Nano Copper Research Articles

Economical Concrete Cube Prepared Using Different Types of Nano-Material for Sustainable Construction

In this research work concrete cube has been prepared by doing partial replacement for cement using nano materials like Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNTs), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and copper oxide (CuO) at different percentages like 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5%. Basic test has been done for materials and fresh concrete, followed by compressive strength test for concrete cubes. MWCNT gives more result compare to TiO2 and CuO. Just to reduce cement usage, fly ash has been used by keeping the compressive strength and the amount of nano materials as constant up to 35% of MWCNTs, TiO2, and CuO, with fly ash replaced for cement to obtain the normal strength. Cost analysis has been done to find out the economic efficiency of nano material concrete cube due to which TiO2 with fly ash cost 14.45Rs to prepare single cube, as MWCNTs and CuO with fly ash cost 726.4 and 17.64Rs to prepare single concrete cube. Almost TiO2 cube preparation took 10% reduction for the preparation of concrete cube compare to normal concrete cube has taken 15.96Rs. So we concluded that TiO2 with fly ash nano material concrete is the economical efficient concrete compared to MWCNTs and CuO with fly ash.

Synthesis and characterization of silica gel composite with thermal conductivity enhancers and polymer binders for adsorption desalination and cooling system

Adsorption desalination and cooling is a promising technology that has recently been investigated. In this study, a silica gel powder composite (SGPC) with nano-copper (NC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was synthesized by mechanical grinding and melt blending for the first time. It can improve the thermal conductivity of silica gel powder (SGP) and the operation efficiency of the adsorption desalination and cooling system (ADCS). By measuring the curve of temperature variation to compare the four thermal conductivity enhancers (TCE), graphite powder (GP), carbon nanotubes (CNT), nano-alumina (NA) and NC, it was found that NC had the best thermal conductivity enhancement. The microstructure, adsorption and thermal properties of the SGPC samples were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and thermal constant analyzer. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of SGPC with NC content of 0–1.6 wt% was in the range of 0.29–0.33 g−1. The thermal conductivity of SGPC with NC content of 0.8wt%, 1.2 wt%, and 1.6 wt% was found to be improved by 114%, 156% and 185% compared to the parent SGP, and the thermal conductivity was effectively enhanced. Thus, the developed adsorbent has eximious water adsorbability and thermal conductivity and has good adsorption/desorption cycle stability, which is attractive for ADCS.

An effortless approach to synthesize two structurally diverse nano copper(II) materials and assessment of their apoptosis‐inducing ability on lung cancer cell line

AbstractTwo architecturally dissimilar coordination complexes, namely, C1 = [CuL1(NO2)]2 and C2 = [CuL2(NO3)] (L1 = (4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐isobutylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate and L2 = (4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐propylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate) have been synthesized from two different organic ligand backbones. The synthesized complexes have been identified using some common techniques like elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The X‐ray structural analysis revealed that C1 is a dinuclear complex realized through one bridging nitrite anion, whereas for C2, nitrate anions bridge the complexes to accomplish a 1D coordination polymer. C1 and C2 when slashed down by rapid and green mechanical method by using a simple hand grinding technique, mortar and pestle, resulted in NC1 and NC2 nanoparticles, whose average size was characterized by PXRD, SEM, and DLS.As far as we know, this is the first report where the nano‐formulation has been used while maintaining the structural integrity of the Schiff base complex. The proliferative properties of these complexes have been assessed in vitro using human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Being a polymer, the number of metal centers in NC2 is much higher; accordingly, this complex is more vital in terms of biological activity in comparison with NC1.

Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization of Hot Coined Carbon Fiber Reinforced Pure Aluminium Composites

Poor interfacial structure and severe agglomerations of carbon fiber (CF) are significant problems that face carbon fiber reinforced aluminium (CF/Al) composites. Thus, CF was surface modified with nano copper particles (Cu) to overcome these problems. Two groups of CF/Al composites (uncoated and coated) at different weight percentages of reinforcement (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20) were fabricated using the planetary ball milling method and then uniaxially hot coined at 550 ℃ under 700 MPa. The results showed that CF refined the crystallite size of the Al matrix, and no {mathrm{Al}}_{4}{mathrm{C}}_{3} or {mathrm{Al}}_{2}mathrm{Cu} were detected in XRD patterns. The density and thermal expansion of composites reduced with increasing CF percentage in all samples. The electrical and thermal conductivities are improved up to 10 wt% of uncoated reinforcement and 15 wt% of coated one. The mechanical test results revealed that by increasing CF, the compressive strength of composites decreased while the wear properties improved for both groups. Cu deposition on CF improved the bonding between reinforcement and matrix, producing composites with better interfacial bonding, fewer agglomerations and porosity, and higher values of the properties of the composites.Graphic Preparation and characterization of carbon fiber reinforced aluminium composites by hot coining technique

Impact assessment of biofouling resistant nano copper oxide–polyaniline coating on aquaculture cage nets

Biofouling is a major issue in aquaculture cages and nano materials based antifouling strategies became more prominent in recent years. Polyethylene aquaculture cage net surface which is modified with polyaniline and nano-copper oxide (CuO), reported to have biofouling resistance. Leaching of nano CuO from the net to the aquatic environment and its bioaccumulation in fish is the major concern against the technology adoption. The present study aimed to understand the accumulation of copper in fishes grown in a nano CuO treated aquaculture cage net. Studied the leaching pattern of nano CuO, biofouling inhibition and changes in strength of the cage net due to the nano CuO treatments. Fishes grown in the treated cages exhibited normal growth characteristics with no signs of abnormalities and also copper in their organs were within the prescribed standard limit. The CuO treated cage net exhibited excellent biofouling resistance and the percentage of occlusion of mesh by foulers were 56.77% more efficient than untreated cage net. Rate of nano CuO leached to the aquatic system was less than 8 μg/g·d. The fouling organism assemblage on untreated and treated net was 18 and 11 species, respectively. Major calcareous shelled foulers were absent on treated nets. The study highlighted the potential application of nano CuO treatment to control biofouling in aquaculture cages.

Bis-(N-aminoethylethanolamine)-Copper(II) nanocatalysis (AEEA-Cu(II)-NPs) meditated to synthesis a series of 2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives: Characterization of theoretical, computational and evaluation of molecular docking, and cytotoxicity activities

In this work, bis-(N-aminoethylethanolamine)-Copper (II) nano (AEEA-Cu(II)-NPs) catalysis was synthesized and used as a catalyst in Biginelli reactions. Synthesized nanocatalysis was characterized by UV, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and particle size distribution analysis. The title compounds of thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives (1a-1o) were synthesized via Biginelli method, the reaction was carry out via AEEA-Cu(II)-NPs catalysis. Synthesized compounds (1a-1o) were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The spectral data of compound 1a was confirmed by the comparison of both experimental and theoretical values. GC-EI-MS analysis of the characteristic protonation pathways for GC-EI-MS fragmentation of synthetic 2-thioxo-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives is reported. Computing methods of compound 1a was studied such as optimize the geometry, frontier molecular orbital analysis (HOMO-LUMO), and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP). In cytotoxicity screening, compounds were tested against. Cell lines 2HepG2 (liver), MCF-7 (breast), and HeLa (cervical) cancer cell lines. Molecular docking was used to determine the inter and intramolecular interactions. In order to determine the most effective pyrimidine derivatives (1f and 1 g) for the protein 4FM9, and Autodock Vina 1.1.2 software was used in conjunction with the binding mode of fluorouracil as a reference compound. The compounds 1f and 1g were extremely effective against HepG2 cells compared to fluorouracil. During docking studies, 1f showed a higher attraction for the 4FM9 protein (−6.5 kcal/mol) than fluorouracil (−5.4 kcal/mol). The compounds 1f, and 1g showed impressive inhibitory properties in cytotoxic screening as compared to the reference compound. Due to the docking studies and cytotoxicity screening results, the new compounds look promising as therapeutic agents.

