Nano Compound Research Articles

Influence of nano-sized flux materials in the reduction of the Cr (VI) in the stainless steel welding fumes

New stainless steel Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) consumables were developed for low fume emission by modifying the flux materials with the nano compound substitution. The strategy of replacing the existing calcite with its nano compound in the flux brought out a noticeable reduction in welding fumes as well as the hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI)) concentration. Arc stability during welding process was monitored with the help of voltage probability density function, and the weld spatters visualization using the in-situ Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) and infrared camera devices respectively. Almost 85–100 % recovery of metals in the weld metal was attained for the experimental electrodes, which produced the least fume emission. An effective reduction of hexavalent chromium concentration up to 42% was achieved by one of the experimental electrodes.

Highly Stable Triclinic Polymorph in Nanoscale Na2-2xCo1+XP2O7/C for High-Voltage Na-Ion Battery Cathode

In Na-ion batteries (NIBs), the net energy density decreases because of the intrinsically low practical capacity and limited Na ion migration compared to that of Li-ion batteries (LIB). So, it is essential to use a high-voltage cathode to compensate these problems [1]. Pyrophosphates are one of the candidates that can be used as high-voltage cathodes [2]. In pyrophosphate-based materials, it is well-known that the operating voltage can be increased if the transition metals (TMs) such as Mn, Co, or Ni are used instead of Fe under electrochemical TM2+ /TM3+ redox reactions [3,4]. Particularly, Na2CoP2O7 with triclinic polymorph exhibits an average operating voltage of ~4.3 V (vs. Na/Na+), which is one of the NIB cathode materials that electrochemically react with Na ions at high-voltage ranges [5]. Unfortunately, however, it is hard to synthesize a pure triclinic polymorph because of its metastability in synthesizing process. So, preparing a highly stable and pure triclinic-polymorph Na2CoP2O7 is challenging work for high-voltage cathode in NIBs. In this work, we analyze an appropriate elemental ratio of Na/Co in Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7 to prepare a stable triclinic polymorph, and determine suitable synthetic conditions in each bulk and nano compound. The formation of rose or blue phase Na2CoP2O7 with regard to their particle size is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1. Also, the electrochemical performance is measured for the high-voltage NIB cathode. Na1.8Co1.1P2O7 nanoparticles with C (Na1.8Co1.1P2O7-NPs/C) exhibited the discharge capacity of 90 mA h g-1 at the 30th cycle. High operating voltage and good specific capacity could lead to the significant increase in energy density to ~400 Wh kg-1, which is the highest value among polyanionic NIB cathode materials. Fig. 1. Schematic illustration for the formation of rose or blue phase Na2CoP2O7 with regard to their particle size.

Effect of NPK Compound Fertilizer Normal and Nano on Some Growth Traits and Oil Content of Three Species of Apiaceae Plants

An experiment was conducted under the conditions of Al-Diwaniya governorate in a special nursery was specially constructed for the experiment during the autumn season (2016–2017) in order to determine the effect of adding the different levels of NPK fertilizer balanced (20-20-20) normal and nano to the soil of three species of Apiaceae (Cumin, anise and sweet fennel) and their interference in growth and oil content of seeds. The factorial experiment that consist of two factor and with three replicates was designed by Randomized Completely Blocks Design (RCBD); the first factor consisted of three species of Apiaceae plant that abovementioned, while second factor included seven levels of the NPK compound fertilizer balanced (control, normal NPK, nano NPK, normal NPK, nano NPK, Mixture NPK (Normal + Nano), Mixture NPK (Normal + Nano)). The means of the treatments was compared with a significant difference in the use of the least significant difference (LSD) at the probability level (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed the superiority of sweet fennel plant in the following traits (plant height, total leaf area, dry weight of vegetative part) versus the superiority of the cumin plant in seed content of fixed oil, as well as anise plant was superiority in the number of branches per plant. The significant effect of soil-additive fertilizers from normal and nano compound fertilizer in the increase of the majority of the studied traits and recording the highest mean in the NPK mixture at the double recommended or recommended level. The interference between factors gave the same significant effect to the superiority of the individual factors, as well as the improvement traits of more than double in some of them and the difference of response between plants depending on the type of fertilizer.

