Nano Extract Research Articles

Green biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles: a thoroughly exploration of characterization and biological efficacy

Conventional physical and chemical methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) often use reducing agents, and other chemicals that are harmful to the environment because of their toxic properties. This has prompted significant concern and the need to develop environmentally acceptable approaches. Due to the constraints of traditional chemicalphysical methods, green synthesis methods are being developed to fill these gaps by utilizing biological components extracted from plants. These plant-derived biomolecules are highly specific and facilitate the creation of metal nanoparticles. AgNPs, produced through these methods, possess a wide variety of metabolites with antibacterial effects. In light of this, the current investigation aimed to produce AgNPs using aqueous extracts obtained from Moringa leaves (Ml), Juniper leaves (Jl), and Juniper beans (Jb)via a green chemistry technique. Various analytical methods, including UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, were employed to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. After adding the plant extracts, the color of the aqueous silver nitrate solution noticeably changed to brown. Furthermore, a shift in absorption spectra was noted, with absorbance peaks appearing around λmax = 449.5 nm, 478.5 nm, and 440.5 nm for Juniper leaves, Jb, and Moringa extracts, respectively. DLS analysis revealed that the synthesized AgNPs varied in size and polydispersity index (PDI) values, with sizes of 108 nm (PDI = 0.246), 101 nm (PDI = 0.278), and 161 nm (PDI = 0.240) form Jl, Jb, and Ml extracts, respectively. These nanoparticles displayed no agglomeration and were stable over a long period. Transmission electron microscope/TEM analysis confirmed the synthesis of well/dispersed AgNPs with an average sizes of less than 22 nm, displaying different shapes likely due to the variety of capping agents present in the bean and leaf extracts. Elemental profiles showed a peak at 3 keV for the synthesized AgNPs, indicating a high proportion of silver elements in all three samples. The synthesized nanoparticles were also subjected to biological screening. The investigation involved testing their antibacterial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains. The Jlnano extract exhibited significant antifungal activity. Conversely, the aqueous and nano-extracts of Ml showed less effectiveness against fungal growth. The plant nano extracts, in particular, demonstrated a clearer effect against all tested fungi compared to the plant aqueous extracts. Among the AgNPs synthesized, those from Moringa extract had the greatest effect on Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), with an inhibitory zone diameter of 4.5 mm.

The effects of Marrubium alysson and Torilis arvensis natural and nano extracts on priming of wheat seeds in response to drought

AbstractAgriculture and climate change are inextricably linked in various aspects. Droughts have become more frequent as a result of climate change, having a significant impact on crop productivity. As a result, the current study investigated the effect of seed priming with natural plant extract and biosynthesized nano plant extract as an environmentally friendly tool for mitigating the drought effect on wheat as an economic crop. The study investigates the biosynthesis of Ag-nano particles from extracts of Marrubium alysson and Torilis arvensis. The UV–Vis spectrophotometer was used to characterize the biosynthesized AgNPs. Wheat grains were primed with Marrubium alysson and Torilis arvensis, along with their nanoextracts, and grown in different water regimes (100%, 60% and 40% field capacity), as well as hydropriming. Leaves were collected to determine the photosynthetic pigments, phenolics, flavonoids, CAT, GPX, H2O2, MDA, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins. In comparison with hydropriming seeds, the study discovered that natural and nano extracts significantly increased the CAT and GPX, as well as soluble proteins. Phenolics, flavonoids, soluble sugars, H2O2, and MDA content all decreased significantly, but pigment content remained unchanged. The study believed that priming wheat with natural and nano extracts, improved drought tolerance through the use of their metabolites, which included soluble sugars, phenolics, and flavonoids, accumulating in other metabolites like lignin, starch, and flavolignan to increase plant tolerance and reduce oxidative damage. Furthermore, nano extracts of Torilis arvensis and Marrubium alysson may be more effective than plant extracts since they separate from each other in PCA analysis.

