Populations Of Myzus Persicae Research Articles

Analysis of biological organic extract of plants in suppressing aphid (Myzus persicae) infestations

Myzus persicae commonly known as the peach-potato aphid, poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, particularly in potato cultivation, where infestations lead to substantial yield losses and quality degradation. In this study, we investigated the potential of botanical extracts from neem (Azadirachta indica), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), and bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) in controlling Myzus persicae infestations. Experimental trials were conducted to assess the mortality effects of these botanical extracts on Myzus persicae populations. Results revealed that neem extract exhibited the highest mortality effect, with an impressive 97.7% mortality rate. Clove and black pepper extracts followed closely, demonstrating mortality rates of 92.2% and 77.7%, respectively. In contrast, bay leaf extract exhibited the least mortality effect, with only 48.8% mortality observed.

Insect Pest Complex on Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.) and their Correlation with Weather Parameters in Medziphema, Nagaland

Field experiment was conducted to study the insect pest complex and their incidence on cauliflower during rabi season of 2021-2022 in the Entomological farm, SASRD, Medziphema, Nagaland. Fourteen insect pests were found to attack the crop at different stages of crop growth. Out of these, Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae and Cabbage butterfly, Pieris spp. were considered as major insect pests of cauliflower. The peak population of Green peach aphid (8.74 aphids/leaf) and Cabbage butterfly (4.10 larva /plant) was observed on 17th December and 12th February, respectively. The population of Myzus persicae showed a non-significant negative relation with maximum (r = -0.320) and minimum (r = -0.311) temperature, while positive relation with maximum (r = 0.028) and minimum (r = 0.249) relative humidity as well as rainfall (r = 0.021). The population of Pieris spp. showed a non-significant negative correlation with maximum (r = -0.484) temperature, whereas a significant negative correlation was observed with minimum (r = -0.550) temperature. Correlation of relative humidity with the incidence of Pieris spp. exhibited a non-significant negative correlation with maximum (r = -0.078) and minimum (r = -0.162) relative humidity, while rainfall exhibited a non-significant positive correlation (r = 0.235).

Pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in Czech populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from oilseed rape.

Failures in controlling Myzus persicae by pyrethroids and carbamates have been observed in Czechia since 2018. Eleven populations collected from Czech oilseed rape fields during 2018-2021 were tested for susceptibility to 11 insecticides. The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) leading to knockdown resistance in M. persicae populations was screened using allelic discriminating quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The presence of mutations related with the resistance of M. persicae to pyrethroids and carbamates was detected by sequencing paratype voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 2 genes, respectively. Resistance to alpha-cypermethrin and pirimicarb was detected in most of the tested populations. The L1014F mutation was detected in 44.5% of M. persicae individuals surviving the field-recommended dose of alpha-cypermethrin. Sequencing of partial para gene for paratype voltage-gated sodium channel detected five different SNPs leading to four amino acid substitutions (kdr L1014F; s-kdr M918L; s-kdr M918T; and L932F). No pyrethroid-sensitive genotype was detected. The S431F amino acid substitution conferring resistance to carbamates was detected in 11 of 20 individuals with different pyrethroid-resistance genotypes. Resistance of M. persicae to both pyrethroids and carbamates was detected in nine of 11 populations. High resistance of M. persicae was correlated with mutations of the sodium channel. Sulfoxaflor, flonicamid, and spirotetramat are proposed as effective compounds to control pyrethroid- and carbamate-resistant populations of M. persicae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

An Efficient Breeding Method for Eupeodes corollae (Diptera: Syrphidae), a Pollinator and Insect Natural Enemy in Facility-Horticulture Crops

