Lichen Planus Research Articles

Comparison of Ophthalmologists versus Dermatologists for the Diagnosis and Management of Periorbital Atypical Pigmented Skin Lesions.

Background/Objectives: Lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) are significant subtypes of melanoma, with an annual incidence of 1.37 per 100,000 people in the U.S. These skin tumors, often found in photo-exposed areas such as the face, are frequently misdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment or unnecessary excisions, especially in the elderly. Facial melanocytic skin tumors (lentigo maligna-LM/lentigo maligna melanoma-LMM) and their simulators (solar lentigo, pigmented actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis and lichen planus-like keratosis) often affect the periocular region. Thus, their diagnosis and management can involve different medical figures, mainly dermatologists and ophthalmologists. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of ophthalmologists to diagnose and manage pigmented skin lesions of the periorbital area. Methods: A multicentric, retrospective, cross-sectional study on a dataset of 79 periorbital pigmented skin lesions with both clinical and dermoscopic images was selected. The images were reviewed by six ophthalmologists and two dermatologists. Descriptive statistics were carried out, and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, with their 95% confidence interval (95% CI), were estimated. Results: Ophthalmologists achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 63.50% (95% CI: 58.99-67.85%), while dermatologists achieved 66.50% (95% CI: 58.5-73.8). The sensitivity was lower for ophthalmologists in respect to dermatologists, 33.3% vs. 46.9%, respectively. Concerning the case difficulty rating, ophthalmologists rated as "difficult" 84% of cases, while for dermatologists, it was about 30%. Management was also consistently different, with a "biopsy" decision being suggested in 25.5% of malignant lesions by ophthalmologists compared with 50% of dermatologists. Conclusions: Ophthalmologists revealed a good diagnostic potential in the identification of periorbital LMs/LMMs. Given progressive population ageing and the parallel increase in facial/periorbital skin tumors, the opportunity to train new generations of ophthalmologists in the early diagnosis of these neoformations should be considered in the next future, also taking into account the surgical difficulty/complexity of this peculiar facial area.

Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Using the Indonesian Version of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire-15 (COMDQ-15).

Chronic oral mucosal diseases (COMDs) can significantly impair the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. Monitoring the overall disease's impact and the efficacy of treatments requires the use of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire-15 (COMDQ-15) as a standardized instrument for measuring QoL in these patients. This study aimed to assess QoL in patients with COMDs using an Indonesian version of the COMDQ-15. Seventy patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), oral lichen planus, autoimmune blistering diseases (ABD), and cheilitis were included. Levels of QoL among different groups of disease were compared. Various potential factors influencing QoL were evaluated. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with overall and specific aspects of QoL. The mean total COMDQ-15 score was 20.83 ± 10.07. The highest scores were in the physical discomfort domain (8.76 ± 4.65), while the lowest was in the medication and treatment domain (2.13 ± 1.99). Physical discomfort was significantly associated with gender, major RAS, and cheilitis. Social and emotional aspects were significantly associated with age and ABD, while patient support was linked to employment status, RAS types, and cheilitis. The Indonesian version of the COMDQ-15 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing QoL in patients with COMDs.

Successful treatment of recalcitrant follicular lichen planus (lichen planopilaris) with the topical JAK 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib

AbstractWe report the successful treatment of a patient with refractory follicular lichen planus (LP) with topical ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, which resulted in significant improvement of lesional skin within 1 month of daily use.

Nonsclerotic Lichen Sclerosus of Vulva: A Clinicopathologic Analysis.

