Naked Varieties Research Articles

Агробиологические особенности нового сорта голозерного овса Багет

Oat grain is used both for forage and food aims. Therefore, it is so important to grow naked oat that is more processable due to the lack of husk. Ten varieties of naked oat are included into the State Register of the breeding achievements of Russian Federation, but only three of them are suitable for growing in the European part of the country. That is why the aim of the study is creation of productive variety of naked oat having high grain qualities which would be suitable for growing in different agro-climatic zones of European Russia. Studies were conducted according to the methods of state varietal testing in three ecological sites: Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of North-East (Kirov, 2000 - 2017), Falenki breeding station - Branch of FARC North-East (v. Falenki, Kirov region, 2012 - 2017), and Samara Agricultural Research Institute ( Bezenchuk, Samara region, 2015 - 2017). Naked oat variety Baget was created by method of individual selection from cross population ОА 503/1 (Canada) * Tumensky golozerny (Russia) with following control of trait in further generations. The variety is intended for production of food grain (children, diet, functional, and gluten-free nutrition) as well as for grain forage. In 2017 there were the most favorable growing conditions for the vegetation of Baget variety and comparison varieties Vyatsky and Bekas within 2015 - 2017 studies. Index of environment conditions (lj) in 2017 varied from 0.734 in Samara and 0.7507 in Falenki breeding station up to 1.8274 in FARC North-East. Average productivity of the new variety for years of study in ecological sites was 4.07 t/ha that is 0.45 t/ha higher than for standard Vyatsky and 0.36 t/ha higher than for oat variety Bekas. Analogous data were received in studies of 2012-2017 for ecological sites of Kirov region. Exceed of standard on productivity (3.86 t/ha) was 0.48 t/ha, that of variety Bekas - 0.33 t/ha.

Источники овса голозерного для селекции на качество зерна

Ninety-eight varieties of naked oat were studied in Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East (Kirov. Kirov region) in 2012 - 2017. Growth conditions differed in years. the sum of active temperatures from May till August varied from 1135° in 2017 to 1632° in 2016. Studies were conducted according to Methodical directions on study of barley and oat world collection (2012). Estimation of grain quality (content of protein and fat) was done with the use of INFRAMATIC 8620 system. The released naked variety Vyatsky was the standard. Productivity of naked oat samples in 2017 varied from 111 to 511 g/m 2 and had an average value of 300 g/m 2 . The variety 282h09 (Russia) had maximal productivity (149%), an average level for the whole period of studies being 283 g/m 2 (80.6 % to standard). High stability of production (average 311 g/m 2 or 95% to standard) and grain quality (protein content 15.57%) raised the possibility of using the variety PZS-LYM-03 (China) for creation of productive oat genotypes with high grain quality. There were selected 38 sources of naked oat including those having minimal amount of husked grains in yield (0.1.. .0.9 %) - 358h10 (Russia), BAYS -159 (Belarus), BAI 6057, BAI 6105, 15149 local (China), 15091 MF 9224-336, 15158 MF 9224-359 (USA); having high grain protein (15.91.16.12 %) - 15089 MF 9224-106, MF 9224-247, MF 9521-281 (USA) and fat (4.35 %) - 15094 MF 9521-247 (USA). Varieties with higher protein content had lower fat content and vice versa. Larger amount of husked grains in yield was noted in years with higher temperatures during the period from ear emergence to wax maturity and at abundant precipitations during the period from sowing till shooting.

Productivity of agrocenoses of oat in conditions pollution of heavy metals of gray forest soil

Object. To set possibility of the use of sowing of oats the shelled and naked for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with zinc, lead and cadmium in condition of right-bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field trials, laboratory testing, mathematical-statistical methods. Results. Conducted experiments affirm that the cultivation of different varieties of oats artificially contaminated with heavy metals ecotopes gray forest soils has led to changes in their quantitative, qualitative, toxicological characteristics of harvest, and also determination of the possibility of using grain. Conclusions. It is established that in condition of right-bank Forest-Steppe on territory with content in the grey forest soil of lead up to 1,000 mg, zinc up to 500 and cadmium up to 20 mg per kg sowings of oats shelled (variety Neptune) and oats naked (variety Solomon) show high tolerance to pollution, so it is possible to conduct a phytoremediation with their use, however the change for the worse of toxicological grain characteristics of these crops makes impossible its use in food and feed purposes.