Green adeptness in the synthesis and stabilization of copper nanoparticles using aqueous root extract of Schrebera swietenioides Roxb, and its catalytic application

The discovery of various advanced materials that are applicable in remediation of environment pollutants was rapidly advancing because of their applications in wide range. Green synthesized Nano particles (NPs) were currently gaining attention in photodegradation of dyes and metals due to its ecofriendly, cost effective and simple production. Hence this study intended to synthesize and characterize the nano sized copper particles using aqueous root extract of Schrebera swietenioides Roxb., as green reducing agent. The synthesized NPs were characterized and proved that the NPs were aggregates with spherical shape to undefined shapes with an average particle size of 32±4 nm and contain 82.5 % of copper metal in the particles. Further, the synthesized NPs were applied for the removal of Sudan red (III) dye, Azure A dye and Lead metal. The findings proved that the NPs had potential degradation efficacy on the degradation of Sudan dye, Azure A dye and Lead metal. The NPs were durable and could be reusable with high degradation efficacy after three cycles of study for both dyes and metal in the study. Therefore, the green synthesized Cu NPs are potential candidates for photocatalytic applications. Keywords: Copper nano particles, Photo catalytic activity, Azure A dye, Lead metal degradation.

Dissolution kinetics and solubility of copper oxide nanoparticles as affected by soil properties and aging time.

Nano copper oxide (CuO NP) was added to eight soils to study the effect of aging time of copper on the concentration of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extracted copper (DTPA-Cu), with bulk copper oxide (CuO BP) and copper nitrate [Cu(NO3)2] used for comparison. Moreover, the effect of soil properties on the dissolution of CuO NP was studied. A dissolution model was used to quantitatively describe the dissolution kinetics of CuO NPs in different soils. The results showed that the concentration of DTPA-Cu decreased with increasing aging time in soils spiked with Cu(NO3)2, while the concentration increased to varying degrees in soils spiked with CuO NPs or CuO BPs. In acidic soils, the equilibrium concentrations of DTPA-Cu were 93.3-98.7mg·kg-1 for CuO NP treatments, 65.5-94.3mg·kg-1 for CuO BP treatments, and 81.4-90.0mg·kg-1 for Cu(NO3)2 treatments, which were greater than those in alkaline soils (43.4-56.9mg·kg-1, 6.26-8.61mg·kg-1, and 73.9-80.0mg·kg-1, respectively). In acidic soils, DTPA-Cu equilibrium concentration ranked the different forms of copper treatments as CuO NPs > Cu(NO3)2 > CuO BPs, while in alkaline soils, the order was Cu(NO3)2 > CuO NPs > CuO BPs. The dissolution rate constants and solubility of CuO NPs were 0.33-6.42 and 37.1-100.1mg·kg-1, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the dissolution parameters of CuO NPs were negatively correlated with soil pH and positively correlated with the contents of organic matter, clay, iron oxides, and aluminum oxides. Further, the dissolution rate constant and solubility of CuO NPs could be well predicted by soil pH and the content of free or amorphous aluminum. Our study identified the main factors controlling the dissolution of CuO NPs in farmland soils and highlighted the higher availability of CuO NPs in acidic soils.

The effect of ultrasonic irradiation power and initial concentration on the particle size of nano copper(II) coordination polymer: Precursors for preparation of CuO nanostructures

The effect of ultrasonic irradiation power and initial concentration on the particle size of nano copper(II) coordination polymer: Precursors for preparation of CuO nanostructures

Coalescence kinetics and microstructure evolution of Cu nanoparticles sintering on substrates: a molecular dynamics study

Nano copper sintering technology has great potential to be widely applied in the wide-bandgap semiconductor packaging. In order to investigate the coalescence kinetics of copper nano particles for this application, a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was carried out at low temperature on a special model containing two substrate and multiple particles in between. Accordingly, thorough microstructure and dislocation investigation was conducted to identify the atomic-scale evolution in the system. The corresponding findings could provide evidence on the new particle-substrate sintering mechanism. Furthermore, atomic trajectories tracking method was applied to study the rotation behavior of different sized nano particles. New rotation behavior and mechanism were described. Additionally, the study on the size effect of copper particles on the sintering process and coalescence mechanism was conducted via comparing the microstructural and dislocation distribution of 3 nm, 4 nm and 5 nm models. Finally, by comparing the MSD results at low and high temperature for each model, the dominant coalescence dynamics changes were obtained.