The International Society of the Study of Vulvovaginal Diseases (ISSVD) recently defined nonsclerotic lichen sclerosus (NSLS) as a scenario wherein the clinical findings are consistent with lichen sclerosus (LS), but no microscopic evidence of dermal sclerosis is found and recognized 4 histologic subcategories. Herein, we present an institutional experience with NSLS, with an emphasis on frequency, application of the ISSVD categories in routine practice, and clinicopathologic correlation. The authors reviewed clinical and pathologic findings for consecutive vulvar biopsies in which LS was a clinical and/or pathologic consideration. Cases were classified as classical/sclerotic LS (CLS), NSLS (per ISSVD criteria), and "unclassified," the latter of which were cases not classifiable as NSLS or CLS, despite a clinical impression or LS or LS being a significant clinical consideration (ie, "clinical LS"). In clinical LS cases, CLS and NSLS were diagnosed histologically in 61% (182/298) and 15% (44/298), respectively, whereas the remainder were histologically unclassified. The latter group was microscopically heterogeneous, devoid of a consistent pathologic profile, and generally showed absence, focality, minimality, ambiguity, or infrequency of features that would have allowed their categorization into one of the NSLS categories. Among the 4 categories for the categorizable NSLS cases, the "lichenoid dermatitis" pattern (61.4%) was the commonest, followed by dermal fibrosis with acanthosis (22.7%), dermal fibrosis without acanthosis (9.1%), and hypertrophic lichenoid dermatitis (6.8%). The clinical response rates to topical therapies for the NSLS and unclassified groups were 71% and 62%, respectively (P=0.4). Our findings highlight the significance of clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of NSLS. In the setting of clinical LS, some histologic evidence to support that impression is found in most cases when the ISSVD system for diagnosis and classification of biopsies is applied. However, a subset of clinical LS cases are not pathologically classifiable as either CLS or any of the NSLS categories; these display nonspecific histologic features and require future study.

B Cells Infiltration Potentially Responded Better to Systemic Corticoids in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Lesions.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) are chronic inflammatory diseases involving the oral mucosa. B cells infiltration in OLP and OLL, however, little is known about these cells in OLP and OLL. To analyze the function and infiltrating features of B lymphocytes in OLP and OLL, and to preliminarily evaluate their correlation with clinical outcomes. Tissue samples were collected from OLP, OLL, and healthy mucosa. The phenotypes and amounts of B cells in tissues were analyzed by single-cell sequencing. Their proportion and infiltrating features in tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. With the systemic medication of corticoids, the correlation between B cells infiltrating characteristics and the clinical outcomes were evaluated. A quantified proportion increase of B cells was shown in both OLP and OLL. B cells in OLP demonstrated heightened activation and enhanced regulation in immune response. A cohort of 100 patients with OLP/OLL and 13 healthy controls were examined to investigate the B cells infiltration pattern. B cells were distributed in the superficial layer of lamina propria in 92.9% and 41.9% of OLP and OLL, respectively(P < 0.01); focally distributed in 25.0% and 62.9% of OLP and OLL, respectively(P < 0.01). With the systemic medication of corticoids, the cases with B cell infiltration (B+) in OLP and OLL groups showed a statistically significant reduction in REU scores before and after treatment (P < 0.01). B cells are widely present in OLP and OLL, and B cell infiltration in OLP and OLL are related to the better therapeutic effect of oral corticoids.

An unusual presentation of childhood lichen planus successfully treated with 308-nm excimer laser.

An unusual presentation of childhood lichen planus successfully treated with 308-nm excimer laser.

Relationship between Oral Lichen Planus and Cardiovascular Disease of Atherosclerotic Origin: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background/Objectives: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the oral mucosa that affects between 0.5% and 2% of the general population. In the last decade, several studies have associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with some inflammatory skin diseases such as oral lichen planus, demonstrating the presence of dyslipidemia in these pathologies. The objective of this work is to review whether patients with OLP show higher dyslipidemia and CRP levels compared to a healthy control population without OLP. Methods: Searches were carried out in Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane. The studies had to perform a histopathological diagnosis for OLP and the patients could not take any medication to treat this disorder. Non-lichenoid reactions were included. Results: After an initial search that provided us with 254 papers, this number was reduced to 10 articles after a detailed evaluation. All of them were case-control studies that compared the presence of analytical cardiovascular risk factors in patients affected by OLP and in healthy subjects. Conclusions: There is no scientific evidence of the possible association between OLP and CVDs. The only association we can prove is the one between OPL and CVD risk factors, especially those related to the lipid profile. More studies are needed in order to evaluate this relationship in patients diagnosed with CVDs.

