Naberezhnye Chelny Research Articles

Typology of Leadership Styles Depending on the Nature of Decision-Making and Business/Person Orientation

The purpose of the study is to develop a classification of leadership styles based on a combination of two indicators: the degree of employees’ involvement in the decision-making process and the prevailing orientation at the enterprise either towards achieving organizational results or towards ensuring employees’ satisfaction. The scientific novelty of the work is in the approach to solving the stated problem, namely, the creation of the authors’ typology of management styles (individual authoritarian, paternalistic, collective, communal), based on a combination of the degree of staff participation in making management decisions and target orientation towards business/relationships. The results obtained show that this methodology helps to reveal most efficiently the features of management at modern Russian enterprises. This methodology was used as a basis for the analyses of the aspects determining the nature of the leadership. There was revealed its relationship with various socio-economic factors. Long-term longitudinal studies conducted at Naberezhnye Chelny enterprises provided the authors of the article with empirical material, on the basis of which it was concluded that authoritarianism and paternalism were the most characteristic of the modern domestic managers’ style. The practical significance of the study is in the possibility of applying its results at enterprises in various sectors of the economy. The proposed classification of management styles can be used as a methodological toolkit in studying the effectiveness of management work at different organizations, as well as in the process of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel.

The destructive frames of social behavior: anthropological analysis of the Columbine ideology

The results of a complex research on the Columbine phenomenon, which was conducted by the authors in 2020-2021 in Tatarstan, became the basis for the writing of the article. Adolescents and young people aged 13 to 23, who share the values of the Columbine subculture, became the object of the research. The study was carried out in a concept of interpretive sociology and the theory of frames, with the use of qualitative methods such as frame analysis to monitor the open groups in social networks and select the informants, as well as the method of focused interview. The total number of theme groups, in social networks such as VKontakte and Telegram, that were included in the monitoring was not less than 50. Furthermore, 25 interviews were conducted with members of Internet groups in Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny. The aim of the research was to analyze the impact of framing narratives of the subculture on the personal and group attitudes of the participants in the general context of conflict risks of social interaction. In this article, the authors tried to analyze the nature of the relationship between the virtual environment and the real social space on the example of a well-known destructive subculture, which received the official status of a terrorist movement in Russia in 2022. The causal and latent motives for adolescents, as well as youth representatives getting involved in Columbine communities, were considered. Situations and factors that form misanthropic imperatives were typologized. It was suggested that there are successive stages of indoctrination that cause psychological and social transformations of the individual. A method for identifying participants in the subculture with a high degree of involvement to prevent possible destructive acts was proposed. The presented research contributes to modern socio-anthropological knowledge in terms of critical analysis of existing subcultural practices aimed at dehumanizing social space and manifests the value of protecting human-centric values and dignity of the individual.

Features of modern spatial development of the kama agglomeration

The article examines strategic documents, regulatory legal acts of the federal, regional and local levels in order to identify priority areas of project activities in relation to the Kama agglomeration, examines the current urban situation on the basis of cartographic data, data from state statistical agencies, field studies. The possibilities and limitations of the territorial and spatial development of the Kama agglomeration are determined. Today, the Kama agglomeration is formed on the basis of two core cities: the cities of Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the modern territorial and spatial development of the Kama agglomeration.