CdO-NPs; synthesis from 1D new nano Cd coordination polymer, characterization and application as anti-cancer drug for reducing the viability of cancer cells

The hexagonal CdO nano-particles (CdO-NPs) was prepared using new nano Cd coordination polymer, [Cd(NO3)(bipy)(pzca)]n (1) as a precursor, through direct calcination process at 500 °C. The precursor (1) was synthesized by sonochemical method. The new nano compound (1) was characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal gravimetric analyses. The structure of nano coordination polymer was determined by comparing the XRD pattern of nano and single-crystal of compound (1). The nano CdO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). In addition, the activity and efficiency of nano CdO as an anti-cancer drug was studied on cancer cells with different concentration. The results shows that the viability of cancer cells reduced above 2 μg/mL of CdO-NPs concentration.

Addition of Some Primary and Secondary Amines to Graphene Oxide, and Studying Their Effect on Increasing its Electrical Properties

Previously many properties of graphene oxide in the field of medicine, biological environment and in the field of energy have been studied. This diversity in properties is due to the possibility of modification on the composition of this Nano compound, where the Graphene oxide is capable of more modification via addition other functional groups on its surface or at the edges of the sheet. The reason for this modification possibility is that the Sp3 hybridization (tetrahedral structure) of the carbon atoms in graphene oxide, and it contains many oxygenic functional groups that are able to reac with other groups. In this research the effect of addition of some amine compounds on electrical properties of graphene oxide has been studied by the preparation of graphene oxide - amino containing compound, which could be classified under Nano carbon compounds containing nitrogen (N-doped carbon nanomaterials). These amines are used as expanders for the distance between the layers of graphene oxide (spacers), and thus prevent agglomeration of graphene oxide layers in addition to enhanced electric properties of graphene oxide. The following amines (thiocarbohydrazide(TCH),o-phenylenediamine(oPD) and poly aniline(PAni)) were used for the preparation of the corresponding amino graphene oxide (GO-TCH, GO-containing Benzoimidazol & benzoxazole, and GO-PAni), and characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD) ,infra red spectrum (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) , also the electrical properties of these materials were studied using inductance, capacitance, and resistance ( LCR) measurements.

Addition of Some Primary and Secondary Amines to Graphene Oxide, and Studying Their Effect on Increasing its Electrical Properties

Previously many properties of graphene oxide in the field of medicine, biological environment and in the field of energy have been studied. This diversity in properties is due to the possibility of modification on the composition of this Nano compound, where the Graphene oxide is capable of more modification via addition other functional groups on its surface or at the edges of the sheet. The reason for this modification possibility is that the Sp3 hybridization (tetrahedral structure) of the carbon atoms in graphene oxide, and it contains many oxygenic functional groups that are able to reac with other groups. In this research the effect of addition of some amine compounds on electrical properties of graphene oxide has been studied by the preparation of graphene oxide - amino containing compound, which could be classified under Nano carbon compounds containing nitrogen (N-doped carbon nanomaterials). These amines are used as expanders for the distance between the layers of graphene oxide (spacers), and thus prevent agglomeration of graphene oxide layers in addition to enhanced electric properties of graphene oxide. The following amines (thiocarbohydrazide(TCH),o-phenylenediamine(oPD) and poly aniline(PAni)) were used for the preparation of the corresponding amino graphene oxide (GO-TCH, GO-containing Benzoimidazol & benzoxazole, and GO-PAni), and characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD) ,infra red spectrum (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) , also the electrical properties of these materials were studied using inductance, capacitance, and resistance ( LCR) measurements.

Photo-catalytic degradation of methylene blue over nano titanium/nickel oxide prepared from supported Schiff base complex on titanium dioxide

A novel nano compound TiO2/[NiL(PBu3)] (where L = (E)-1-[(2-Amino-5-nitrophenyl)iminio-methyl]naphthalene-2-olate) containing tridentate ONN Schiff bases was synthesized. The compound calcinated to Ni-doped TiO2 at 650 °C. The structure and morphology of the obtained nano particles were identified by IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and EDX techniques. Based on the XRD and EDX results of the new nano materials, the Schiff base complex supported on TiO2 nano oxide. SEM and TEM micrographs of the TiO2/complex and Ni-doped TiO2 show that the resulting new materials have nano structure. The photo-catalytic activities of the samples were investigated by carrying out the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under visible light. It was found that the Ni-doped TiO2 samples enhanced the photo-catalytic efficiency of bare TiO2 in photo-degrading the methylene blue. The reasons of this enhanced photo-catalytic activity were also discussed. Kinetic research showed that the reaction rate constant of calcined Ni-doped TiO2 is 8.10 × 10−2 min−1 which is approximately 2.45 times higher than the apparent reaction rate constant of uncalcined Ni-doped TiO2 (3.30 × 10−2 min−1). Based on the present study, it could be considered as a promising photo-catalyst for the further industrial application.