Facility horticulture plays a crucial role in modern agriculture by utilizing the environment efficiently and ensuring food supply. The hoverfly Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) performs a dual ecological function in facility agriculture as larvae prey on aphids and adults pollinate, but it is not widely applied in agriculture due to the lack of a large-scale breeding technology. In this study, we investigated the effects of different factors on the development and reproduction of the prey (i.e., aphids), eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of E. corollae, and determined its propagation techniques. We transferred five pairs of newly emerging E. corollae adults and 40 broad bean plantlets infested with Aphis craccivora Koch to an insect cage. Aphid-infested broad bean seedlings were replaced each day to encourage E. corollae reproduction. Following hatching, we fed the E. corollae larvae with mixed populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Megour japonica Matsumura and A. craccivora in insect boxes, and covered E. corollae pupae with fresh broad bean leaves. Based on the experiment results, an average female E. corollae produced 584.9 eggs. Survival, pupation and emergence rates were 91.1%, 100% and 96.3%, respectively. In conclusion, each pair of E. corollae adults produced 391 adult offspring (58.8% females). This research supplies an optimized mass-breeding technique for commercial production of the hoverfly, which will be helpful to promote its application in the production of green fruits and vegetables.

Acetamiprid Resistance in the Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Selection, Cross-Resistance, Biochemical and Molecular Resistance Mechanisms

Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a polyphagous pest that causes significant losses in many crops. In the present study, the biochemical and molecular mechanism of acetamiprid resistance in a laboratory-selected Myzus persicae population of which the resistance ratios reached 57.5-fold were investigated. This study was conducted in the Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Plant Protection in 2018 and 2020. Synergism, biochemical and molecular assays showed the absence of increased P450 activity in selected population. In addition, no point mutation in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), the target-site of neonicotinoids including acetamiprid, was detected in the selected population. These results suggests that high level of acetamiprid resistance might be developed via the mechanisms other than well-known mechanisms, such as increased P450 activity and target-site mutations. The population selected with acetamiprid showed decreased susceptibility to imidacloprid, sulfaxaflor, beta-cyfluthrin, and tau-fluvanite ranging from 1.54 to 4.76. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to support cross-resistance by Myzus persicae populations having different genetic backgrounds.

Impact of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation R81T on the response of European Myzus persicae populations to imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor in laboratory and in the field

Sulfoxaflor (Isoclast™ active) is a sulfoximine insecticide that is active on a broad range of sap-feeding insects, including species that exhibit reduced susceptibility to currently available insecticides. Colonies of Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) were established from aphids collected in the field from peach (Prunus persica) and nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchards in France, Italy and Spain. The presence of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) point mutation R81T was determined for all the colonies. Eight of the 35 colonies collected were susceptible relative to R81T (i.e., R81T absent), three of the colonies were found to be homozygous for R81T while 24 colonies had R81T present in some proportion (heterozygous). Sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid were tested in the laboratory against these M. persicae field colonies, which exhibited a wide range of susceptibilities (sulfoxaflor RR = 0.6 to 61, imidacloprid RR = 0.7 to 986) (resistance ratios, RR) to both insecticides. Although sulfoxaflor was consistently more active than imidacloprid against these field collected M. persicae, there was a statistically significant correlation across all colonies between the RRs for imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor (Pearson's r = 0.939, p < 0.0001). However, when a larger group of the colonies from Spain possessing R81T were analyzed, there was no correlation observed for the RRs between imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor (r = 0.2901, p = 0.3604). Thus, consistent with prior studies, the presence of R81T by itself is not well correlated with altered susceptibility to sulfoxaflor. In field trials, sulfoxaflor (24 and 36 gai/ha) was highly effective (~avg. 88–96% control) against M. persicae, demonstrating similar levels of efficacy as flonicamid (60–70 gai/ha) and spirotetramat (100–180 gai/ha) at 13–15 days after application, in contrast to imidacloprid (110–190 gai/ha) and acetamiprid (50–75 gai/ha) with lower levels of efficacy (~avg. 62–67% control). Consequently, sulfoxaflor is an effective tool for use in insect pest management programs for M. persicae. However, it is recommended that sulfoxaflor be used in the context of an insecticide resistance management program as advocated by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee involving rotation with insecticides possessing other modes of action (i.e., avoiding rotation with other Group 4 insecticides) to minimize the chances for resistance development and to extend its future utility.