Ergonyms of the thematic group “Educational institutions” of Naberezhnye Chelny

INTRODUCTION. At the present stage of studying proper names, a special place is given to urban ergonyms, which form the urban onomasticon. Ergonyms, being an integral part of the appearance of a modern city, reflect not only the lexical and grammatical systems of the language, but also represent scientific value as an additional source of information about the social, cultural and historical situation in a certain territory. The purpose of the study is to describe the ergonymic space of Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan, which includes the names of educational institutions.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material is the modern names of educational institutions from the official website of the directory of organizations of the city of Nab erezhnye Chelny 2023. The factual material analysis is carried out based on the use of general li nguistic methods (structural and descriptive), as well as the use of elements of the synchronic method and nominative technique analysis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The main technique for creating new ergonyms is symbolic nomination, which is expressed in nomination using metaphor and metonymy. The emergence of innovative ergonyms in the urban space of Naberezhnye Chelny is mainly associated with the appearance of names in the Tatar language, but with the presence of spellings of words dating back to the English language and Russian words in English transcription. The study of urban ergonoms is carried out in three aspects: analysis of the nominative appearance of a modern city, analysis of thematic groups of urban ergonyms and identification of the peculiarities of the functioning of ergonyms in the speech of modern citizens.CONCLUSION. The names of various children's and youth clubs serve as a certain attribute to attract the target audience. Basically, secondary educational institutions in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny are called by a certain number, but there are a number of specialized institutions that have a name in the Tatar language, indicating the essence of these schools. The city names of additional education institutions for school-aged children reflect Russian names, many of which remain from the Soviet past. Onimization is carried out using metaphorical components in order to expand the semantic structure of the word, its functionality, and the significance of ergonymic vocabulary in communication.

Conceptual Problems of Mentoring in Education and Experience in Implementing the Innovative Project at Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University in Turkmenistan

Introduction. The article aims to study mentoring in education in both theoretical and applied aspects. The conceptual and methodological analysis is focused on the problem of transforming mentoring from traditional forms to modern methods based on the active interaction of the mentor and the mentee. Мethods. The practice of mentoring is examined using as an example an innovative educational project “teacher – teacher” developed and implemented by Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, where the main emphasis is on developing in young teachers the universal competencies they lack. Results. The innovative nature of the developed and practiced model lies in its content and structure built within successive four stages: 1) identification of deficits in the development of universal competencies among young teachers; 2) training them in accordance with additional professional development programs; 3) post-course support for the development of universal competencies of teachers; 4) final assessment of the mastery of the acquired universal competencies of teachers. This work is not limited to national boundaries and becomes the subject of international interaction. Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University actively cooperates with universities and educational authorities of Turkmenistan. Conclusion. The article reveals the content of the project and the possibilities of its implementation in the educational system of this country.

Integration of professor A.V. Mironov’s scientific heritage into modern educational video resources for younger students

In this paper, the authors reveal the practical significance of the scientific works of Anatoly Vladimirovich Mironov, Honorary Professor of Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, in the context of modern education, demonstrating an innovative approach to adapting his theoretical concepts to create digital educational resources. The main goal of the project is to integrate the research of natural resources and ecology of the Republic of Tatarstan into a series of videos for elementary school students. The students who participated in the project not only mastered video creation technologies, but also deepened their knowledge in the field of pedagogy, theory and technology of teaching the integrated course «The World around us», environmental education of younger schoolchildren. Under the guidance of teachers, future teachers studied the scientific works of A.V. Mironov, adapted his methodological recommendations to create interactive and accessible video content for elementary school students. The project successfully combined theory and practice, allowing future teachers not only to form professional competencies, but also to develop creative potential. The use of video materials based on the scientific heritage of A.V. Mironov contributes to the activation of the educational process, making it more engaging and interesting for younger students. The created videos reflecting the ecology and natural wealth of Tatarstan are valuable additional material to the lessons of studying the world around us.

Technology for Purifying Gas Emissions of Chemical Plants from Sulfur Dioxide Using Granular Carbonate Sludge

The results of studies on purification of gas emissions (GE) with a granular sorbent based on carbonate sludge from chemical water treatment are presented. The choice of conditions for modifying carbonate sludge with a sodium silicate solution to obtain a granular sorbent has been experimentally substantiated. It is confirmed that the data obtained correspond to and complement the theoretical principles and laws of colloidal and physical chemistry, industrial ecology, which is important for the choice of engineering solutions. A technological scheme for adsorption purification with a regeneration cycle of granular sorption material based on carbonate sludge from the Naberezhnye Chelny CHPP has been developed. It was concluded that the efficiency of GE treatment increased by up to 99% when using the proposed measures. The environmental and economic indicators of the use of the resulting granular sorbent in the scheme for purifying GE from SO2 in production of sodium hydrosulfite have been calculated. The prevented environmental harm to the environment from the use of the proposed technology has been determined, as well as the cost of production of granular sorption material and the payback period.