Efficiency evaluation of ordinary and nanoscale extracts of Agaricus bisporus. on inhibition mycelial growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus in maize grain

This study aimed to protect maize crops from infection and production of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) aflatoxin B1(AFB1), using the ordinary and nanoscale extracts of Agaricus spp. HPLC technology showed that the isolate taken from Musayyib district which coded with (AFA5) was a highest toxin producer. AFB1 at a concentration of 77.02 ppb. PCR product showed that the amplification of the ITS4- region was successful ITS1 according to the primers used, where a single bundle with a size of 744 bp (base pair) appeared. The isolated and diagnostic results of maize samples collected from separate sites showed the presence of A. flavus and different genera of fungi, namely Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Rhizopus spp., issued by the genus Aspergillus spp. with frequency rates of 18.33, 38.87, 20.19, 15.92, and 6.69 % respectively. On Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), inhibitory effect results of Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) extract in inhibiting A. flavus growth, with inhibition percentages for the ordinary extract of 43.95, 34.59, and 10.90%, respectively, and for the nano extract 18.74, 43.71, and 76.56 % at 250,500 and 100 ppm respectively. AFB1 production was reduced by adding A. bisporus extracts (ordinary and nano) to Yeast Extract Sucrose Broth (YES) medium by 66% and 72.14%, respectively. Overall, our study presented a new insight for future scientific researches possibility of biocompands production using nanotechnology from natural resources that have the ability to safely environmentally control on mycotoxins production that present in agricultural production especially maize grains and encourage to widespread commercially use.

MENIAR EXTRACT NANO CONCENTRATE AND MILK PROCESSING TRAINING TO BOOST KELOMPOK PERAH JAYA JOMBANG'S INCOME

Segunung is one of the six Dusun in Carangwulung, Wonosalam, Jombang, East Java where Sapi Perah Jaya and Wanita Tani Perah Jaya groups manage to breed 210 dairy cows. The milk produced is deposited to KUD Anjasmoro before being transferred to the milk processing industry and some is processed by Wanita Tani Perah Jaya into pasteurized milk. The problems faced by dairy farmers, especially after the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak, are the decreasing milk and feed production, and livestock health. The problem faced by Wanita Tani Perah Jaya is a lack of knowledge about dairy product verification and marketing. To solve this problem the researchers administer nano meniran extract containing bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and Saponin flavonoids, as an immunomodulator, stimulate and improve the immune system and the impaired immune function, while Saponins increase the diameter of the villi and the permeability of intestinal cell walls, thereby affecting the absorption of nutrients carried by feed. If the immunity increases and the absorption of feed nutrients is good, it will increase milk production in dairy cows. Through this community service activity, there will be increased empowerment of partners of the Sapi Perah Jaya Group with training in making concentrate with meniran nano extract as well as milk processing at the Wanita Tani Perah Jaya. The solution is to diversify milk in the form of yogurt. This activity was carried out using three methods: 1) Counseling on making beef concentrate with the addition of nano meniran extract, making yogurt and marketing dairy products, 2) Training on making the concentrate and making yogurt 3) Monitoring and evaluation that was carried out every month for 3 months after the counseling and training were carried out. The results obtained from this community service are the increased empowerment of partners and the increased skills of farmers in making concentrates and dairy products in the form of yogurt and marketing them. The successful application of technology through community service can increase the income and welfare of these two groups.

Pengaruh Aplikasi Nanobiostimulan Rumput Laut (Padina minor Yamada) terhadap Kadar Klorofil Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Chlorophyll is a green pigment in plants which is important for the process of photosynthesis. The photosynthesis process affects plant growth. Seaweed extract has been proven to be a source of biostimulants that can increase plant growth, one of which is Padina minor. Concentration and frequency are important factors that influence the work of biostimulants. One effort to increase the effectiveness of biostimulants is by changing the crude extract into the form of nanoparticles. This research aims to analyze the effect of concentration, frequency, and interaction between concentration and frequency of crude extract and Padina minor nano extract on chlorophyll levels in soybean plants. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial consisting of 2 factors and 4 replications. Factor A concentration of Padina minor extract, namely control, crude extract 0.4%, nano extract 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6%. Factor B is the frequency of administration of Padina minor extract, namely 1, 2, and 3 times administration. Based on research that has been carried out, the results showed that administration of 0.4% crude extract increased the average chlorophyll a level by 6.6% and a total of 11%. Meanwhile, chlorophyll b gave the same results as 0.3% nano extract, namely an increase of 14% compared to the control. The total frequency of administration of Padina minor extract was 3 times, and the same as the other treatments, increasing chlorophyll a levels by 4.6%, b by 5.2%, and a total of 4.9% compared to the control. The interaction between concentration and frequency of administration of Padina minor nano extract gives the same results as the crude extract, with lower concentration and less frequency of application in increasing levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in soybean plants.