Potential and opportunities for grow the spring naked oats variety "MINA" (avena nuda, l.) In the conditions of organic farming in Sakar agro region

Potential and opportunities for grow the spring naked oats variety "MINA" (avena nuda, l.) In the conditions of organic farming in Sakar agro region

Egg Quality Characteristics, Phenotypic Correlations and Prediction of Egg Weight in Three (Naked Neck, Frizzled Feather and Normal Feathered) Nigerian Local Chickens

2 Abstract: A study was conducted to determine egg quality characteristics, phenotypic correlations and prediction of egg weight from egg quality parameters in three varieties (naked neck, frizzled feather and normal feathered) of local chickens in Akwa Ibom State, Southeastern Nigeria. A total of 600 eggs (200 each of naked neck, frizzled feather and normal feathered varieties) were collected. External and internal defects were computed and expressed as percentage of total egg production and summed up to obtain the total defects score for each variety. Egg quality parameters were compared between varieties using Multivariate General Linear Model of SPSS version 17.0 for ANOVA. Means were tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Phenotypic correlations of egg quality parameters and prediction of egg weight using yolk weight, yolk width and albumen weight was done. Lowest total defects score (11.00%) was recorded for frizzled feather, 11.63% for naked neck and the highest (12.65%) for normal feathered. Egg weight differed significantly (p 0.05). Mean highest value of 82.49% for haugh unit by naked neck was significantly different (p<0.05) from 77.57% by normal feathered and 77.01% by frizzled feather. Naked neck had best egg quality characteristics, followed by normal feathered and lastly the frizzled feather. In the normal feathered variety, strong, positive and significant (p<0.01) correlations were observed between egg weight and yolk weight (0.773) and albumen weight (0.797); yolk weight and albumen weight (0.567); yolk index and yolk height (0.715); haugh unit and albumen height (0.954) and albumen index (0.863). In the naked neck, strong, positive and significant (p<0.01) correlations were observed between egg weight and yolk weight (0.611) and albumen weight (0.768); haugh unit and albumen height (0.934). In the frizzled feather, strong, positive and significant (p<0.01) correlations were observed between egg weight and yolk weight (0.567) and albumen weight (0.680); haugh unit and albumen height (0.883) and albumen index (0.856). These parameters would give rapid improvements if selected together in the respective varieties. Egg weight was predictable from albumen weight with sufficient Reliability (R) of 0.77. 0.77 and 0.68 for normal feathered, naked neck and frizzled feather varieties respectively. Although many egg quality characteristics have strong genetic basis, it is necessary to implement a total quality management programme to maintain consistently good quality throughout the egg production cycle.

The effect of different agrotechnical levels on weed infestation in crops of naked and husked varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.)

The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, &lt;i&gt;Chenopodium album&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Galinsoga parviflora&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Matricaria maritima&lt;/i&gt; ssp. &lt;i&gt;inodora&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Polygonum aviculare&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Stellaria media&lt;/i&gt; were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species &lt;i&gt;Echinochloa crus-galli&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Setaria pumila&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Apera spica-venti&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Elymus repens&lt;/i&gt; occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

Antioxidant activity, β-glucan and lipid contents of oat varieties

The antioxidant activity, total phenolic and β-glucans contents, and the fatty acid profile of total lipids in covered (black and yellow) and naked oats were studied. Oats with black hulls showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity in 2,2’-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) based tests in comparison to the grains with yellow hulls and those of the naked varieties. Radical scavenging activity of oats determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)/spin-trapping test did not depend on the colour of the grain hulls, but the naked grains showed a lower ability in scavenging reactive radicals. A positive correlation between the content of β-glucans in covered oat grains and the amount of reactive radicals scavenged was observed. Total phenolic content in the black oats was significantly higher than in the yellow and naked oat varieties. However, no significant differences in the fatty acid profile between the naked and covered oats were found, and the common fatty acids being linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids.

Starch granule protein (SGP) polymorphism in cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China and relationship between SGPs and starch/amylose content

Starch granule proteins (SGPs) are minor components bound with starch granule, whose variation could impact starch properties. This study investigated, for the first time, the variation of SGPs in the cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. The relationship between SGPs and starch content was preliminarily dealt with. Ten major SGPs and 16 types of patterns were present in the 66 cultivated naked varieties, indicating that the SGPs in cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China are polymorphic. The SGPs of naked barley in Tibet and Sichuan were greatly different and the SGP patterns were specific to sampling regions. Significance test analysis demonstrated that the SGPs described in this study, except for SGP1, could be related with the variation of starch content in the different naked barleys.