Comparison of Intralesional Injection of Hyaluronic Acid with Triamcinolone and Triamcinolone Alone in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus at Tertiary care Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Center

Objective: To compare the outcome of intralesional injection of Hyaluronic acid with Triamcinolone and Triamcinolone alone in the management of Oral Lichen Planus. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial, conducted in the Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery department at Punjab Dental Hospital(PDH), Lahore, included 30 patients aged 20-70 years with histopathologically confirmed Oral Lichen planus (0.5-4 cm), using a Split mouth technique. One side of the lesion received intralesional Triamcinolone (40 mg/ml), while the other side received a combination of Hyaluronic acid and Triamcinolone. Pain and lesion size were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale and measured at 2 and 12 weeks. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 20.0, with significance at P &lt; 0.05, comparing mean pain scores and lesion disappearance between groups using t-tests and Chi-square tests. Results: Total 30 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 48.76±14.67 year. Oral health assessment revealed that 9(30%) patients had good oral hygiene, and 15(50%) average hygiene. At baseline and 2nd week mean pain score in Intervention group was 5.7±1.08, 1.60 ±0.62 and in control patients was 5.6±1.03 and 2.10±0.99. Disappearance of lesion showed no significant difference between groups. Although in intervention group rate of disappearance of lesion was higher. i.e. Intervention: 73.3% vs. Control: 50%, p-value=0.063 Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that intralesional injection of Hyaluronic acid plus Triamcinolone is more effective than Triamcinolone alone for treating Oral Lichen Planus in terms of pain reduction and lesion disappearance

Could Vaccination against COVID-19 Trigger Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases?

Exacerbations and new onset of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa, have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. In patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, recent studies have shown that those who received mRNA vaccines were 3.5 times as likely to develop flares following vaccination compared to patients who received non-mRNA vaccines, indicating that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are associated with hidradenitis suppurativa flares. Similar findings have been found in other studies evaluating the association between COVID-19 vaccines and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, and alopecia areata. However, further research is warranted in larger populations to validate these findings.

Patch testing with Indian standard series of 20 allergens in 125 patients of chronic dermatitis and dermatoses

Objectives: Patch testing is generally done in cases of allergic contact dermatitis to find the offending allergen/s. It has been less reported in patients clinically presenting as non-eczematous contact reactions such as lichen planus, lichenoid eruption, lichen planus pigmentosus and facial melanosis overlap. In addition, it may give clues to the sensitizers leading to chronic, recurring dermatitis and overlap of dermatoses in the form of systemic contact dermatitis. The aim of the present study was to identify the sensitizer/s with patch testing in patients presenting with non-eczematous contact reactions as well as chronic, relapsing dermatitis and overlap of dermatoses. Material and Methods: In the present study, patch testing was done using the Indian standard series in 125 cases presenting clinically as lichen planus, lichen planus pigmentosus, facial melanosis, cheilitis, mucosal lichen planus and vulvar dermatitis, in addition to cases of chronic and recurrent dermatitis such as nummular eczema, lichenoid eruption, pompholyx, photo aggravated dermatitis, air borne contact and hand and feet dermatitis. Results: The tests were positive in 102 (81.6%) patients, negative in 16, doubtful in 3 and invalid in 4 patients. Positive results were found in 100% cases of photo aggravated dermatitis and chronic dermatitis of hands/feet dermatitis and 76% cases of facial melanosis and lichen planus pigmentosus overlap, 88.9% cases of nummular eczema, 81.8% cases of lichenoid eruption, 75% cases of lichen planus, 57% cases of atopic eczema, 66.6% cases of pompholyx, and 100% of mucosal lichen planus. Test for nickel was positive in 40 (32%) cases, parthenium in 37 (29.6%), cobalt in 23 (18.4%), fragrance in 19 (15.2%), paraphenylenediamine in 17 (13.6%), paraben in 9 (7.2%) and neomycin in 5 (4%) cases, either alone or in combination. In the present study, in addition to eczematous dermatoses, non-eczematous conditions such as lichen planus, lichenoid eruption, lichen planus pigmentosus and facial melanosis also showed positive results on patch testing. Conclusion: Patch testing should be considered in patients presenting with chronic and recurrent dermatitis and overlap of more than one type of dermatoses. Identification and elimination of culprit allergens can help in achieving long term remission in these chronic conditions.