Influence of nano and bulk copper on agile frog development.

Nanotechnology, as one of the fastest-growing industries, offers many benefits in various fields. However, properties that contribute to its positive effects, in other context, can cause adverse effects to various organisms, such as amphibians. Identifying possible negative effects on its survival is crucial since amphibians are the most threatened group of vertebrates. In that context, we investigated the influence of both nano and bulk copper on embryonic development of agile frog, Rana dalmatina. The embryos were exposed to various concentrations (0.01 mg/L, 0.075 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L or 0.3 mg/L) of either nano (CuO, declared size 40-80 nm) or bulk form (CuSO4·5H2O) for 16 days. Upon the experiment, tadpoles were measured and weighted, then homogenized and their protein, lipid, and carbohydrates content determined, as well as the activity of LDH. Our results suggest stronger negative influence of nano copper to size and weight of tadpoles, and bulk copper on lipid content, while both had strong negative effect on carbohydrates content, and LDH activity. In addition, our results suggest agile frog to be more susceptible to negative influence of both, nano and bulk copper, than commonly used Xenopus laevis.

Nano copper in poultry nutrition: Potential effects and future prospects-A review

Nano copper in poultry nutrition: Potential effects and future prospects-A review

Copper based nano Materials-Enhanced phase change materials with great potential for improved thermal energy storage properties

Thermal energy storage using nano materials as PCMs is a promising technology for generating low cost dispatchable electrical energy form solar power system. In this paper, synthesis of Cu based nano PCMs for thermal storage applications have been investigated. The nano copper particles are dispersed into the base fluid (PEG) in different weight percentage (0.5, 1 and 3 wt%) and addition of Cu nano particles effects on the thermo-physical properties have been investigated. The nano copper based phase change materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, TGA, DSC and thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity increases with increasing Cu nano particles contents. Based on the results, nano phase change materials (3 wt%) samples shows the best performance of thermal energy storage properties amongst the other nano PCMs.

APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES FOR THE CONTROL OF Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CAUSING ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE OF CHILI (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Chili (Capsicum annum L.) was one of the most important seasoning constituents of the cuisines of many countries in the world and it was ranked the fourth major crop cultivated globally. However, Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has affected chili production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It is necessary to have greatly effective disease management. Therefore, this study had examined the antifungal effect of some nano solutions on C. gloeosporioides in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results clearly demonstrated that silver nano, copper nano, and silver-copper nano solutions had inhibited the spore germination and the growth of C. gloeosporioides. Inhibitory effects were 100% mycelial diameter at the solutions with concentrations of 125 ppm silver nano or 75 ppm copper nano or 50 ppm mixed silver-copper nano. The medium with the concentration of 75 ppm silver nano or 25 ppm copper nano or 12.5 ppm silver-copper nano solution completely inhibited spore germination of C. gloeosporioides. In vivo experiment, the silver-copper solutions with a concentration of 50 ppm could control the growth of C. gloeosporioides in chili fruits the findings were that there were only 13.3% disease fruits, and the inhibition efficiency was 86.7%.

Experimental investigation on single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with copper oxide nano-additives using tomato seed oil

The purpose of this project was to do research on a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine that ran on biodiesel mixtures with nano additives. The diesel–biodiesel mixes are treated with varying concentrations of nano copper oxide (CuO). The flash point, fire point, and calorific value are all properties of the material. This fuel was discovered to boost the performance and lower emissions of a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. In this work, copper oxide (CuO) is used as a nano additive in the form of copper oxide, with tomato seed oil as the base oil (biodiesel) (CuO). The copper oxide (CuO) nano additives with a diameter of 50 nm were manufactured using a variety of tomato seed oil methyl esters and then blended in varied amounts with pure diesel fuel. Throughout the study, a modified single-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine was evaluated to determine whether it could lower its specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), air–fuel ratio (AFR), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), NOx emissions, and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions, carbon monoxide (CO). When compared to normal diesel fuel, researchers discovered lower fuel consumption, improved performance, and lower emissions of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO), but greater emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Association thermodynamic parameters for nano Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O with ligands at different temperatures.

