Abstract
The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Matricaria maritima</i> ssp. <i>inodora</i>, <i>Polygonum aviculare</i>, and <i>Stellaria media</i> were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, <i>Setaria pumila</i>, <i>Apera spica-venti</i>, and <i>Elymus repens</i> occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.
Highlights
The existing research on weed infestation of spring cereals shows that they are generally less susceptible to weed pressure than winter cereals (Zawiślak and Grejner, 1988)
Leszczyńska (2007) as well as Sułek and Brzóska (2007) are of opinion that, in weed control treatments used in oat crops, mechanical crop protection is of great importance, as oats are sensitive to most herbicides
Irrespective of the weed control level, the husked variety Krezus was more competitive against weeds, which was probably attributable to plant height and high panicle density per unit area
Summary
The existing research on weed infestation of spring cereals shows that they are generally less susceptible to weed pressure than winter cereals (Zawiślak and Grejner , 1988). Oats compete better against weeds than spring barley or spring wheat Their advantage over other cereals are justified by early sowing time, a dynamic increase in above-ground and root mass as well as rich foliage that shades well the soil (Wanic , 1997; Budzyński , 1999; Deryło et al, 2003; Adamiak and Adamiak , 2004; Idziak et al 2007). According to Idziak et al (2007), under conditions of high level tillage, chemical weed control in oat crops can be dispensed with. It is extremely important since, out of concern for the natural environment, efforts are undertaken to reduce the use of chemical plant protection agents. The selection of an appropriate herbicide is very important, since an inappropriate chemical agent can cause phytotoxicity, thereby inhibiting plant growth (Skrzypczak and Pudełko , 2001; Krawczyk and Stachecki , 2003)
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