Формирование и оценка потенциала развития преференциальных территорий России

Considering the new reality in Russia, research needs to identify and use additional factors to ensure economic growth. The spatial factor plays an important role in enhancing the sustainability of economic development and increasing macroeconomic dynamics. The study examines the formation and assesses the development potential of Russian preferential territories, of which there are currently more than 860. The research methodology is based on the principles of spatial development, synergetic economics and institutional theories. Methods of comparative, statistical, structural, and SWOT analysis are used. It is hypothesised that the use of the development potential of preferential territories (in this case, priority development areas (PDAs) of single-industry towns) will increase their technological advancement. As of 2024, 110 Russian territories, including 84 single-industry towns, have the priority development area status. The opportunities and development risks of Russian preferential territories were analysed using SWOT. An institutional-synergetic approach to the formation of PDAs was utilised to create a methodology for determining development potentials. The performed assessment of the potential of 9 priority development areas in single-industry towns revealed the presence of technologically advanced institutions only in three of them (Naberezhnye Chelny, Tolyatti and Nevinnomyssk). Six PDAs have resources, development institutions, and infrastructure corresponding to the current technological development level of the territory. Three PDAs can rely on the strategic potential of their regions (characterised by a high or average quality of life and investment attractiveness). The study offered recommendations for adjusting territorial development strategies, taking into account the socio-economic potential of priority areas for their transition to the next technological level. The findings can be used for updating the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation and adjusting the performance indicators of preferential territories.

Features of salmonellosis outbreak among employees of the Joint-Stock Company «Holding Company TEMPO»

In recent years, salmonellosis has remained an urgent problem in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Annually from 2012 to 2022 in the Republic of Tatarstan, the proportion of cases of salmonellosis in the structure of the incidence of AKI is on average 6.3 % (in the Russian Federation — 4.9 %). In the ranking of the economic damage caused by infectious diseases in the republic, salmonella infection takes 11–14 places annually. Group foci of salmonellosis in the republic are registered sporadically, from 2013 to 2021. 8 group foci with the number of 96 people affected were registered. The article presents the results of the assessment of the epidemiological features of the outbreak of salmonella infection among employees of a large enterprise of the Joint-Stock Company «Holding Company «TEMPO» in Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan in October 2022. The materials used are emergency notices for patients, an act of sanitary and epidemiological examination (investigation), an act of epidemiological investigation of the focus of an infectious (parasitic) disease with the establishment of a causal relationship, test reports. It was found that the number of cases was 254 people, all adults. The source of infection is the staff of the canteen of the enterprise, where the sick employees of the enterprise ate. The transfer factor was the use of raw cabbage, which was part of 3 salads, including cabbage salad, vinaigrette, cabbage with beans. The isolation of one type of the causative agent of salmonellosis from patients and from environmental objects is evidence of a link between cases of diseases and food contaminated with this pathogen. The well-established organization of operational interaction in the anti-epidemic work of infectious, epidemiological services and laboratory network in the system of sanitary-epidemiological service and health care allowed to establish a cause-and-effect relationship of the occurrence of group morbidity in the shortest possible time, to localize the focus within 7 days.