The relationship of microbial biodiversity and clinical forms of oral lichen planus: analysis based on 16S rRNA sequencing

BACKGROUND: The composition and changes of microbiota have a significant impact on overall health and the development of various diseases. Of particular relevance is the problem of changes in the oral microbiota in patients with lichen planus of the oral mucosa. Studying the relationship between the composition of the oral microbiota and the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus will improve the understanding of the mechanisms of this disease. Thus, this topic is of considerable interest to a wide range of specialists in the field of medicine and biology. AIM: Detailed analysis of oral cavity microbiota and establishment of potential pathogenetic microbial associations with oral lichen planus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included samples from patients diagnosed with various forms of oral red squamous lichen planus (lichen planus erosive-ulcerative) and a control group. The investigation was based on analyzing microbial diversity metrics (alpha and beta diversity), relative abundance of bacterial taxa, and identification of unique bacterial taxa in the oral red squamous lichen planus patients. This analysis utilized the 16S rRNA sequencing method. RESULTS: The analysis revealed a rich bacterial composition in patients with oral lichen planus, which was significantly different from that in the control group. Differences were also observed between the subgroups, especially between the typical and erosive-ulcerative forms of the disease. Notably, beta diversity did not show significant differences between the groups, indicating a similar overall microbiota composition despite fluctuations in the relative abundance of species. Nevertheless, the typical clinical form of the disease demonstrated more significant differences in the microbiota structure compared to the hyperkeratotic and erosive-ulcerative forms. Furthermore, analysis of the study groups revealed the presence of 50% shared microbial species, while the other half was represented by unique species associated with oral lichen planus. Regarding the subgroups, it was found that unique microorganisms correlated with the typical and erosive-ulcerative forms, respectively, providing a deeper understanding of the specific microbiological profile in the context of this disease. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed the hypothesis of an association between the microbiota composition and oral lichen planus, which may be of importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Evaluation of Fascin expression in oral erosive lichen planus and its relationship with potential of malignant transformation

Background. Fascin is a protein that is increased in many epithelial cancers, and this increased expression is related to the more aggressive behavior and metastasis of many of these cancers. Considering the relatively high prevalence of oral lichen planus (OLP) and the inconsistencies regarding its malignant transformation potential, this study aimed to investigate the expression level of fascin in OLP and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods. In this experimental study, 27 samples of erosive OLP and 30 samples of OSCC were immunohistochemically stained with fascin. The extent of fascin expression (epithelial cells with cytoplasmic immunoreactivity) in OLP was categorized into 4 scores based on the extent of epithelial staining. SCC specimens were scored according to the intensity and percentage of staining, and the sum of these two numbers was finally considered the total score, which ranged from 0 to 7. Fascin expression in two groups was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. About half of the lichen planus samples (48.15%) received a score of 3. Most of the SCC samples received a score of 5 or 6. The comparison of the expression of fascin between the two groups demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion. The increased expression of fascin in lichen planus and SCC may indicate the role of fascin in carcinogenesis. Practical Implications. Overexpression of fascin in lichen planus and SCC may be a diagnostic marker for malignant transformation and a prognostic marker, respectively.

Decades of experience treating vitiligo with UVB therapy

BACKGROUND: From the advent of modern phototherapy to the present day, this technique has been an important tool for the treatment of various skin diseases such as psoriasis, parapsoriasis, red lichen planus, scleroderma, atopic dermatitis, lymphomas, etc. One of the common dermatologic diseases where this technique is used as a gold standard is vitiligo. Despite the existence of a wide range of therapies for this disease, phototherapy remains the standard of care because of its proven efficacy and favorable side effect profile. AIM: Is to study the efficacy of UVB-311 nm in the treatment of vitiligo, to assess adherence to therapy, as well as to analyze the reasons for discontinuation of phototherapy in order to optimize the future results of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 570 vitiligo sufferers who underwent UVB-311 nm phototherapy from 2013–2023. Evaluation of the therapy efficacy, its impact on the patients' quality of life, as well as analysis of the reasons for discontinuation of the UVB-311 nm course were carried out using questionnaires, visual repigmentation scale G0–G4, and comparative assessment using photofixation RESULTS: An excellent (repigmentation 75%) response was observed in 30% of patients. In 32% of patients repigmentation was between 51% and 75%; 23% of patients responded to treatment with repigmentation between 25–50% of foci; 15% of patients completed the course of treatment due to lack of response and repigmentation less than 25% after the first 30 treatments. Only 68% of patients completed the full course of narrow-band UVB-311 nm therapy, the average number of treatments was 49. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated good clinical efficacy of UVB-311 nm phototherapy. However, a number of interventions are needed to optimize treatment results and improve treatment adherence.

Comparative study of the efficacy of azathioprine, dapsone, and NB-UVB phototherapy as steroid-sparing modalities in generalised lichen planus.