The nano mixture of ethanol extract ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed and putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.) leaves potentially reduced blood glucose levels in hyperglycemia wistar rat

The formation of nano extracts can increase the bioactivity of a compound in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a nano mixture of Coriandrum sativum L seed and ethanol extract of Mimosa pudica L leaves to reduce glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats, compared to an ethanolic extract mixture of Coriandrum sativum L seeds and Mimosa pudica L leaves. The size and zeta potential characterization of the ethanolic extract mixture of Coriandrum sativum L seed and Mimosa pudica L leaves was carried out using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The results of characterization with PSA showed that the nanoparticle size of the ethanolic mixture of Coriandrum sativum L seeds and Mimosa pudica L leaves was 184.4 nm and the zeta potential value was -1.62 mV. The particle size obtained is in accordance with the herbal nano size, which is 50-300 nm. Identification of compounds in the ethanolic extract mixture of Coriandrum sativum L seed and Mimosa pudica L leaves by LC-MS/MS, found 7 compounds suspected of antihyperglycemia, namely phenylalanine, indole, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde, apigenin, 2-flouren-9-ylidenemethyl-pyridine, and 5-Pentyl-1,3-benzenediol. The activity test results showed that the nano ethanol extract mixture of Coriandrum sativum L seed and Mimosa pudica L leaves was more effective in lowering blood glucose levels (79.29%) compared to the ethanolic extract mixture of Coriandrum sativum L seed and Mimosa pudica L leaves (50.88%).

Analysis of the ability of nano-mixture of Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. leaves ethanol extract in lowering blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hyperglycaemic Wistar rats

Introduction: Nano-mixture chitosan was used as a nano-extract framework, while tripolyphosphate was used as a stabilizer. Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. nano extracts were created using the ionic gelatin technique. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-mixture herbal extract of Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. to lower free radicals and glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Methods: Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) characterized the resultant nano-mixture extract. The antihyperglycemic characteristics of a nano-mixture extract were investigated in streptozotocin-induced rats using a randomized post-test-only control group design. At the same time, blood glucose levels and oxidative stress markers MDA and SOD were monitored. Results: Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. extracts included polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, according to the results of the phytochemical test. Nano extract was well supported by PSA characterization as a delivery vehicle for bioactive chemicals, with a zeta potential of -23.98 mV and a particle size of 422.20 nm. The oral administration of the nano-mixture extract at a dose of 50 mg/Kg BW/day had the greatest results for lowering glucose blood MDA and raising SOD levels in hyperglycaemic rats, according to the antihyperglycemic test on streptozotocin-treated rats. Conclusion: In hyperglycaemic rats, a nano-mixture of Coriandrum sativum L. and Mimosa pudica L. nano extract may lower MDA and blood glucose while raising SOD levels.

Valuation The efficiency of Nanotechnology and biological activity of Nanoparticle for two plant extracts Ricinus communis and Neriun oleander against immature stages of Greater wax moth.Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: pyralidae)