Sonochemical Synthesis of Bismuth(III) Nano Coordination Compound and Direct Synthesis of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles from a Bismuth(III) Nano Coordination Compound Precursor

A new coordination Compound [Bi(L)(NO3)2(ONO2)(CH3OH)] (1) [L: C5H4NCH=NNHCONC5H4] has been synthesized by the reaction of Bismuth(III) bromide with the ligand pyridine-2-carbaldehyde isoniazid and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the compound 1 is mononuclear complex, contains Bismuth(III) in a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry environment of NNO donors of Schiff base ligand, five oxygen atoms of Nitrate molecules and one oxygen atom of methanol molecule. We also synthesized a nano form of the compound 1 by the sonochemical method and characterized it by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and IR spectroscopy. The δ-Bi2O3 nano-particle was obtained by calcinations of the nano compound 1 at 500 oC under air atmosphere and was characterized by SEM and XRD.

Synthesis and properties of Prussian blue nanoparticles prepared by using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride as protecting agent

A new approach for the synthesis of Prussian blue nanoparticles using the cationic surfactant Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) as capping agent has been developed in the present work. Powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis absorption spectra, and IR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the product. The TEM image showed that the Prussian blue nanoparticles with diameters of 8-22 nm were obtained. A particle size effect on optical and conductivity properties of the Prussian blue particles was observed. The higher value of activation energy for the nano compound compared to bulk Prussian blue indicates that the ionic conductions are predominant in the nano compound.

Synthesis and characterization of a new nano lead(II) three-dimensional coordination polymer with 8-hydroxyquinolin ligand by sonochemical method: A precursor for preparation of PbO nano-structure

Nano-structure of a new 3D Pb(II) coordination polymer, [Pb3(8-HQuin)2(μ-Br)4]n (1), 8-HQuin=8-hydroxyquinolin ligand was synthesized by a sonochemical method. The new nano-structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The structure of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and shown to consist of 3D polymeric units. The lead atoms have two different coordination numbers 4 and 6 in compound 1. The Lead centers are four-coordinated by two oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom of 8-hydroxyquinolin ligands, and one bridged Br− atom. The six-coordinated lead centers are coordinated by nitrogen and oxygen atoms of 8-hydroxyquinolin ligands and 4 or 5 bridged Br− anions. The thermal stability of the bulk materials of compound 1 was studied by thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). Calcination of the nano compound 1 at 500°C under air atmosphere yielded nano-sized particles of PbO characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD).

Structural, optical and antimicrobial studies of 3β-acetoxycholest-5-ene, 3β-acetoxy-6-nitrocholest-5-ene and newly synthesized steroidal pyrazolones

A convenient synthesis of a new series of nano steroidal pyrazolones is reported. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis light, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy and analytical data. The X-ray diffraction patterns at room temperature showed that two nano steroids, 7 and 8, are formed in single phase with hexagonal crystal symmetry, while nano steroid 9 is formed with orthorhombic crystal symmetry. Compounds 1–3 are formed with hexagonal, monoclinic and tetragonal crystal symmetry, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the crystals of nano steroids 7–9 are brick-shaped agglomerates with less sharp edges and a rough surface with a few microcrystals, while the homogeneous crystal of nano steroid 3 has an approximate spherical morphology of nano particles conjoined to the chains. UV–vis absorption analysis showed that the band gap energy of nano steroids 7 and 8 was 3.70eV and 4.61eV, while that of 2 and 3 was 4.38eV and 4.27eV, respectively. Nano steroids 2, 3 and 7–9 were screened for antimicrobial activity against various strains; nano compound 7 showed potential antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles deposited on silica by γ-irradiation and preparation of PE/Ag nano compound masterbatches

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) deposited on silica were synthesized by gamma Co-60 irradiation of Ag+ dispersion in silica/ethanol/water mixture (9/80/20:w/v/v). The reduction of Ag+ is occurred by hydrated electron (e−aq) and hydrogen atom (H•) generated during radiolysis of ethanol/water. The conversion doses (Ag+ → Ag0) were determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The synthesized AgNPs/silica were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed the size of AgNPs to be in the range of 5–40 nm for Ag+ concentrations from 5 to 20 mM. Masterbatches of PE/AgNPs/silica compound with silver content from 250 to 1000 mg kg−1 were also prepared. These masterbatches can be suitably used for various applications such as antimicrobial food containers and packing films, etc.

Functionalization of MWNT-COOH by one-step reaction with (3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene) urea and in vitro antitumor study on gastric cancer.