호남지역 답리작에서 사료용 총체보리 우량품종 선발

본 연구는 답리작에서 사일리지용 보리 우량 품종 선발을 하고자 호남지역 익산(호남농업연구소)에서 <TEX>$1999{\sim}2001$</TEX>년까지 3년간 생육단계별로 생육특성과 수량 등을 조사하였다. 50% 출수기는 품종간에 비슷하였으나 긴쌀보리만 5월 3일로 가장 늦었다. 건물률은 쌀보리와 겉보리가 각각 37.9%와 37.1%였다. 건물수량에 있어 쌀보리인 새쌀보리와 내한쌀보리에서 11,260와 11,160 kg/ha으로 많았고 긴쌀보리에서 7,530 kg/ha으로 적었다. 그리고 겉보리에서는 밀양 92호, 큰알보리 그리고 탑골보리에서 각각 12,730 kg/ha, 12,320 kg/ha 그리고 12,300 kg/ha으로 많았고 올보리에서 6,660 kg/ha으로 적었다. 쌀보리의 ADF, NDF 그리고 TDN 함량은 30.3%, 60.8% 그리고 65.1%였고 겉보리 품종의 ADF, NDF 그리고 TDN 함량은 각각 33.6%, 61.1% 그리고 62.4%였다. 본 시험에 공시된 사일리지용 보리의 품종중 종실수량이 가장 많은 품종은 탑골보리로 6,370 kg/ha였다. 본 시험의 결과에 의하면 가을 파종에 의한 사일리지용 총체보리의 우량 품종은 밀양 92호, 큰알보리 그리고 탑골보리가 적절한 것으로 판단된다. This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity of barley at paddy field of Iksan (National Honam Agricultural Experiment) from 1998 to 2001. The most fast 50% heading stage date variety was Keunalbori, Tapkolbori and Sodunchalbori, but Kinssalbori was very late as 3th May. The average dry matter (DM) content of naked and hulled barley were 37.9% and 37.1%, respectively. Saessalbori and Naehanssalbori of naked barley showed the highest in DM yield by 11,260 kg/ha and 11,160 kg/ha but the DM yield of Kinssalbori was low by 7,530 kg/ha. And Milyang 92, Keunalbori and Tapkolbori of hulled barley showed the highest in DM yield by 12,730 kg/ha, 12,320 kg/ha and 12,300 kg/ha but the DM yield of Olbori was low by 6,660 kg/ha. Acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of naked varieties was 30.3%, 60.8% and 65.1%, and ADF, NDF and TDN content of hulled varieties was 33.6%, 61.1% and 62.4%, respectively. And Tapkolbori showed the highest grain yield by 6,370 kg/ha. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that "Milyang 92, Keunalbori and Tapkolbori" would be recommendable for fall sown barley cultivar for at paddy field in Honam region.

SGP polymorphism in cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China and the relationship between SGPs and starch con-tent

Starch granule proteins (SGPs) are minor components bound with starch granule, which mutation may be related to starch properties. This study investigated the variation of SGPs in cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China for the first time, and the relationship between SGPs and starch content was preliminarily done. Ten major SGPs and 16 types of patterns were present in 66 cultivated naked varieties, indicating SGPs in cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China are polymorphic. SGPs in Tibet and Sichuan naked barley were greatly different and SGPs were specific to origin of site. Significance test analysis demonstrates SGPs described in this study except for SGP1 may be related with the variation of starch content in different naked barley.

Wpływ poziomów nawożenia mineralnego na plonowanie oraz jako nagoziarnistych i oplewionych odmian jęczmienia jarego i owsa

The microplot experiments were carried out in 2002–2004. The influence of varied NPK fertilization on the yielding, yield structure elements and nutrients of naked and hulled varieties of spring barley and oat was the study objective. The following elements were analyzed: ears (panicles) density, grain and protein yields, weight and number of grains per ear (panicle), weight of 1000 grains and test weight. The content of fiber, oil, ash, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium was also determined. A tendency to increase grain yield of barley and oat was observed after application of 200 kg NPK ha-1 in relation to the other levels of mineral fertilization. The highest grain yield was achieved after application of 200 kg NPK ha-1. Naked varieties of spring barley and oat yielded at the level of 67.7 and 75.8% in relation to their hulled varieties, respectively. Introducing 100 kg NPK ha-1 resulted in significant reduction of protein yield of barley. Mineral fertilization did not significantly affect the values of the elements of cereals yield structure. Hulled barley was characterized by a higher ears number and grain weight per ear than naked one. Hulled oat produced higher grain weight per panicle and weight of 1000 grains than naked one. Grains of naked barley and oat had significantly higher density at loose state. Levels of mineral fertilization significantly modified protein, oil, carbohydrates and calcium content in grains. Naked varieties of spring barley and oat contained significantly more protein, but less fiber and ash in grains than hulled ones. In addition, naked oat was characterized by the highest oil content.