Integral Assessment of Water Quality in the Volga River Basin According to Monitoring Data in the 21st Century

The Volga River has been the main Russian river for several centuries. The river, originating on the Valdai Hills, crosses several natural and climatic zones on its way to the Caspian Sea: from the southern taiga to the dry steppes of the Caspian Lowland. According to the latest data, 45% of industrial enterprises and 50% of agricultural production in Russia are concentrated in the river basin. The anthropogenic load on the river with its tributaries and their basins significantly exceeds the load on other large Russian rivers. The largest contaminated wastewater volumes fall on the share of Moscow, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Saratov, Ufa, Volgograd, Balakhna, Tolyatti, Ulyanovsk, Cherepovets, Naberezhnye Chelny and other large cities. All these negative processes occur against the background of ongoing climate change. The article analyzes the Roshydromet hydrochemical monitoring data of river waters in the Volga River basin for the 2000–2021 period by water bodies and federal subjects. Regardless of the year water content, almost 70% of hydrochemical monitoring stations in the Volga River basin correspond to the third quality class (“polluted”). An integral assessment of the water quality in the Volga River basin shows that the situation has not changed significantly since the end of the last century. To improve the ecological condition of the Volga River basin, it is necessary to implement a set of measures for the protection and reproduction of water resources in catchment areas, rationalize water use systems, and reduce the volume of freshwater intake. Reducing water consumption is a necessary condition for reducing the wastewater volume discharged and, consequently, the number of pollutants contained in it. One of the problems is that almost all types of water use harm the surface waters’ natural quality, including the Volga River basin.

Development of micromodels of traffic flows, taking into account environmental factors

The article considers an actual problem of organizing a safe and sustainable urban transport system. We have examined the existing positive global experience in both infrastructural and managerial decisions. Then to assess possible solutions at the stage of infrastructure design, we have developed the simulation micromodels of transport network sections of the medium-sized city (Naberezhnye Chelny) with a rectangular building type. The models make it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the traffic flow, under which pollutant emissions from cars would not lead to high concentrations of pollutants. Also, the model allows to obtain the calculated values of the volume of emissions of pollutants and the parameters of the traffic flow (speed, time of passage of the section, etc.). On specific examples, the proposed method’s effectiveness is shown. Case studies of cities of different sizes and layouts are implementation examples and possible uses proposed by the models. This study has shown the rationality of the suggested solution at the stage of assessing infrastructure projects and choosing the best option for sustainable transport development. The proposed research method is universal and can be applied in any city.

Разработка нормативов обеспеченности детского населения в ультразвуковых исследованиях.

Ultrasound examination is the most popular among other diagnostic methods. In pediatrics, ultrasound diagnostics has additional advantages due to its painlessness and lack of radiation exposure. However, there are a number of problems in regulating the activities of ultrasound diagnostics offices and departments, namely the standards for providing the children’s population with ultrasound examinations both for children’s city clinics and for children’s hospitals. These indicators are necessary for planning ultrasound activities in pediatrics and monitoring the availability of ultrasound in pediatric medical organizations. To calculate the indicator of the provision of ultrasound services to the child population, annual reports of ultrasound examination rooms and departments in 13 pediatric medical organizations in Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny, including 10 clinics and 3 hospitals, were analyzed. The annual number of ultrasound scans was compared to the size of the attached child population (for clinics) and the number of hospitalized patients (for hospitals). It turned out that the number of ultrasound scans varies significantly in different clinics. The average number of ultrasound scans per year in the clinic was calculated – the coverage of the child population in ultrasound, which amounted to 918 ultrasound scans per 1000 children’s population in the clinic, and in the hospital there are 114–390 ultrasound scans per 100 hospitalized patients. Using the presented algorithm for calculating the need for ultrasound in a children’s hospital and in a children’s clinic, it becomes possible to plan the activities of ultrasound diagnostic rooms and departments in pediatrics, and the ability to control the availability of ultrasound examinations for children.

