Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Gd-doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as a New MRI Contrast Agent: Analysis of Properties and Biocompatibility

Gd-doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as a New MRI Contrast Agent: Analysis of Properties and Biocompatibility

Terminalia catappa leaf extract mediated eco-friendly synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles

Recently, the synthesis of nanomaterials using a green approach has been extensively carried out to lessen the environmental issues caused by chemical methods. This paper presents an eco-friendly synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) employing Terminalia catappa leaf extract. Using a FESEM with energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX), the morphology and elemental composition of the biosynthesized nanoparticles were assessed. UV–visible spectra of the green synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 320 nm. The nanoparticles were also characterized through XRD and FT-IR spectroscopy. By using dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations, the hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of the biosynthesized nanoparticles were ascertained. Additionally, bacterial strains were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The biosynthesized nanoparticles can be utilized in drug delivery, wound healing, and catalytic applications. Furthermore, the green synthesis method will reduce the environmental concern over the chemically synthesized nanoparticles.

Mesoporous Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with High Scavenging Properties of Reactive Oxygen Species for Treating Age‐Related Macular Degeneration

Mesoporous Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with High Scavenging Properties of Reactive Oxygen Species for Treating Age‐Related Macular Degeneration

A comparison of image quality of cerium oxide nanoparticles and iodine contrast agents in computed tomography scan

Computed tomography (CT) scan, with iodine-based contrast, produces good image quality by improving the visualisation of relatively low-contrast internal body structures. However, the impact of using iodinated difference should be considered in patients susceptible to contrast allergy and renal impairment. Therefore, alternative contrast materials, such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), must be used, with biocompatible properties and strong X-ray attenuation capabilities. This study compared the CT scan image quality of CeO2 NPs and iodinated contrast agents. This experimental study started by preparing a suspension of CeO2 NPs and iodine in aquabidest at a concentration of 500 ppm. The suspension was scanned using a CT scan with a helical scanning method. The exposure coefficient parameters were set for the tube voltage of 80 kV, Field of View of 28 cm, slice thickness of 5 mm, and tube current time of 150 mAs, 200 mAs, and 250 mAs. Then, CT images in DICOM data format were processed using MicroDICOM Viewer software. The quality of the CT scan images was analysed based on the CT number value, noise level, and contrast resolution. The images of CeO2 nanoparticles have higher CT values, lower noise levels, and better contrast resolution than those of iodine contrast agents. The results show that the CT image results of CeO2 NPs have better quality than those of iodine-containing contrast agents.

Anti-osteoarthritis effects of injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with platelet lysate and cerium oxide nanoparticle by regulating TNF-α: An in vitro model

The most prevalent type of joint illness is osteoarthritis, also known as OA. The inflammation of the joint is strongly linked to both the beginning and the progression of osteoarthritis. The use of hydrogels as an OA treatment has the potential to go beyond the administration of anti-inflammatory components to have an inherent immunomodulatory role. Platelet lysate (PL) contains a cocktail of growth factors that actively participates in cartilage repair. Moreover, cerium oxide-nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) have been broadly studied owing to their powerful antioxidant properties and potential preventive and therapeutic effects against chronic diseases. The current study was designed to determine the effect and mechanism of injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel loaded with PL and CeO2-NPs on OA. The results showed that the obtained PL and synthesized CeO2-NPs were effectively incorporated into HA hydrogel and the resultant hydrogel was injectable and have a porous micro structure with interconnected pores. The biological evaluation by qPCR revealed that the fabricated hydrogel exhibited a significantly increased expression of Col2 and Aggrecan (TNF-α-suppressed anabolic molecules) and decreased expression of Col10, Mmp13, Adamts5, and Adamts9 (TNF-α-activated catabolic molecules). Also, ELISA results confirmed this potent antioxidant activity of hydrogel and also increased the growth of chondrocytes over the culturing period.

