Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the years 2008-2010 on rendzina soil. The aim of the study was to evaluate weed infestation of winter spelt cultivars (&lsquo;Schwabenkorn&rsquo; and &lsquo;Spelt I.N.Z.&rsquo;) grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection. In the experiment, two levels of mineral fertilization were compared (kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>): I. N 60; P 26.2; K 83; and II. N 80; P 34.9; K 99.6. The che- mical protection levels were as follows: A. Control treatment; B. Mustang 306 SE, Stabilan 750 SL; C. Mustang 306 SE, At- tribut 70 WG, Stabilan 750 SL; D. Mustang 306 SE, Attribut 70 WG, Alert 375 SC, Stabilan 750 SL. <br /><em>Apera spica-venti, Setaria pumila</em>, and <em>Galium aparine </em>occurred in greatest numbers in the spelt wheat crop. The cultivar &lsquo;Schwabenkorn&rsquo; was more competitive against weeds. The number of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, their total number, and air-dry weight of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were significantly lower compared to cv. &lsquo;Spelt I.N.Z.&rsquo;. Chemical protection of spelt wheat decreased weed dry weight compared to the control treatment without chemical protection. The application of higher rates of mineral fertilizers slightly increased the number of weeds but did not influence their dry weight and number of weed species.
Highlights
IntroductionSegetal weeds are characterized by high vigour, they grow faster than crop plants, produce more seeds, and adapt more to adverse habitat conditions
One of the main factors that reduce crop yields is the presence of weeds
The aim of the present study was to compare weed infestation of crops of two winter spelt wheat cultivars grown under different conditions of chemical plant protection and mineral fertilization
Summary
Segetal weeds are characterized by high vigour, they grow faster than crop plants, produce more seeds, and adapt more to adverse habitat conditions. If they occur in large numbers,weeds gain a significant advantage over the crop plant, it is very important to select an appropriate and effective weed control method (Adamczewski and Praczyk , 1999). Many studies have been devoted to explain the relationship between the level of chemical crop protection and weed infestation of crop fields. Many authors are of opinion that more intensive mineral fertilization is a factor that reduces weed infestation of crops (Blecharczyk et al 2009; Kraska and Pałys , 2007). The studies of Gawrońska - Kulesza et al (2005) and Pałys et al (2011)
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