Impact of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mutation R81t on the Response of European Myzus Persicae Populations to Imidacloprid and Sulfoxaflor in Laboratory and in the Field

Impact of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mutation R81t on the Response of European Myzus Persicae Populations to Imidacloprid and Sulfoxaflor in Laboratory and in the Field

Relationship Between Resistance Against Neonicotinoids and Esterase Enzyme for Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera:Aphididae) Populations in South of Turkey

In this study, the development of imidacloprid and acetamiprid resistance in Myzus persicae populations and the relationship between neonicotinoid resistance and esterase enzyme were investigated in seven Myzus persicae populations which is collected from greenhouse pepper production areas in 2018. In order to determine the resistance ratios of aphid populations against the insecticides, 1 control and 6 doses were used. Each insecticide dose was used in 3 replicates and 25 adult female individuals were used in each replication. For imidacloprid, the highest and the lowest resistance ratios were found to be 6.88 and 3.19-fold, in K-4 and D populations, respectively. For acetamiprid, the highest and the lowest resistance ratios were found to be 7.35 and 2.72-fold, in K-1 and E-2 populations, respectively. Also, highest and lowest esterase activities were found to be 2.60 and 1.75 mOD min-1 mg-1 in K-4 and E-2 populations, respectively. According to the results of this study, imidacloprid and acetamiprid resistance determined in some Myzus persicae populations may be related to esterase enzyme. However, detailed studies are required to establish a clear relationship between resistance and enzyme.

Resistance status of Myzus persicae to pesticide and its relationship with enzymes

AbstractThis study determined the resistance to five different insecticides, and assessed the change in enzymes in three Myzus persicae populations in Liuyang, Guiyang, and Longshan tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)‐growing areas in Hunan province, China. The activities of the detoxification, protective, and digestive enzymes were determined using biochemical analysis. Results indicated that the Liuyang population had high resistance to Imidacloprid, and moderate resistance to Aacetamiprid and Cyhalothrin. The Longshan population showed low resistance to Phoxim, while the Liuyang and Guiyang populations both exhibited reduced susceptibility. All three populations exhibited reduced susceptibility to Methomyl. Field populations exhibited higher activity of detoxification enzymes [acetylcholinesterase (AchE), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and mixed‐function oxidase (MFO)], protective enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and peroxidase [POD]), and digestive enzymes (amylase [AMS]) than the susceptible population. The Liuyang population showed the highest detoxification, protective, and digestive enzyme activity of all aphid populations. The AchE activity and resistance level to acetamiprid was significantly, positively correlated. The CarE, CAT, and AMS activity and resistance to Imidacloprid were also significantly, positively correlated. The correlation between enzyme activity and resistance to methomyl was negative, except for AchE. When CarE, CAT, and AMS activity was up to 60, aphids exhibited low resistance to Imidacloprid, and when AchE activity was up to 90, aphids exhibited medium resistance to Imidacloprid. These results provide the theoretical basis for predicting regional resistance of M. persicae to Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid, which can be used to delay evolution of resistance of M. persicae to insecticides in the field.