Background Generalised lichen planus (GLP) is a chronic disease with an overall prevalence of 1% requiring longer treatment. Limited studies are available on GLP and its treatment in the literature, unlike oral lichen planus. Objective To determine the best steroid-sparing treatment modality for GLP by comparing the efficacy, response, safety, side effects, and remission with azathioprine, dapsone, and narrowband UV-B (NB-UVB) along with their impact on itching severity and life quality. Methodology Open-label, prospective, comparative, interventional study on generalised lichen planus patients treated with systemic steroids along with one of three steroid-sparing modalities. Totally 90 patients were studied including 30 patients each who received azathioprine (Group A), dapsone (Group B), and narrow band UVB (NB-UVB) (Group C), respectively, for 16 weeks. Itch severity index (ISI) and Dermatology life quality Index (DLQI) were assessed at baseline and week 24. All patients received oral prednisolone until there was no more active disease. Response was assessed in terms of occurrence of new lesions, flattening of lesions, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and grading of lesions two weeks once for 6 months followed by six months of follow-up after treatment completion. Results Females outnumbered males in all 3 groups. Mean patient ages (34, 38, and 34) and the presence of one or more co-morbidities (50%, 42.3%, 37.5%) in Groups A, B, and C, respectively, were comparable. ISI and DLQI improvement at 24 weeks were greatest with NB-UVB, followed by azathioprine and dapsone in that order; the differences in improvement between groups showed high statistical significance. At week 24, occurrence of new lesions (0%, 0%, 3.8%), flattening (100% - all groups), PIH (100% - all groups), grade 3 lesions i.e. poor response, resolution of 20-50% of lesions (7.1%, 11.5%, 0%), grade 2 lesions i.e. partial response, resolution of 50-90% of lesions (35.7%, 76.9%, 8.3%) and grade 1 lesions i.e. complete response, resolution of >90% lesions (57.1%, 11.5%, 91.3%) were noted in Groups A, B and C, respectively; the differences in the extent of resolution of lesions between the groups were highly significant statistically. Remission was seen in 100%, 76.9%, and 87.5% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively, after six months. Limitations The sample size was small. Only 3 treatment options were compared in this study but many more options have been used for lichen planus. Long term follow-up is required. Conclusions NB-UVB with oral steroids showed a better response in terms of improvement in DLQI, ISI, disease control, and side effects than azathioprine and dapsone. Azathioprine showed a faster response and more prolonged remission. Dapsone showed poor response with multiple side effects.

Implant Treatment in Patients With Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Studies.

Dental implants provide a reliable solution for edentulous patients with autoimmune diseases improving quality of life. The present systematic review aimed to determine whether autoimmune diseases with oral manifestations could affect the survival rate of dental implants. A systematic search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA), using Google Scholar and PubMed electronic databases, between the year 2000 and February 2024. The eligibility criteria included human studies, in English language reporting on patients with autoimmune diseases treated with dental implants. Nineteen studies were included: nine on oral lichen planus (OLP), four on Sjögren's syndrome (SS), five on epidermolysis bullosa (EB), and one on lupus erythematosus (LE). A total of 389 implants in 142 patients with OLP showed a survival rate (SR) of 94.6%, while 316 implants in 111 patients with SS had a survival rate of 95.8%. In 31 patients with EB, 181 implants were placed with a survival rate of 99.5%, and 12 implants were placed in five patients with LE with a survival rate of 100% after one year of function. Despite the heterogeneity and methodological limitations of most of the studies, the results showed that dental implant survival rates were comparable to those reported in the general population. This review suggested that dental implants are a viable treatment option for patients with autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, proper daily oral hygiene and long-term follow-up are decisive factors for the long-term maintenance of dental implants.

Comparative Assessment of Lipid Peroxidase in Oral Cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.

Introduction Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are abnormally altered tissues that could potentially develop into oral cancer. From the literature, it is understandable that not all OPMDs develop into oral cancer. Hence, it is essential to identify the high-risk lesions that are more likely to develop into oral cancer. Lipid peroxidase (LPO) is a byproduct of phospholipidmetabolism, and its levels are an oxidative stress marker that can probably help us predict the onset of cancer in OPMDS. This study aimed to assess the levels of LPO in OPMD, oral cancer, and normal patients. Materials and methods The sample size estimated was 15 per group. There were four groups in total. The estimation was done with the Abbkine LPO enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (ELISA) kit (Atlanta, Georgia, USA). An enzyme-substrate reaction was carried out, and the degree of the color change was measured using a microplate reader. The values were tabulated, and statistics were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. Results LPO levels (nmol/L) in each of the four groups were as follows: Group 1 (oral cancer): 171.86±78.86, Group 2 (controls): 71.66±28.36, Group 3: (oral leukoplakia): 127.50±103.53, and Group 4 (oral submucous fibrosis and oral lichen planus): 100.39±41.06.The results, when compared, were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Discussion From the above results, it is understandable that oral cancer patients experience increased oxidative stress compared to the OPMD group. The current study concluded that the obtained results showed differences in LPO levels, suggesting LPO could be used as a marker and screening tool to assess the rate and severity of cellular damage in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders.

