Abstract
Purpose: to study methods to control weed infestation of crops by resource-saving methods of soil tillage, ensuring improvement of the phytosanitary condition of the irrigated agrocenosis. Materials and methods. The test scheme included studying the impact of moldboard plowing at different depths, flat-cut and surface primary tillage on weed infestation of crops. The features of agrotechnical methods in weed control were studied on experimental plots in Saratov region in 2021–2023. The experimental methodology is generally accepted. Results. The influence of different methods of primary tillage on weed infestation of agricultural crops in the crop rotation link under irrigation is considered. It is revealed that with the use of pre-sowing tillage and inter-row tillage during the crop vegetation period, a significant decrease in weed infestation of lands for the next crop is noted. For the first crop of the link – Sudan grass – the highest weed infestation was noted in the variant of minimum cultivation at 8–10 cm, the number of weeds was 26.0 pcs./sq. m. During the vegetation period, due to the high density of standing, the weed infestation of crops before harvesting decreased in all variants of the experiment. On the second crop of the link – spring wheat – and the third crop – soybean – the weed infestation varied insignificantly in all variants of the experiment. Weed control provided the biological yield of green mass of Sudan grass of 32.7–37.5 t/ha, spring wheat grain – 3.30–3.59 t/ha, soybean – 4.09–4.35 t/ha according to the variants of the experiment. No significant difference in the impact of the method of primary tillage on crop yield was revealed. Conclusions. Using the example of soybeans, Sudan grass and spring wheat, it has been proven that during their cultivation, using ploughing with furrow slice upside-down in the fall in combination with pre-sowing tillage and inter-row tillage during the crop vegetation is effective.
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