence of input parameters on machining performance is observed to be, type of base fluid, level of nanoparticle inclusion, cutting speed and feed. Cost analysis for the application of nanocutting fluids is done in the present work to assess the viability of these fluids in industry.

Thermal and structural studies of carbon coated Mo2C synthesized via in-situ single step reduction-carburization

Carbon coated nano molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) has been synthesized at 800 °C through single step reduction route using molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) as a precursor, polypropylene (P.P) as a carbon source and magnesium (Mg) as a catalyst in an autoclave. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis techniques (TG/DTA/DTG), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Williamson- Hall (W-H) analysis has been done to estimate various parameters like strain, stress and strain energy density. Multi-stage kinetic analysis of the product phase has been studied to establish the nature of the thermal decomposition. Coats-Redfern method applied to determine the mechanism involved in the decomposition of the product phase shows that initial and final stage follow F1 mechanism whereas middle stage follow F3 mechanism. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) has also been determined. The morphological studies shows that the particles have partially spherical/faceted shape, with carbon coated having wide particle size distribution. The surface chemistry and surface area analysis were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), respectively. The formation mechanism of carbon coated Mo2C nano particles has been predicted based on the XRD, TG/DTA & DTG and microstructural results.

Synthesis of Graphene-Metal Nanocomposite Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Graphene-based nanocomposites have been demonstrated to be promising high-capacity anodes for lithium ion batteries to satisfy the ever growing demands for higher capacity, longer cycle life and better high-rate performance. In this study, graphene–metal based anode materials which have high mechanical, electrochemical, electrical and thermal properties were synthesized. To synthesize graphene-based composite anode materials, primarily bulk graphite was oxidized by using modified Hummers method and then graphite oxide was reduced to nano graphene material through thermal exfoliation method. By virtue of this technique, from bulk graphite good quality graphene in high quantities were obtained. Finally, nano metal particles Tin (Sn) and Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were added into the graphene nano structure to produce graphene-metal hybrid material. Structural characterization of the obtained samples was characterized by surface electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy. Also electrochemical performances of the prepared composite samples were analyzed in coin cell

Sonochemical and solvothermal synthesis of methanol {2-[(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino)-methyl]phenolato}-dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex and its decomposition to MoO3 nanoparticles

As a new precursor to prepare nano molybdenum trioxide, methanol {2-[(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethylimino)-methyl]phenolato}dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex (1) with the Schiff base ligand (H2L) is synthesized by two different methods: solvothermal and sonochemical. Nanoparticles of 1 are obtained by one-pot solvothermal treatment of methanolic solutions of the ligand and di-oxomolybdenyl acetylacetonate at 150°C for 24 h and for improving the quality of nanostructures by sonochemical method with two types of solvents, different concentrations of initial reagents and also different sonication times. The thermal stability of nanosized compound 1 is studied by thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanoparticles of orthorhombic α-MoO3 are obtained by calcination of nanostructures of compound 1 at 700°C. All compounds and the obtained molybdenum trioxide nanostructures are characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Properties, Application and Synthesis Methods of Nano-Molybdenum Powder

Nano molybdenum powder has been applied in many industrial fields in forms of lubricant additives, metallurgical additives, powder sintering additives, and one of raw materials of electrical components, cleaner and smoke suppressor. The processes, mechanisms and prospects of its synthesis methods are comprehensively analysized, including plasma physical vapor deposition technology (PPVD), reduction of MoCl4 vapor, activated reduction technology, electro-explosion of molybdenum wire (Elex process), pulsed wire discharge technology, electron beam irradiating method, hybrid plasma process, vapor phase reduction of MoO3, and microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD), etc.

Facile and novel synthetic method to prepare nano molybdenum and its catalytic activity.

This study reports on a facile and economical synthetic method to prepare nano molybdenum by solid-state reaction technique. Metallic nano molybdenum was synthesised from molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum IV oxide and molybdenum VI oxide through thermal decomposition technique. Metallic nano molybdenum prepared from molybdenum IV oxide was used to study the catalytic effect of molybdenum nanoparticles on the growth of Anabaena sp. The increase in concentration of nano molybdenum from 0.1 to 100% in BG11 (N⁻ Mo⁻ + nano Mo) medium increases heterocyst frequency. The chlorophyll and protein content in Anabaena sp. was found to improve when compared with bulk molybdenum particles and showed a positive influence to be used as a nano nutrient for Anabaena sp.

Toxicity of Nano Molybdenum Trioxide toward Invasive Breast Cancer Cells

Current chemotherapy is limited by the nature of invasive cancer cells, which are similar to cancer stem cells. Nanomaterials provide a potential alternate mode of cancer therapy. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanoplates toward invasive breast cancer iMCF-7 cells by analyzing morphological changes and performing Western blot and flow cytometry analyses. The findings suggested that MoO3 exposure induces apoptosis and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in iMCF-7 cells. This study revealed the potential utility of MoO3 for treating metastatic cancer cells, which might enable advancements in cancer therapy.

Influence of Nano Nutrients on Heterocyst-Forming Cyanobacterium Anabaena ambigua Rao

The present study is deals with the influence of nanoparticles on the growth of heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena ambigua Rao [A100]. The nano molybdenum and iron particles have been synthesized respectively from molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and iron chloride (FeCl3) employing sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent and characterized comprehensively. BG11 (N−) media containing micronutrients like molybdenum and iron were replaced respectively by different concentrations of nano molybdenum [BG11 (N−Mo− + nano Mo)] (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and nano iron [BG11 (N−Fe− + nano Fe)] (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) particles for the cultivation. The effect of nano nutrients on cyanobacterial growth parameters like heterocyst formation, chlorophyll content, and protein content was analyzed. The obtained results showed that the high concentrations of nano molybdenum induce heterocyst formation, increase protein content, and decrease chlorophyll content when compared to the control, whereas the nano iron suppresses the growth of cyanobacteria Anabaena ambigua Rao [A 100].

A New Approach to Preparing Crystalline Nano Molybdenum Particles*

Simple and cost-effective new method is developed to synthesize crystalline nano molybdenum particles from molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. Nano molybdenum particles were studied using comprehensive characterisation. Crystallite size of prepared nano molybdenum was in the range of 24–35 nm. Particle size of nano molybdenum was around 100 nm whereas its surface area was in the range of 3.13–3.24 m2 g−1. The observed results are compared with existing results and the solid-phase technique in a muffle furnace was simple, rapid, reliable, reproducible, and cost effective in comparison with the currently available conventional methods.