An overview of S100 proteins and their functions in skin homeostasis, interface dermatitis conditions and other skin pathologies.

S100 proteins comprise a family of structurally related proteins that are calcium-sensitive. S100 proteins have been found to play various roles in regulation of cell apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell migration and invasion, energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, protein phosphorylation, anti-microbial activity and inflammation in a variety of cell types. While the specific function of many S100 proteins remains unknown, some of the S100 proteins serve as disease biomarkers as well as possible therapeutic targets in skin diseases. Interface dermatitis (ID) is a histopathological term that covers many different skin conditions including cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, and dermatomyositis. These pathologies share similar histological features, which include basal cell vacuolization and lymphocytic infiltration at the dermal-epidermal junction. In this review, we summarize how the S100 protein family contributes to both homeostatic and inflammatory processes in the skin. We also highlight the role of S100 proteins in neuronal signalling, describing how this might contribute to neuroimmune interactions in ID and other skin pathologies. Last, we discuss what is known about the S100 family proteins as both biomarkers and potential treatment targets in specific pathologies.

Systemic associations of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions, a retrospective case-control study of 301 patients

Systemic associations of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions, a retrospective case-control study of 301 patients

Prevalence of stress associated oral mucosal disorders among patients from Southern Rajasthan, India

Data on the prevalence of stress associated oral mucosal lesions/conditions such as Oral lichen planus, Apthous ulcers, Burning mouth syndrome, Headache, Xerostomia, Halitosis, Myofacial pain Dysfunction syndrome amongst population of Southern Rajasthan is of interest to dentists. Cross sectional study had been conducted on 5214 patients from 18-60 years age group who visited the Department of the Oral Medicine and Radiology, Pacific Dental College and Research Centre, Bedla, Udaipur. Findings such as burning of oral mucosa, presence of vesicles and ulcers, striation in oral cavity, limitation of jaw movement, muscular pain were assessed for the establishment of diagnosis. Prevalence of stress associated oral mucosal lesions/conditions like Oral lichen planus, Apthous ulcers, Burning mouth syndrome, Headache, Xerostomia, Halitosis, Myofacial pain Dysfunction syndrome was reported to be 12%, 17%, 3%, 21%, 6 %, 23 and 18% respectively. Besides stress management therapy, Professional consultation along with proper investigation and medicinal treatment is required

Mucosal Cancers Arising in Potentially Malignant Lesions of the Oral Mucosa Are Marjolin Ulcers: New Insights Into Old Concepts.

Several disparate mucocutaneous diseases present oral mucosal lesions that have been classically labeled as "pre-cancerous", "pre-malignant", or "potentially malignant". These include oral lichen planus, dyskeratosis congenita, tertiary syphilitic glossitis chronic graft-versus-host-disease, and oral discoid lupus erythematosus. There is much confusion in literature regarding the real malignant potential of these oral lesions in relation to the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma. We tried to unify the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma in some oral mucosal diseases into the classic concept of "Marjolin ulcer". We analyzed the most relevant published evidence of the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma arising in oral lichen planus, dyskeratosis congenita, tertiary syphilitic glossitis chronic graft-versus-host-disease, and oral discoid lupus erythematosus, and tried to establish a logical link between them. Reported cases of squamous cell carcinoma occurring in oral lesions of these diseases seem to appear in old standing, scarring lesions. Oral lichen planus, dyskeratosis congenita, tertiary syphilitic glossitis, chronic graft-versushost-disease, and oral discoid lupus erythematosus are not "pre-malignant diseases", their long-lasting mucosal scars are prone to the development of squamous cell carcinomas. In this sense, this tumor can be considered a mucosal type of Marjolin ulcer.