Improved cure characteristics and mechanical properties of an epoxidized natural rubber filled with cerium oxide nanoparticles: Influence of epoxide levels and filler loading

AbstractIn this study, cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria, CeNP) were used as a nanofiller in epoxidized natural rubber with varying epoxide levels, including 25% epoxidation (ENR‐25) and 50% epoxidation (ENR‐50). Co‐precipitation methods were employed to synthesize a pure phase of CeNP with an average particle size of 11.4 ± 2.0 nm. CeNP was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of CeNP loading with 0–3 parts per hundreds of rubber (phr) on the properties of rubber nanocomposites was explored. ENR‐25 nanocomposites with 1 phr of CeNP exhibited higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to ENR‐50 nanocomposites. These findings correspond to a lower Payne effect, improved scorch safety, and better processability. The strongest and most effective CeO2–ENR interactions via silane linkages are expected to outperform sulfur crosslinking in ENR‐25 having 1 phr of CeNP. Microstructural evaluation of an ENR‐25 sample containing 1 phr of CeNP indicated well‐distributed nanofillers in the ENR‐25 matrix, indicating that CeNP and ENR‐25 appeared to be well‐matched. Hardness of all ENR nanocomposites increased with CeNP loading. The cracking resistance, creep properties, and thermal stability of rubber nanocomposites were unaffected by addition of CeNP in the ENR‐25 and ENR‐50 samples.

CeO2 Nanoparticles to Promote Wound Healing: A Systematic Review.

Cerium (Ce) is a hot topic in the field of materials research due to its electronic layer structure and the unique antioxidant abilities of its oxide (CeO2 ). Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) demonstrate their potential as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent. Current research focuses on whether they can be used to promote wound healing and in what manner. This article provides a systematic review of the various forms of CeO2 NPs that are used in wound-healing materials over the past decade, as well as the effectiveness demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments, with a focus on the relationship between concentration and effectiveness. CeO2 NPs are expected to become effective ingredients in dressings that require antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound healing promoting properties. This article serves as a reference for further research and clinical applications of nano-sized CeO2 in wound healing.

Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease model rats.

Cerium oxide, particularly in nanoparticle form (nanoceria), has been investigated for biomedical applications as a promising new agent for treating several pathologies. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacologic effects of nanoceria in an animal model of chronic kidney disease. We created the chronic kidney disease animal model by feeding rats a 0.25% adenine diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal diet, 0.25% adenine diet, or adenine diet containing three different doses or durations of nanoceria treatment. Blood was collected weekly from the tail veins of each rat and analyzed for renal function markers. After 5 weeks, various biochemical markers in serum, plasma, and urine were also analyzed. In the adenine-treated group, body weight was significantly decreased, and the kidneys lost much of their healthy reddish color and became lumpy and white in appearance. In addition, levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and plasma uremic toxins were significantly increased in adenine-treated rats compared with controls. Renal functional and structural damage in adenine diet model rats tended to be ameliorated by nanoceria ingestion. The high-dose cerium-treated group maintained reddish areas in the kidneys, and the increases in biomarker levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and inorganic phosphorus were markedly reduced, regardless of treatment duration. Ingestion of nanoceria may be effective for improving or preventing renal damage caused by adenine. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 88-95.

Switchable phase transitions from non-magnetic to magnetic cerium oxide nanoparticles using acoustic shock waves

In the present framework, we report a reversible magnetic phase transition that occurs from a mixed diamagnetic (nonmagnetic) state to a weak ferromagnetic (magnetic) state exhibited by cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) under shocked conditions wherein the magnetic phase transitions are observed to be switchable phase transitions of mixed diamagnetic - weak ferromagnetic - mixed diamagnetic - weak ferromagnetic for the respective shock pulses of 0, 50, 100 and 150, which is probably reported for the first time, and the observed values of the saturation magnetization are 0.9117, 0.1022, 0.8783 and 3.7780 emu/g, respectively. The possible reasons behind the observed reversible magnetic phase transition are proposed by the outcomes attained from the spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Based on the obtained analytical results, it is confirmed that the observed room temperature weak ferromagnetism is because of the enhancement of Ce3+ ions (reduction of Ce4+ ions) and oxygen vacancies such that the title material is suggested for the applications of magnetic sensors.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of alginate hydrogel-based wound dressing loaded with green chemistry cerium oxide nanoparticles.