The results of present study conducted on the Laboratory of advance entomology \ Department of biology \ Faculty of Education for Girls \ University of Kufa, during the years 2018-2019 for evaluating The efficiency of Nanotechnology and biological control and the effect of two plant extracts on the different immature stages of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae). eggs, first and fourth larval instars. The cold aqueous extract of castor Ricinus communis and Nerium oleander leaves ,from which different concentrations ( 1,2,3 and 4) mg \ ml were prepared in the Laboratory. The experiments include the enhancement of these plant extracts of toxic nature with chemically prepared particles, silver nanoparticles, and conducting multiple experiments for the same instars of the insect, which was treated with aqueous plant extracts .The statistical results as well as the observation during different stages of the experiments were superior of these nanoextracts over plant extracts in the mortality of eggs and first and fourth latval instars. Experiments indicated that the mortality percentages when treated with aqueous leaves extract of castor were (76, 91, 96) % respectively while the same instars were treated with nano extract of castor was(83.3 ,92.3 ,98.6 )% respectivly . The leaves extract of N.oleander was (86.6%, 96.6%, 99.4%) compared with (93.3, 100, 100) % respectively of the nanoparticle of the eggs and larvae of the first and fourth phases at 4 mg / ml. It also proved that the first instar was the most sensitive to the extract of the fourth instar, where the highest mortality percentages was (96.6, 100) % compared with (86.6, 93.3)% respectively of the first and fourth larval instars when treated with and nano of N. oleander and R.communis respectively.

Investigation of Dracocephalum extract based on bulk and nanometer size as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in different corrosive media

In recent years, green corrosion inhibitors derived from natural plant resources have garnered much interest. In the present work, at first, we investigated the corrosion behavior of mild steel (st-37) in the presence, and absence of Dracocephalum extract based on bulk size as a corrosion inhibitor in two widely used acidic environments (0.5 M H2SO4, and 1.0 M HCl), at room temperature. Then, we used Dracocephalum extract based on nanometer size to reduce the optimal concentration of inhibitor, increase the corrosion resistant, and efficiency. Dracocephalum extract does not contain heavy metals or other toxic compounds, and also good characteristics such as low cost, eco-friendly, and widespread availability, make it suitable nature candidate as an environmentally safe green inhibitor. The anticorrosive behavior was assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PP). In all of the studies, the inhibitory efficiency (IE%) increased as the extract dose was increased. But by using nano extract, in addition to maintaining high efficiency, the amount of inhibitor was reduced significantly. The highest IE% is 94% at the best dose of nano extract (75 ppm), but the highest IE% is 89% at the best dose of the bulk extract (200 ppm) in H2SO4 solution. Also, for the HCl solution, the highest IE% is 88% at the best dose of nano extract (100 ppm), but the highest IE% is 90% at the best dose of the bulk extract (400 ppm), by polarization method. The PP results suggest that this compound has an effect on both anodic, and cathodic processes, and that it adsorbs on mild steel surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and a solid UV–Visible reflection spectrum were used to investigate the alloys' surface morphology.

Nano extract of Coriandrum sativum l (ketumbar seed) decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood glucose, and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hyperglycaemic wistar rats

Introduction: Coriandrum sativum L (ketumbar seeds) nano extract was prepared using chitosan as a nano extract framework and tripolyphosphate as a stabilizer by ionic gelatin method. This study aimed to reduce free radicals in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats by administering Coriandrum sativum L nano extract as nano herbal. Methods: Characterization of the resulting nano extract was performed using Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR). The ability of nano extract as antihyperglycemic on streptozotocin-induced rats was tested using the randomized post-test only control group design research by observing the levels of blood glucose, MDA, and SOD as markers of oxidative stress. Results: The phytochemical test showed that Coriandrum sativum L extracts contained polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Characterization with PSA strongly supports nano extract as a delivery system for bioactive substances with a zeta potential of -25.80 mV and a particle size of 455.20 nm. The result of the antihyperglycemic test showed that oral administration at a dose of 50 mg/Kg BW/day gave the best result for decreasing glucose blood and MDA, and increasing SOD level in hyperglycaemic rats. LCMS/MS analysis showed that in ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum L are suspected to contain the 7 compounds: DL-Valine, indoline, 2-quinolinol, trans-tnrthole, luteolin, apigenin, linoliamide, and luteolinin are compounds known in to be able to lower blood glucose and malondialdehyde. Conclusion: Coriandrum sativum L (ketumbar seeds) nano extract was prepared using chitosan had potential to decrease MDA and blood glucose, and increase SOD level in hyperglycaemic rats.