Effect of variety, nitrogen fertiliser and various agronomic factors on the nutritive value of husked and naked oats grain

The effect of variety, agronomic and environmental factors on the chemical composition and energy value for ruminants and non-ruminants of husked and naked oats grain was studied. Winter oats were grown as experimental plots in each of 2 years on three sites in England. At each site two conventional husked oat cultivars (Gerald and Image) and two naked cultivars (Kynon and Pendragon) were grown. At each site, crops were sown on two dates and all crops were grown with the application of either zero or optimum fertiliser nitrogen. Variety and factors contained within the site + year effect had the greatest influence on the chemical composition and nutritive value of oats, followed by nitrogen fertiliser treatment. For example, compared with zero nitrogen, the optimum nitrogen fertiliser treatment resulted in a consistent and significant ( P<0.001) increase in crude protein for all varieties at all sites from an average of 95 to 118 g kg −1 DM, increased the potassium concentration in all varieties from an average of 4.9 to 5.1 g kg −1 DM ( P<0.01) and reduced total lipid by a small but significant ( P<0.001) amount. Optimum nitrogen increased ( P<0.001) the NDF concentration in the two husked varieties and in the naked variety Pendragon. Naked cultivars were lower in fibre, had considerably higher energy, total lipid, linoleic acid, protein, starch and essential amino acids than the husked cultivars. Thus nutritionists need to be selective in their choice of naked or husked oat depending on the intended dietary use.

Plant remains from Sardinia, Italy with notes on barley and grape

This paper presents archaeobotanical results from Sardinia, an island in the western Mediterranean. The starting point is the material excavated at Duos Nuraghes near Borore, but remains provided by other sites are taken into account as well. Naked wheat, presumably a tetraploid wheat such as Triticum durum Desf. (macaroni wheat), and Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) are the most common finds from the Neolithic up to the Medieval period. Triticum dicoccum Schubl. (emmer), Lens culinaris Medik. (lentil), Pisum sativum L. (pea) and Vicia faba L. var. minor (horse bean) have been grown as well. A medieval context revealed Beta vulgaris L. (beet). The most common find in the category of fruits is Vitis vinifera L. (grape). The overall picture is one of continuity in agricultural practices. Nevertheless this picture may be false. In the early Bronze Age the cultivation of barley may have shifted from the naked variety towards the hulled variety. The Phoenicians may have introduced new cultivars of grapevine, although the native grapevine was not replaced by these. The weed taxa suggest some change in agriculture from Punic or Roman times onwards.

Effect of Barley Fibres and Barley Intake on the Ileal Endogenous Nitrogen Losses in Piglets

Ileal endogenous N losses (ENL) were measured, using the15N isotope dilution technique, in piglets (17 kg) fed different barley genotypes (naked, spring, winter with low/high beta -glucan content) or diets containing 330, 530, 730 or 930 g of a blend of barleys/kg diet. The apparent protein and amino acid digestibilities of the naked variety and the winter variety with a high beta -glucan content were, on average, significantly higher than those for the other two varieties. The ENL were inversely correlated (p<0·01) with the apparent digestibilities but the difference between each of them was not significant (p>0·05). The ENL increased linearly with the inclusion level of barley in a N-free basal diet (2 mg endogenous N/g barley). Isolated hulls added to a N-free diet at the rate of 100 or 200 g/kg diet exerted no significant effect on the ENL (1·80 g endogenous N/kg diet in both cases vs. 1·76 g for the basal level). On the contrary, the effect of isolated bran, measured under similar conditions, was significantly higher and dependent on fibre intake (2·59 and 3·31 g N/kg diet, respectively). It is concluded that the ENL are affected by the insoluble bran fibre but not by the hulls, nor by the level of beta -glucan.

Breeding of Two-Rowed Naked Barley Varieties with BaYMV Resistance.

Six-rowed, naked barley varieties, which are grown in western Japan, are generally susceptible to scab and excess soil moisture injury. For hulled varieties, two-rowed varieties are more tolerant to these injuries than six-rowed varieties are. Therefore two-rowed, naked varieties with good agronomic characters and BaYMV resistance, named YNH-2 and YNH-3, were developed through backcrossings. An intermediate parent, Hakei N107, was developed from the cross of Hiproly/2*Saikai kawa 12//Daisen Gold. Another intermediate parent, NHS-1, was developed from the cross of Hakei N107/Hakei P20. YNH-2 was developed from the cross of Daikei R2264/NHS-1. BaYMV resistance was derived from Daikei R2264, and YNH-3 had nearly the same pedigree as YNH-2. The grain yield of YNH-2 and YNH-3 was same as two-rowed, hulled check varieties. Grain quality was good. At present, two-rowed naked varieties are not grown in Japan, but YNH-2 and YNH-3 would contribute a more stable production of naked barley. The cold tolerance of YNH-2 and YNH-3 was moderate, incdicating that nakedness and lack of cold tolerance were not always associated, as previously mentioned.