Interactive wound dressings have displayed promising outcomes in enhancing the wound healing process. This study focuses on creating a nanocomposite wound dressing with interactive and bioactive properties, showcasing potent antioxidant effects. To achieve this, we developed cerium oxide nanoparticles utilizing curcumin as both the reducing and capping agent. Characterization techniques such as SEM, EDX, DLS, Zetasizer, FTIR, and XRD were utilized to analyze the cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized through a green approach. The image analysis on the obtained TEM images showed that the curcumin-assisted biosynthesized CeO2NPs have a size of 18.8 ± 4.1nm. The peaks located at 28.1, 32.7, 47.1, 56.0, 58.7, 69.0, and 76.4 correspond to (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), and (331) crystallographic planes. We applied the Debye-Scherrer equation and observed that the approximate crystallite size of the biosynthesized NPs is around 8.2nm based on the most intensive broad Bragg peak at 28.1°. The cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized were integrated into an alginate hydrogel matrix, and the microstructure, porosity, and swelling behavior of the resulting wound dressing were assessed. The characterization analyses provided insights into the physical and chemical properties of the green-synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles and the alginate hydrogel-based wound dressing. In vitro studies demonstrated that the wound dressing based on alginate hydrogel exhibited favorable antioxidant properties and displayed hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Animal studies conducted on a rat full-thickness skin wound model showed that the alginate hydrogel-based wound dressing effectively accelerated the wound healing process. Overall, these findings suggest that the alginate hydrogel-based wound dressing holds promise as a highly effective material for wound healing applications.

Triethyl phosphine decorated cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit selective killing of the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03813-7.

Mesoporous Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with High Scavenging Properties of Reactive Oxygen Species for Treating Age‐Related Macular Degeneration

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among older individuals, is characterized by damage to photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the retina play notable roles in AMD pathogenesis, rendering them attractive therapeutic targets. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) have shown promise in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mimicking antioxidant enzymes, whereas mesoporous materials have emerged as versatile drug carriers. Herein, mesoporous CeNPs (mCeNPs) that integrate the advantages of CeNPs and mesoporous materials are presented. The mCeNPs can be synthesized using 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole and imidazole in acetone without heating and pressurization. The resulting mCeNPs exhibit mesoporous structures comprising assembled small CeNPs, exerting excellent ROS‐scavenging capabilities, biocompatibility, and cytoprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects against H2O2‐induced damage in RPEs. Using a sodium iodate‐induced AMD mouse model, it is demonstrated that intravitreal mCeNP administration can exhibit disease‐preventive effects. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of mCeNPs against AMD.

The ameliorative effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model: Biochemical, molecular and immunohistochemical study

BackgroundChlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used insecticide that causes toxicity to living organisms through the production of free radicals. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) are a new antioxidant agent that has proved therapeutic effects. We evaluated the effect of CeO2NPs on CPF hepatotoxicity. MethodsForty rats were randomized into four groups. Group I: rats received 1 ml corn oil by gastric tube once daily and 0.5 ml PBS by intra-peritoneal injection twice a week for 4 weeks. Group II: received CeO2NPs 0.5 mg/kg in PBS by i.p. injection, twice weekly for four weeks. Group III: were treated with oral administration of CPF 13.5 mg/kg in corn oil daily for 4 weeks. Group IV: received CPF as in group III, then each animal received CeO2NPs twice weekly for four weeks as in group II. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, rats were anesthetized and sera were collected for liver enzymes assessment. Afterwards, rats were sacrificed, livers were excised, the right lobe of each liver was fixed for immunohistochemical studies, and the left lobe was homogenized for oxidative profile assessment and molecular analysis. ResultsCPF group showed significant increase in liver transaminases, disturbance of the oxidative profile with up-regulation of BAX expression and down-regulation in the Bcl-2, Gadd45 and NFE2L2. CPF caused severe histopathological liver damage as well as significant increase in anti-Caspase 3 and TNF immunostaining. The CeO2NPs treated group revealed significant improvement of all previous parameters. ConclusionCeO2NPs could alleviate CPF hepatoxicity through decreasing expression of the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

The cardioprotective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles against the poisoning generated by aluminum phosphide pesticide: Controlling oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage

BackgroundAluminum phosphide (AlP) is a well-known toxic compound used as an agricultural pesticide to prevent insect damage to stored crops. However, even if just a small amount was consumed, it caused lasting harm to the human body and, in acute concentrations, death. The current study employed cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) to reduce oxidative stress and various harmful outcomes of AlP poisoning. MethodsFollowing finding effective concentrations of CeO2 NPs via MTT assay, Human Cardiac Myocyte (HCM) cells were pre-treated with CeO2 NPs for 24 h. After that, they were exposed to 2.36 μM AlP. The activity of oxidative stress and mitochondrial biomarkers, including mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release, were evaluated in HCM cells. Finally, the population of apoptotic and necrotic cells was assessed via flow cytometry. ResultsAfter 24 h, data revealed that all tested concentrations of CeO2 NPs were safe, and 25 and 50 μM of that were selected as effective concentrations. Oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) showed that CeO2 NPs could successfully decrease AlP poisoning due to their antioxidant characteristics. Mitochondrial markers were also recovered by pre-treatment of HCM cells with CeO2 NPs. Furthermore, pre-treating with CeO2 NPs could compensate for the reduction of live cells with AlP and cause a diminishing in the population of early and late apoptotic cells. ConclusionAs a result, it is evident that CeO2 NPs, through the recovery of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damages caused by AlP, reduce apoptosis and have therapeutic potentials on HCM cells.

Sol-gel synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of selenium-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

Over the past few years, ovarian cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Despite the widespread knowledge of its prevalence, the curative measures and survival rates for ovarian cancer have not improved significantly, making it a challenging condition. Nanotechnology has become increasingly prominent in the field of cancer treatment. Previous studies showed both cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) and selenium (Se) had anti-cancer. Therefore, doping selenium into CONPs may exhibit a more significant anti-cancer effect on ovarian cancer cells. Cerium nitrate hexahydrate, sodium selenite, and gelatin were employed for the production of CONPs and Se-doped CONPs. The EDX, XRD, and TEM/PSA imaging were employed to investigate the structural characteristics and morphology of the synthesized Se-doped CONPs. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and TNF, IL-6, and IL-1B gene expression were evaluated after inoculating A2780 human epithelial ovarian carcinoma (HEOC) with Se-doped CONP. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's t-test for multiple group comparisons. Se-doped CONPs had IC50 of 113 and 49 PPM after 24 and 48 h, respectively. In addition, Se-doped CONPs with concentrations of 50 and 100 PPM significantly reduced to ROS levels in the HEOC cell line. Also, 50 and 100 PPM Se-doped CONPs lead to significantly reduced TNF, IL-6, and IL-1B gene expression compared to the control group in the HEOC cell line. Our study showed the potential anti-cancer effects of Se-doped CONPs on ovarian cancer cell lines.

Electrochemical microfluidic chip composed of a cerium oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the determination of flunitrazepam

Due to its long-lasting tranquilizing effect on the human body, the abusive use of flunitrazepam (FNZ) in sexual assault and robbery is commonly encountered. In this study, the assembly of a hybrid nanocomposite comprising cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets onto the surface of a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is presented for the sensitive determination of flunitrazepam in various beverages. The properties of the CeO2-rGO nanocomposite were evaluated using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, while its electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A distinct composite structure with improved current response and electron transfer properties was achieved through the judicious application of rGO nanosheets to facilitate the in situ formation and anchoring of CeO2 nanoparticles. Under optimal conditions, the CeO2-rGO modified SPCE demonstrated flunitrazepam detection to 124 nM with a sensitivity of 40 µA µM−1 cm−2 and exhibited a broad linear response in the concentration range from 0.1 to 300 µM. The quantification of flunitrazepam in spiked beverage samples using CeO2-rGO/SPCE demonstrated satisfactory recovery from 96 to108%. The functionalized sensor was further integrated into a microfluidic chip to prepare a portable flunitrazepam electrochemical platform, in which multiple samples can be processed and reliable analysis can be conducted at low sample volumes. The designed electrochemical microfluidic platform demonstrated desirable performance for flunitrazepam determination, offering a promising solution for on-site determination of illicit drugs in the field of forensic investigations.

BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF CERIUM OXIDE AND ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON FISH PATHOGENS

Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has gained much attentions due to its eco-friendliness, non-toxic, ease of preparation and biocompatibility. Phytochemicals has been adjudged to be useful as bio-reductants, stabilizers, and capping agents in the formation of nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to compare the antibacterial activities of biosynthesized Cerium oxide (CeO2NPs) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) against fish pathogens (Vibrio cholera strain RC3 and Escherichia coli strain C214). Qualitative analysis of Carica papaya leaf extract was performed to examine the biomolecules present, then biosynthesis was carried out. CeO2NP and ZnONP formed were characterized through UV-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy to confirm the formation of the nanoparticles. The result revealed monodispersed, spherical shaped CeO2NPs with average size of 46.34nm, while ZnONP revealed cylindrical shaped nanoparticles with average size of 43.77nm. Antibacterial sensitivity test showed that CeO2NP has a higher antibacterial potential than ZnONPs on Vibrio cholera (13.00±1.41b and 10.00±1.41c) and E. coli (8.00±1.41b and 0.00±0.00a). In view of this outcome, it is therefore suggested that CeO2NP could be used effectively against Vibrio cholera strain RC3 and E. coli strain C214 than ZnONP with highly significant impact.