Nano antioxidant serum ethanol extract lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia S.)

Serum is a cosmetic that has received great attention from the industry, but the main challenges are appearance, transparency and public acceptance of herbal active ingredients. On the other hand, herbal cosmetics, such as those using lime peel, are also growing. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of lime peel made in a nano extract serum preparation. The method for making nano extracts uses ionic gelation with PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) and Zeta Potential characterization. The concentration of nano serum of lime peel ethanol extract used was 0.5%; 1%; and 3%. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity testing method uses DPPH and data analysis applied one-way ANOVA then by Tukey test. The results of the nano extract serum formulation using organoleptic testing are transparent, thick and liquid, odorless, and feel moist on the skin. The results of nanoparticle characterization using PSA measurements with three replications were 295.1; 320.3; 385.4 nm and the results of testing the zeta potential of nanoparticles with three replications, namely 3.2; 3.4; 6.0mV. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant activity test on the basis of the preparation formula are classified as weak (IC50 value of 156.22 μg/mL); Meanwhile, preparation formula with a concentration of 0.5%; 1%; 3% are considered very strong (IC50 value of 46.39 μg/mL; 41.06 μg/mL; 36.27 μg/mL). The results of data analysis consider significance of p value below 0.05. The conclusion is nano lime peel extract meets the requirements and the serum preparation meets the requirements and has antioxidant activity.

Nutraceuticals of nano-betel (Piper betle L.) leaves: prevent COVID-19 and oral cavity disease

Introduction: Betel leaf is very popular in Asia and known to have a function as traditional medicine. And is often referred to as the "Golden Heart of Nature". This is because the betel leaf has an effect such as antimicrobial, antiviral, radioprotective, antioxidant, antiseptic, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, wound healing, antiplatelet, antibacterial, antifungal, and immunomodulatory activity. Nutraceutical nano-betel leaf extract contains rich in minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and essential oils. Effectively protects the mouth from pathogens. This research aims to review the nutraceuticals of nano-betel leaf extract to prevent COVID-19 and oral cavity disease. Methods: This systematic review study was conducted through six steps: (1) framing the questions (based on theory); (2) Run a search (on Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Science Direct publishing articles from 2020 to 2022); (3) Determine the relevant research; (4) Determine the articles come from diverse backgrounds; (5) Extraction of data from individual studies; (6) Synthesis of results using the narrative method. Results: Betel leaf contains nutrients for oral health, immunomodulators, and COVID-19, namely protein, amino acids, vitamins A, B, C, and K, as well as minerals such as Mg, K, Ca, Fe, I, P, Zn, essential oil (eugenol, hydroxylchavicol, allylpyrocatechol, quercetin, etc). Betel leaf nano extract has a significant role as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antivirus, which act as anti-oral cavity disease and anti-COVID-19. Betel leaf nano extract has a significant role in curing various oral cavity diseases related to COVID-19, including fungal infections, toothache, conjunctivitis, re-current HSV, oral ulcerations, xerostomia or decreased salivary flow, and gingivitis. Conclusion: Betel leaf nano extract has a significant role in curing oral cavity disease and COVID-19. It is recommended that research into the oral disease and COVID-19 drugs combined with viable ingredients substances from betel leaf.

Effect of nano extracts of olea europaea leaves, ficus carica and liraglutide in lipidemic liver of type 2 diabetic rat model

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of Ficus carica mixture and Olea europaea leaf nano extracts, and liraglutide, on liver tissue and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic male albino rat model. Forty rats were divided equally into 4 groups were used. Group 1 was the non-diabetic control group. The animals in Groups 2–4 was injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 60 mg/kg b.w. Streptozotocin to induce a diabetic rat model. Group 2 served as a positive control for diabetes. 0.02 mg/kg b.w./day of Liraglutide gave to groups 3 and 4 and 4.8 ng/ml × 105 b.w./day of a mixture of the nano extracts, respectively. Eight weeks after treatment, the animals were sacrificed. Blood was collected for glucose analysis and serum low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides analysis, and the livers processed for histopathological examination. The elevated lipid profiles and blood glucose levels in diabetic group (Group 2) were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) following the administration of liraglutide and nano extracts in Groups 3 and 4. Progressive fatty acid changes were found in the liver sections, indicated by the deposition of various sizes of lipid droplets in most liver lobules, along with patchy hepatocyte necrosis. These pathological changes were ameliorated in the liraglutide- and nano-extract-treated rats. Treatment with the nano extracts resulted in significant power assays associated with recovery of hepatic histology and functional alterations, compared to liraglutide treatment.