Host food preference, screening and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia in Myzus persicae populations

Host food preference, screening and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia in Myzus persicae populations

STUDY REGARDING THE APHIDOFAGOUS FAUNA STRUCTURE IN THE PEACH ORCHARDS FROM CONSTANTA COUNTY IN 2020

"The cosmopolitan aphid species Myzus persicae is a key pest of peach orchards in south and southeastern Romania. The phenomenon of resistance induced by the intensive use of insecticides is a matter of concern for farmers and protectionists, making necessary integrated measure for the control of this pest. Conservation of natural enemy’s populations is an essential component of any management system proposed for pest aphids. The aim of the study was to determine the structure of predatory insects associated with Myzus persicae populations in peach orchards. The research was carried out in three orchards from two localities from Constanta County, in peach plantations with Springcrest variety aged 7, 11 and 12 years. As a result of this study, there were determined a total of 15 predatory insect species belonging to eight systematic families: Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Syrphydae, Cecidomyiidae, Panorpidae, Nabidae and Forficulidae, which naturally contribute to the reduction of the green peach aphid populations. "

Population of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and insect diversity on intercropping potatoes with other plants which planting at different time

Crop management has long been known influenced the development of pest populations on agroecosystem. Arrangement of crop by intercropping system on potato field expected to increase insect diversity and suppress populations of Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer). Crop management consists of sole potato, potato with cabbage, potato with celery, Potato with onion, potato with mustard, potato with bean and potato with carrot. The intercrop plants were planting at different time that is one week after potato, two weeks after potato and three weeks after potato. Observation and identification of insect begin at three weeks until 11 weeks after potato planting with an interval two weeks. The results showed that the planting time of intercrop plant no significant effect on the population of M. persicae and insect diversity index. The interaction of planting time and kind of intercrop plant has significant effect on population M. persicae and insect diversity index. There are different population dynamics of green peach aphid in different crop management. Obsevation at 9th week after planting indicate that the lowest number of aphid found respectively in intercropping potatoes with celery, potato with mustard and cabbage. The interaction of planting time and kind of intercrop plant has significant effect on insect diversity index. Observation for insect diversity showed that the highest insect diversity index found at intercropping potato with mustard, potato with bean and potato with cabbage for all observation. In order to increasing the insect diversity, a few natural enemies of M. persicae found in the agro-ecosystem.

Coccinellidae, Syrphidae and Aphidoletes are key mortality factors for Myzus persicae in tropical regions: A case study on cabbage crops

Natural factors regulate Myzus persicae populations in Brassicaceae crops. Ecological life table analysis is a robust tool that allows the estimation of the mortality caused by these factors. Here, we report the natural mortality of M. persicae caused by abiotic and biotic factors assessed by cohort life tables in cabbage crops. Together, these factors accounted for 94.6% mortality in M. persicae populations. The key mortality factor was predation by Coccinellidae larvae (Coccinella septempunctata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa and Harmonia axyridis), Syrphidae (Allograpta exotica, Pseudodorus clavatus and Ocyptamus gastrostactus), and Aphidoletes sp. Other mortality factors included parasitism, rainfall, entomopathogens and physiological disturbance (e.g., incomplete molting). This information is essential to implement conservation measures of the main predators (key mortality factor) of M. persicae in cabbage crops.

Predicting Field Generations of The Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Its Predator, Green Lace-Wing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) by Using Heat Units Accumulation and Evaluation of Some Insecticides against Their Populations

Applying a precise forecasting method is necessary to achieve acceptable results in integrated pest management programs.The objectives of this work were to predict the occurrence of population of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) andChrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), determine the influence of temperature and relative humidity on their populationdensities and also to study the effect of five insecticides on the population of these insect species in potato plants under fieldconditions at Nobaria district, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The populations of M. persicae and C. carnea were monitored onpotato plants from February to May of 2015 and 2016 seasons. The population peaks of these insects were predicted using adegree-day model (accumulated thermal units). The obtained results revealed that the green peach aphid has nine fieldgenerations while the green lace-wing has two field generations. The general average of deviations between the expected peakscompared to the observed peaks were -1.333 and -1 days in case of M. persicae, while these averages were +3 and -1 days in caseof green lace-wing in 2015 and 2016 seasons, respectively. The effect of the meteorological factors such as temperature andrelative humidity on population of these insect were studied. The correlation results revealed that the incidence of M. persicaeand C. carnea were significantly and positively correlated in descending order with minimum, mean, and maximum temperaturedegree, respectively. The efficiency of acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, pymetrozine, chlorantraniliprole and pirimicarb on M.persicae and C. carnea populations was determined. These insecticides could be arranged in ascending order as: acetamiprid >thiamethoxam > chlorantraniliprole > pymetrozine > pirimicarb for controlling the green peach aphid. While regarding theirharmful effect on the C. carnea population their order became chlorantraniliprole > pirimicarb > thiamethoxam > acetamiprid >pymetrozine. These results were repeated in both seasons of study, 2015 and 2016.