Assessment of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among employees of medical organizations in the Republic of Tatarstan

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the new coronavirus infection pandemic, preventive measures aimed at combating the spread of the pathogen and preventing the development of severe forms of infection and deaths have improved. Despite the absence of a legally established, generally accepted post-vaccination protective value of antibodies to coronavirus, the study of the presence of antibodies and the determination of their amount in the blood serum of the vaccinated population continues.
 AIM: This study presents the results of post-vaccination humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in medical organizations regardless of their infectious disease history.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved employees of medical organizations of the State Autonomous Health Institution Republican Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan named after Professor A.G. Ge in Kazan and the State Autonomous Health Institution City Polyclinic No. 3 in Naberezhnye Chelny. Three hundred ninety-three people (including 350 women) were vaccinated with the two-component vaccine GamCovidVac (Sputnik V). After a sufficient amount of time passed for the formation of an immune response, more than 21 days. The blood sera of these 393 people were examined for the determination of specific IgG to SARS-CoV-2 by enzyme immunoassay using the Vector-Best kit (Novosibirsk, Russia). Statistical analysis was performed using StatTech v.3.0.9 (developer, Stattech LLC, Russia).
 RESULTS: The median age of the subjects was 47 (Q1Q3: 3959) years. The mean antibody titer level was 570 (Q1Q3: 1281150 BAU/ml). A correlation analysis of the relationship between titer levels and age at the time of vaccination was performed. According to the results, a weak direct relationship was established. There was no connection when assessing the antibody titer level dependence on vaccination duration after the second component at the time of checking the titers.
 CONCLUSIONS: The ongoing pandemic of a new coronavirus infection with the emergence of new forms of the disease caused by other virus strains, the improvement in prevention methods, requires constant monitoring of the epidemiological situation with the study of the vaccine effectiveness, including the cellular level.

Акустическое загрязнение улично-дорожной среды автомобильным транспортом

The article analyzes the noise negative impact of motor transport on people. The existing methods of reducing the noise impact from vehicles are described. The results of field studies of the intensity of traffic flows and measurements of the noise exposure level in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny are presented. A significant excess of the maximum permissible noise level is specified. A possible option for improving the environmental situation on the considered section of the road network due to the installation of noise screens is proposed.

СНИЖЕНИЕ НЕГАТИВНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКОГО ИМИТАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

As part of the study, an analysis of the statistics of road accidents in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny was carried out. The most emergency section of the road network has been identified, field studies have been carried out and a simulation model has been built. Three options for improving the situation at this site are proposed, simulation models are built for all, virtual experiments are conducted, the results are analyzed in order to identify.

Actors in the development of non-capital industrial cities of Tatarstan in the vision and assessment of their residents

The purpose of the article the author sees as the identification of actors of non-capital industrial cities of Tatarstan, the clarification of their relationship and forms of participation in urban development. The activities of urban communities and their leaders are considered in the article from the standpoint of its perception by residents, in terms of influencing their decision to stay in the city/leave it.
 The exploratory nature of the study led to the use of the method of group problem-oriented interviews carried out by the author in 2021 during reconnaissance field trips to the cities of Tatarstan: Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk, Almetyevsk, Zelenodolsk. They took place in families that made it possible to increase the number of interviewees, compare the opinions of different generations and achieve a comfortable atmosphere for conducting interviews, and were accompanied by notes.
 The study preliminary confirmed the hypothesis that the key players in non-capital industrial settlements in Russia are the municipal authorities and communities that develop around their leading enterprises. The significance of both in different cities varies, that depends on the industry, functional affiliation of industries and a number of subjective factors, primarily on the ability of leaders-managers to build a strategy and tactics of participation in urban processes. The main forms of such participation for manufacturing companies are: social support for employees, sponsorship of city events, inclusion in regional programmes to improve the urban environment and the implementation of their own projects in the field of healthcare, specialised and general education, sports, culture, and city spaces. Representatives of the city administration more often perform not only managerial functions, but also act as a link between the actors of urban processes. Individual small and medium-sized businesses take part in the latter, and the role of cultural workers depends on the development of the cultural environment of the city. The practices of urban activists are limited to single actions, although activism is revealed at the level of courtyards and volunteer movements. It has been empirically confirmed that a significant contribution to the development of the cities of Tatarstan is made by regional authorities. In the indicated context, the life strategies of citizens reveal complex trajectories that depend, among other things, on the activities of the actors under consideration that affect the level and quality of life in the city, and residents´ opportunities for self-realisation.