The Effect of Nano Extract Formulation on Antioxidant Activity of 70% Ethanolic Extract of Purple Sweet Potato’s Leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) Antin-3 Variety

Purple sweet potato leaves contain anthocyanins with high antioxidant activity but are rarely used. To increase the activity of a natural product, nanoparticle formulation in the extract can be used. It can increase the absorption of the product in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the formulation of natural ingredients used for antioxidants can affect their activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of the nano extract formulation on the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) antin-3 variety. The ionic gelation method carried out the manufacture of nano extracts. Meanwhile, the determination of antioxidant levels was carried out by the DPPH method using spectrophotometry Vis. The formulation of nano extract of purple sweet potato leaf (Ipomoea batatas L.) antin-3 variety affects its antioxidant activity. Nanoparticle formulation in purple sweet potato leaf extract affected its antioxidant activity.

Thioacetamide-Induced Acute liver Failure and Prospect of Nano Antioxidant Based Therapy; [Herbal Approach

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition with an unclear history of pathophysiology, Punica granatum L peel and Pistacia atlantica leaves are differentiated by the presence of a wide range of flavonoids and phenolic as antioxidant compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Punica granatum L. peel and Pistacia atlantica leaves either in their normal and/or in their nano forms against thioacetamide induced acute liver failure in a rodent model. Male Wistar rats (n=60) were divided into six equal groups, the first group employed as a control; The second group administered a dose of 350 mg /Kg/ b.w of thioacetamide (TAA)-ip, from the third to the sixth group received TAA + [2mls / 100 g b.w/d] of aqueous extracts of Punica granatum L and Pistacia atlantica either in their normal and/or Nano forms consecutively for (14 days) .In the TAA challenged group, there was a substantial increase in liver enzymes, lipid profiles, LPO ( p= 0.05), and NO, as well as a substantial drop in GSH and SOD, which was followed by an increase in inflammatory cytokine (IL6, TNF-, and AFP), as well as a considerable increase in HSP70 level and DNA degradation. However, ip nano treatment of both extracts resulted in considerable and subsequent improvement of most of the compromised indicators. In conclusion: The current findings demonstrated the great performance of both plant nano extracts, as well as their hepatoprotective effects and possible therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of TAA-induced acute liver failure in experimental animals.

Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle by Cordia myxa Extract and their Study Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activity

The ethanolic extract leaves of the Cordia myxa plant were used to prepare the biosynthesis of silvernanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The detection of Ag-NPs was done using UV, FTIR, and SEM. We evaluated theanti-bacterial property of ethanolic and nano extract against the growth of two types of pathogenic microbes:Gram –ve bacteria (E. coli) and Gram +ve bacteria (S. aureus). The antibacterial activity of the nano extractwas high. In vitro, extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity against DPPH at a concentration of0.8mg/ml. The MTT test was utilized to detect the cytotoxicity of nano extract against lung tumor, and theresults indicated that nano extract treatment significantly inhibited the growth of cells (A594 cell line) ina concentration dependent manner. The results indicate, nano extract is a particularly valuable source ofantiproliferative and cytotoxic agents.

