Toxic small molecules such as pesticides, food additives, plasticizers and dyes have been posing increasing threat to human health. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful sensing strategy for these small molecules with advantages including fast response, high sensitivity and fingerprint identification.Based on the surface plasmon effect, gold and silver nanostructures are the typical plasmonic sensing materials for rapid detection with SERS. However, the crucial challenges for realizing on-site real detection application is to fabricate reproducible and highly sensitive SERS substrates and portable instrument. We fabricated several long-range ordered sensitive nanostructure arrays based on anodic aluminum oxide templates which could provide reproducible structural patterns. Then, we developed a portable instrument integrated with database of the standard Raman spectra of common contaminants and a software for automatic identification and comparison of the test spectrum with the standard database, which can identify the specific analytes. Combined with the sensitive and reproducible SERS substrates, we realized the on-site and rapid detection of various toxic contaminants.Recently, as an inexpensive candidate, nonmetal plasmonic materials like oxide semiconductors have attracted increasing interests, which induced by the increase of free charge carriers via introducing oxygen vacancies. We synthesized oxygen-deficient WO3-x and NayWO3-x nanosheets and realized the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band in visible range (~530 nm) as same as the gold nanoparticles, which is the bluest. Then, SERS detection of dyes has also been realized on nonmetal substrate. Moreover, the plasmonic oxygen-deficient oxides showed wide LSPR tuning window from visible to infrared range and plasmon-driven photocatalysis, which may open potentials for biological applications.