THE USE OF VARIOUS BEHAVIORAL MODELS IN STUDYING THE RESPONSE OF RATS UNDER THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE AEROIONS

The aim of the work was to evaluate the behavior of laboratory rats under the influence of negative air ions using various behavioral models. To create an excess of negative air ions, a Hippocrates ionizer (Enterprise Energia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia) was used. The exposure was carried out daily for 2 hours for 18-20 days. Wistar rats were used in the work. It was found that according to the open field test, under the influence of negative air ions, the level of indicators reflecting vertical and horizontal motor activity increased; decreased grooming rates and the number of bowel movements; the frequency of examination of holes increased. According to the elevated plus maze test, the number of visits to open and closed arms, hanging from open arms significantly increased with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency and duration of grooming, a decrease in the duration and number of freezes. The index of anxiety in the studies changed insignificantly. On the model of a black-and-white chamber, the time spent by rats in the dark and light compartments varied. The rats of the experimental group spent more time in the open space of the test, there was a significant increase in the exits and the duration of the time of looking out from the dark into the light compartments. In general, according to the behavioral models used, keeping animals in an environment enriched with air ions led to significant changes in the behavior of animals, increasing activity, emotional reactivity and stress resistance.

ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАУЧНОЙ КАРЬЕРЫ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ГОРОДАХ

Objective of the study. The article discusses the features of the formation of values and the development of the scientific career of young scientists in different cities. The authors consid­er how different spaces and the peculiarities of the development of such spaces form both the meanings of a scientific career for young sci­entists and the value orientations of young sci­entists. The methodological basis of the research. As part of the study, the authors assess the role of the city as a center for the formation of a sci­entific career, as well as the formation of val­ues and the role of research and development in research among young scientists. The study also considers the integration of young scien­tists into the research environment and the fea­tures of such integration. Particular attention is paid to the meanings of a scientific career that young scientists invest in their development and research trajectories. In the conclusion of the study, the authors conclude about the influence  of the city on the career development and values of research and science in young scientists. The empirical basis of the research is 30 bio­graphical interviews with young scientists from different cities. In particular, from a young city and cities-large research centers (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Naberezhnye Chelny).   Research results. The study identifies the fea­tures of the local environment of cities and the formation of various tracks in the scientific career of young scientists. In the city - a large research center, the value orientations and ca­reers of young scientists can be presented in an already formed form. Prospects of the study. The problems of young cities, namely cities with emerging research in­frastructure, may be related to the fact that the “depersonalization” of science as a local social institution is caused by the fact that there is a discrepancy (contradiction) between the local and academic identity of research scientists who carry out their activities and live in the same ter­ritory at the current time.   &nbsp

Development of the water and environmental framework within the borders of Naberezhny Chelny city, Republic of Tatarstan

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of a water-ecological framework in the coastal part of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. The preservation of recreational areas, the development of coastal areas, their connection into a single green frame with the integration of development are one of the main aspects of an urbanized city. The study area was divided into 4 parts, each of which has its own problems. It is proposed to transform these parts on the basis of the analyzed public spaces near the water of domestic and foreign cities. As a result, measures were formulated and solutions were found for conceptual development in the study area to create a single water-green frame of the city, which will make it possible to turn Naberezhnye Chelny into a city with natural sustainable development.

Features of life goals of residents of the russian province

The work is devoted to the results of a sociological study of life goals conducted by the author in 2021 in Naberezhnye Chelny. The study allowed us to identify 4 blocks of life goals, the most pronounced among the 460 respondents surveyed.