Ajwain honey loaded CeO2 nanocomposite for antioxidant, chemical sensors and photocatalysis studies

The present study used a simple reflux method to efficiently produce eco-friendly ajwain honey (AH) loaded cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and UV–Visible methods were used to examine the materials. Using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, the developed AH/CeO2 demonstrates 81% free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 102.5 mg/mL. The electrochemical activity was measured in a 3 M KOH electrolyte solution using a carbon pasted electrode. Electrochemical characteristics such as reversibility (ER), proton diffusion coefficient (D), and specific capacitance (Csp) have been significantly enhanced. The AH doped CeO2 electrode modification materials have a vital role in boosting sensor detection sensitivity in the electrochemical determination of cow urine, Pb+2 and Hg+2 ions. The photocatalysis of AH doped CeO2 was investigated utilizing water pollutants methyl violet (MV) and Congo red (CR). The MV pollutant is completely degraded (100%) after 60 min, and the CR is around 82%, suggesting excellent performance with AH doped CeO2.

Ultrasensitive HCHO sensor based on Cr-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles with full recoverability and decisive anti-humidity ability

Notably, the Cr-doped sensor sense the 100-ppb formaldehyde which is below the 740-ppb permissible exposure limit (fixed by WHO). A highly crystalline puny-size nanoparticles are obtained by single air-annealing process (400 °C). The size-controlled undoped and Cr-doped cerium nanoparticles produce the oxygen vacancies, helping to expend more active sites to gas molecules. Higher-surface area of doped cerium supports formaldehyde sensing proficiently. The Cr-doped cerium sensor operates at noticeable temperature of 50 and 80 °C for formaldehyde gas where, the sensor responses to ∼2 s and recovered around 3 s (5 ppm), suggesting appreciable signs to formaldehyde detection. The sensor shows the LOD of 0.1 ppm (100 ppb) and unveil the good stability to anti-humidity test. The growing oxygen-vacancies demonstrate the sensor signal increase and also dopant enriches the oxygen-vacancies. The stability of the sensor surface has been identified by ladder-growth of current signal to different concentrations of gas. Current signal to formaldehyde increase implies the enhancement of conductivity. Highly-selective response to formaldehyde attributes to the particle size, oxygen vacancies and bandgap of Cr-doped cerium sensor material. At last, the reproducibility inspection unveils 99.06 % results. Such a high reproducibility confirms the long-term chemical stability and mechanical robustness of sensor, opening a route to developing industrially viable sensor technology.

Investigating the Cytotoxic Effect of Urolithin B and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aloe Vera Plant on Brain Cancer Cell Colony (U87MG)

Background: Brain cancer is one of the types of cancer that appears with the growth of cancer cells in the brain. In this experimental study, we investigated and compared the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the green method from Aloe vera with urolithin B on U87MG cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cerium oxide nanoparticles were produced by the green synthesis method from the Aloe vera plant and confirmed by nanoparticle size characterization tests and an FESEM microscope. The U87MG cells were obtained from Pasteur Institute of Tehran, Iran, and after passage, they were treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles and urolithin B drug for 72 h and cell colonies for 15 days. Results: The IC50 of cancer cells in the MTT test for urolithin B and cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method from Aloe vera plant with urolithin B were 170 μM and 135 μM, respectively. In addition, the survival percentage results from the clonogenic test at a concentration of 30 μM for cerium oxide nanoparticles (78%), urolithin B(61%), and cerium oxide nanoparticles with urolithin B(30%), and for a concentration of 60 μM, it was 60, 42, and 16%, respectively. Conclusion: Urolithin B has a higher cytotoxic effect (170μM) than cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the green method from the Aloe vera plant, and when combined with cerium oxide nanoparticles, this cytotoxic effect increased more (135μM). It also reduced the survival percentage of colonies within 15 days of treatment.