Association thermodynamic parameters are important because they give information about the nature of ion-ion interaction in solution, the dielectric constant of the medium and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the solvent molecules. The different association thermodynamic parameters for nano copper(ii) nitrate hemi pentahydrate in the presence of 4,6-diacetylresorcinol and 4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol as ligands were calculated. Conductance measurements were used in different concentrations of binary mixed solvents (DMF and water) at different temperatures, 293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K. A comparison between association thermodynamic parameter data such as association constants (K A), degree of dissociation (α), free energies of association (ΔG A), enthalpies of association (ΔH A) and entropies of association (ΔS A) in the case of using the two ligands was done. Different calculated thermodynamic parameters indicate that the association is more favorable with 4,6-diacetylresorcinol as a ligand than 4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol due to the large size of 6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING DIFFERENT PRECURSOR

Nano copper oxide (CuO) was synthesized using different precursors of copper salts such as copper acetate [Cu(CH3COO)2.2H2O] and copper chloride(CuCl2..2H2O) with the same experimental condition. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, TEM, SAED, DLS and DSC. The results indicated that the grains of copper oxide were aggregated to formed particle sizes of about 50-100nm, 14.14-17.54nm and 283-449nm from TEM, XRD and DLS, respectively. The DLS analysis of CuONPs was also carried out in the temperature interval from room temperature to 4000C. In the study, the particle size has different sizes, but all the characterization results showed the formation of copper oxide as CuO, which was in agreement with the previously synthesized and reported CuONPs. The method used in the study can be useful for synthesizing other nanoparticles with the desired nanostructure

Microstructural Evolution and Bonding Mechanisms of Nano Copper Sintering for Power Electronics Packaging Industrial Application

Microstructural Evolution and Bonding Mechanisms of Nano Copper Sintering for Power Electronics Packaging Industrial Application

Powder injection molded nano copper oxide grafted graphene reinforced copper matrix composites

The challenges associated with inhomogeneous distribution, poor interfacial interaction, and agglomeration of graphene sheets in sintered metal composites restrict its effectiveness in improving mechanical and physical properties. This study devised a grafting protocol for attachment of metal oxides on graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to investigate its effect on dispersion and interaction with Cu matrix. GNPs were sonicated to enhance its functionalization without a considerable change in defect ratio followed by grafting of Cu2O nanoparticles on GNPs employing a co-precipitation protocol. XPS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM confirmed the successful growth of homogenously distributed Cu2O nanoparticles on GNPs. Subsequently, the interaction of Cu2O grafted GNPs with copper matrix was explored using powder injection molding (PIM). Microstructural analysis showed restricted agglomeration, improved distribution of GNPs in copper matrix, and most importantly, bridged interaction between bulk copper and graphene in sintered samples. Furthermore, the densification can still be improved by optimizing the sintering process.

A highly stable copper nano cluster on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for the simultaneous electrochemical sensing of dopamine, serotonin, and nicotine: a possible addiction scrutinizing strategy.

A highly stable copper (Cu) nanocluster (NC), which exhibited stability for more than one year, was synthesized using nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) as reducing and capping agents and smaller glutathione molecules as additional capping agents. The synthesized NC, CuNC@N-GQDs, successfully sensed dopamine (DA), serotonin (SER), and nicotine (NIC) simultaneously with well-defined peaks and good peak-to-peak separation, whereas none of the controls including CuNCs and N-GQDs exhibited the simultaneous sensing properties. In addition, they exhibited enhanced sensitivity with current responses ∼4, ∼4, and ∼2 times those of the corresponding control for DA, SER, and NIC. The limits of detection obtained were 0.001, 1.00, and 0.01 nM for DA, SER, and NIC, respectively. The higher sensitivity and the simultaneous sensing are indicative of the synergistic effect of CuNCs and N-GQDs in the CuNC@N-GQDs. The sensing performance was successfully extended to real blood and urine samples spiked with DA, SER, and NIC.