In this study, we was tried to prepare a nano compound with a new way in functionalization as anti gastric cancer candidate. Functionalization of nanotubes is a useful route for modification of their biologic properties. (3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene) urea is a chemical compound that made of isatin and urea that can be useful in cancer study. MWNT-COOH was functionalized by this compound with one-step reaction that is a new class in modification. Product has been investigated by FT-IR, Raman and SEM. Anti cancer investigation with human gastric cells and MTT assay test for measurement of viable cell numbers were also performed. The two bands at around 2800-2900 cm(-1) which are seen in functionalized product are attributed to the CH stretching of MWNT-COOH defects. Cellular results demonstrated that the functionalized nano-tube is a more toxic agent compared to other samples for cancer cells and can be used as a candidate material for chemotherapy.

Synthesis, characterization, theoretical calculations and biological studies of nano Sodium tetrafluoroborate (III)

Synthesis, characterization, spectral and theoretical calculations of sodium tetrafluoroborate (III) (STFB) has been studied in this research. Sodium tetrafluoroborate (III) was synthesized by a sonochemical method and characterized by IR, UV/VIS, 11 B-NMR and Mass spectrometer techniques. The nano compound was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and IR spectroscopy. The structure of synthesized compound was optimized at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory and theoretical parameters such as structural data, molecular specifications, and infrared spectra were extracted by using Gaussian 03 program. Theoretical data show good agreement with the experimental results. Biological properties of this compound such as antitumor and antibacterial properties studied. This new complex showed excellent antitumor activity against one kind of cancer cells that is K742 (human chronic myeloid leukemia) cells. Also the compound was tested against the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Estreptococo B and Shigella.

The Experimental Study of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nano Compound Coating Applied in Air Conditioner

Experimental study was carried out with TiO2 Nano-sized compounds coated on aluminum foil to study the cleaning properties and heat transfer effect. The experiments were also carried out for air conditioners which fins of evaporator and condenser were coated with TiO2 nano compound coating. Results show that the foils with TiO2 nano compound coating presents better self-cleaning property and improved heat transfer effect. Air conditioner’s properties with TiO2 nano compound coating evaporator and condenser is higher than that without coating. The maximum heat capacity was found to be increased 8%. The nano-sized liquid showed better synthetic function such as excellent hydrophilic, better cohesion, water flushing resistance.

Effect of Nano - Titanium Dioxide with Different Antibiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

The different investigation has been carried out on the biological activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticle but the effect of this nano product on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics has not been yet demonstrated. In this study the nano size TiO2 is synthesized using citric acid and alpha dextrose and the enhancement effect of TiO2 nanoparticle on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). During the present study, different concentrations of nano-scale TiO2 were tested to find out the best concentration that can have the most effective antibacterial property against the MRSA culture. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics in the absence and presence of sub inhibitory concentration of TiO2 nano particle. A clinical isolate of MRSA, isolated from Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was used as test strain. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentration of TiO2 nanoparticle (20 µg/disc) the antibacterial activities of all antibiotics have been increased against test strain with minimum 2 mm to maximum 10mm. The highest increase in inhibitory zone for MRSA was observed against pencillin G and amikacin (each 10 mm). Conversely, in case of nalidixic acid, TiO2 nanoparticle showed a Synergic effect on the antibacterial activity of this antibiotic against test strain. These results signify that the TiO2 nanoparticle potentate the antimicrobial action of beta lactums, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, macrolids and lincosamides, tetracycline a possible utilization of nano compound in combination effect against MRSA.

Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of NaHCO3-Ag Nano Compound Material Solution

Convection heat transfer enhancement is an important issue since this problem is of particular interest in the field of energy and environment. Ag nano-solution is expected not only to enhance heat transfer but also to work for deodorization and antifungal effect. An experimental investigation on the convective heat transfer characteristics for NaHCO3-Ag nano-compound material solution in a long and straight heated pipe has been carried out. NaHCO3 compound materials with 400 ppm or 1000 ppm Ag nano-particle solved in pure water are considered to study the effect of Ag nano-particle on the heat transfer enhancement. The concentration of NaHCO3-Ag compound material in the water is varied 0.1 % to 1.0 %. The results indicate that the convective heat transfer coefficient is increased with an increase in the concentration of NaHCO3-Ag compound solution. At a given concentration, heat transfer coefficient is increased as the content of the Ag nano-particle is increased. Heat transfer enhancement ratio correlation using NaHCO3-Ag compound solution is also suggested.