THE NAKED NECK FOWL

SUMMARYThe genetic value of ancient breeds of livestock is recognized increasingly all over the world. This seems especially important in the case of domestic fowl where hybrids are increasingly dominating everywhere. This paper describes some old Hungarian breeds.Within the species of domestic fowl in Hungary the following breeds should be taken into consideration for preservation: the three colour variants white, yellow and speckled - of improved fowl, already classified as individual breeds called White Hungarian, Yellow Ijungarian and Speckled Hungarian, respectively. The white and speckled breeds both have a naked neck variety too The Transylvanian Naked Neck, although similar to the above variants, is oi different origin.

Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on growth of calli derived from mature embryos or seeds in barley.

Radiosensitivity of barley varieties as expressed by callus growth was examined after exposure of seeds to gamma-rays and transfer of mature embryos detached from seeds or whole seeds onto medium for the initiation and growth of callus. Marked differences in the value of D50 about 7-fold at maximum were observed among the varieties employed (Figs. 1 a and b). Particularly all the naked varieties used showed much lower values of D50s than the covered ones (Table 1). These results correspond to the level of radiosensitivity expressed by seedling growth after seed irradiation (Figs. 2, 3). A major gene (rs) on chromosome I which has recently been found to control the latter radiosensitivity seemed to exert its effect on the radiosensitivity measured by the callus growth. When calli initiated from seeds were irradiated three days after inoculation on agar medium, the value of D50 for callus growth decreased markedly from 44 kR in seed irradiation to 5 kR in callus irradiation for the covered variety, while the change in the value of D50 was slight, changing from 7 to 3 kR for the naked variety. The difference in the value of D50 was not large, but still significant (Figs. 4 a, 4 b). The relationship between the value of D50 for seedling growth in the case of seed and seedling irradiation and that of D50 for callus growth after callus irradiation varied considerably with the varieties.

Genetic adaptation for vernalization requirement in Nepalese wheat and barley

SUMMARYA large number of accessions of covered and naked barley from eastern Nepal were grown without vernalization, and it was found that naked barley accessions were predominantly spring varieties while covered barley accessions were predominantly winter varieties. Seven accessions were subjected to a range of vernalization periods. Four naked varieties were spring varieties, although one showed some response to vernalization, but the three covered barleys were winter varieties.Although the majority of naked barleys are spring forms, they are winter sown at high altitudes and this does not conform to the distribution of naked barley described by Takahashi (1955).Wheat accessions which came from villages situated at high altitudes tended to have higher vernalization requirements than those which came from lower altitudes. This was taken to indicate local adaptation and a low movement of seeds (gene‐flow) between villages. The relationship between vernalization requirement and altitude was not found in barley.Marked but contrasting regional patterns for vernalization requirement occurred in the wheat and covered barley. It was concluded that gene‐flow was greater within regions than between them. This regional isolation together with environmental heterogeneity are major diversity promoting mechanisms.

The inheritance of the naked grain character in oats studied in a cross between the naked variety caesar and the husked variety BO 1/11

The inheritance of the naked grain character in oats was studied in a cross between BO 1/11 (husked) and Caesar (naked), by analysing plants of F1, F2, F3 and both (F1 × BO 1/11) and (F1 × Caesar) backcross generations. F1 and F2 plants were grown under both glasshouse and field conditions.

Studies in Short Day Vernalization of Barley : 4. Varietal difference in short day vernalization response under different daylength.

To make clear the varietal difference in critical daylength of short day vernalization response of barley, sixteen naked varieties and seventeen covered varieties of barley were treated for three weeks under 8, 11, 14, and 20 hour daylength. Almost all the varieties showed the pronounced short day vernalization effect under 8 hour daylength. Under 11 and 14 hour daylength, however, there was difference in short day vernalization effect among the varieties. The varieties were classified into three grades, i. e. A, B, and C on their short day vernalization response under S, 11, and 14 hour daylength compared with that under 20 hour daylength. The trend of short day vernalization response of the varieties under 11 of 14 hour daylength which depended on their critical daylength was not parallel with that under 8 hour daylength. The schematic curve of short day vernalization response under different daylength was discussed.