Insecticidal potential of some plant extracts in nano and normal form on immatures stages of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Red palm weevil, R. ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is the principal insect pest attacks date palm all over Egypt, Current work aims to take advantage of effective, ecofriendly, and safer plant sources in pest control. Toxicity of some plant crude extracts on both normal and nano form against eggs and larvae stags of RPW was assessed in laboratory exposure experiments. The treatments comprised three different concentration of plant extracts (5, 10 and 15 mg/100 ml) for both normal and nano extracts of selected plants using aquatic solutions. Data showed that all the evaluated extracts showed potential ovicidal and larvicidal activity against RPW, nano extracts recorded the highest ovicidal and larvicidal activities compared to normal extract, as ovicidal potential eucalyptus nano extract at 15% was the most toxic which give (80.00±1.00%) mortality, (LC50=9.011) followed by oleander nano extract at 15% 76.67±0.58% (LC50=9.48) and Datura extract at 15 (70.0±1.0 %) (LC50=9.652), while, in Larvicidal activity, nano eucalyptus was the highest effect among all extraction (LC50=5.228) followed by Oleander(LC50=6.042).

A Review on the Effect of Natural Antioxidants (Extracts and Nano Extracts) on the Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils

One of the major problems facing the food industry is the oxidation of fats and oils, which results in the formation of free radicals. Free radicals cause diseases such as cancer, premature aging and atherosclerosis, and in addition to endangering consumer health, they reduce the nutritional and digestive value of foods. One of the most effective ways to delay lipid oxidation is the use of antioxidants. Natural antioxidants, such as herbal extracts, are an abundant and remarkable source of polyphenolic compounds that have high antioxidant capacity and can be a good alternative to synthetic antioxidants in the food system. Since plant extracts are highly active compounds, they may lose their beneficial effects due to exposure to oxygen or nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to use methods to protect them in order to achieve the highest antioxidant activity. So, using nano-encapsulation these problems will be partially solved. This paper will review the oxidative of vegetable oils and ways to combat them.

Protective Effect of Nanochitosan Incorporated with Free/nanoliposome Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Aqueous Extract on Sardine Fish

ABSTRACT Currently, the demand for biodegradable packaging as one of the preferable preservation technologies to prevent food spoilage is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new eco-friendly coating with free and nano-encapsulated Cuminum Cyminum L. aqueous extract (CCE) on quality attributes of sardine fish. The microstructural changes were evaluated after the addition of extract (E), nanoextract (NE), and nanoliposome by measuring the mean size of nonoliposomes, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The use of cumin remarkably (p < .05) reduced the peroxide value (PV), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Cumin extract coatings especially in the form of nanoliposome showed inhibitory effect on the total viable counts (TVC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Moreover, nano-encapsulation of CCE provided a controlled release of this compound on the sardine surface, which prolonged the antioxidant activity of coating during storage compared with other groups (nano chitosan, nanochitosan-E, and control groups). As a result, nano chitosan (NCh) coating with CCE-encapsulated nanoliposomes can be used as effective active packaging.

An In vitro and in vivo study on antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare extract and its nano form against Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study was performed in order to determine the antibacterial activity of oregano, Origanum vulgare extract (OVE) and its nano extract (NOVE) on Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout in vitro and in vivo. Extraction was done under standard percolation method. Then OVE and NOVE were screened to identify their antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus iniae by using disk diffusion assay and challenge methods. Also, the MIC and MBC values for OVE and NOVE were determined by micro dilution method. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effect of OVE and NOVE were examined by feeding rainbow trout fingerlings, with O. vulgare extract and its nano extract and florfenicol as a positive control. Then, all fish were injected intraperitoneal with S. iniae suspension in 3A�108 CFU ml-1 concentration. Mortality rate was investigated for next 14 days after injection; then the spleen of fish samples removed to determine bacteria total count (SBT). In vitro results showed that OVE and NOVE had antimicrobial activity which was higher in NOVE. The inhibition zone of NOVE (26.066 mm) was significantly greater than OVE (21.7mm) (p\textless0.05). Also, the MIC and MBC values with high efficacy against S. iniae in NOVE treatment group were 0.25 and 0.5 mg\backslashmL respectively, which was lower than OVE treatment values (p\textless0.05). In vivo results showed that the mortality rate and SBT was significantly lower (p\textless0.05) in the fish fed with NOVE than OVE and the control group (p\textless0.05). These results indicated that the Origanum vulgare extract and its nano extract supplement are satisfactory as a prophylactic measure against rainbow trout streptococcosis and also for fish health improvement. © 2020 Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. All rights reserved.