Influence of neighbouring companion plants on the performance of aphid populations on sweet pepper plants under greenhouse conditions

Companion plants (CPs) may affect the performance of pests on their hosts because of their potential to emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their effectiveness depends not only on the species, but also on their arrangement in the crop system. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of intercropping rosemary, lavender or basil on the performance of Myzus persicae populations on sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annum) under greenhouse conditions. In a first set of experiments, sweet pepper plants were neighboured by either one or two CPs. In another set of experiments, rosemary was tested at three distances (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m) from the host plant. The first set of experiments showed similar patterns of aphid performance (i.e. number of females and nymphs) when a sweet pepper plant was surrounded by one or two companion plants. However, aphid performance was affected more when sweet pepper plants were intercropped with rosemary compared with lavender or basil. The effect of the companion plant decreased significantly with distance. Rosemary was most effective at 0.5 m, although its effectiveness decreased at 1.5 m, becoming insignificant at 2.5 m. The results suggest that a CP may be effective under greenhouse conditions provided that it is located near the target plant.

Arabidopsis thaliana growth more than defense affects Myzus persicae populations

Aphids and other herbivorous insects are able to travel between plants in their environment. While plants cannot directly choose their consumers, they may stop or mitigate the harmful effects of herbivory using secondary metabolites. A salicylic acid (SA) pathway facilitates defense from biotrophic fungi and some necrotrophic pathogens, while a jasmonic acid (JA) pathway is associated with defense from other necrotrophic pathogens and chewing insects. We investigated the effect of deficiency in SA or JA in Arabidopsis thaliana on plant growth and on herbivory by green peach aphids (Myzus persicae). Three ascensions of A. thaliana were placed in two blocks with three aphids on each individual. The genotypes consisted of a SA-deficient ascension (Sid2), a JA-deficient ascension (Lox2), and a wild type (Col). Wild-type A. thaliana showed significantly greater growth relative to the other ascensions, suggesting better performance, as well as dramatically higher aphid count. Aphid count showed a significant positive correlation with plant growth, suggesting that M. persicae is attracted to signs of growth in A. thaliana, or reproduces more on growing plants. It appears that wild-type plants showed greater growth throughout the experiment, and were thus targeted by the highly responsive M. persicae. This behaviour may be exploited for agricultural purposes; herbivorous insects may be diverted to fast-growing trap crops lacking agricultural value in order to protect primary crops. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Chad Harvey

Electrical penetration graph technique as a tool to monitor the early stages of aphid resistance to insecticides.

Sulfoxaflor, a new insecticide from the sulfoximine chemical family, and imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, were tested to assess the susceptibility and feeding behaviour of two populations of Myzus persicae: Mp61, which exhibited target-site R81T resistance to neonicotinoids, and Mp1989, a laboratory clone maintained since 1989 as a susceptible reference. The imidacloprid LC50 value for Mp61 was 16 times higher than for Mp1989, showing a moderate level of resistance. Sulfoxaflor LC50 values for Mp61 and Mp1989 were much closer. The probing behaviour, as assessed by electrical penetration graphs (EPGs), of both populations was clearly altered by sulfoxaflor, which reduced the ability of aphids to find and feed from the phloem. The feeding behaviour of the susceptible Mp1989 population was much more severely affected than the moderately resistant Mp61 population on imidacloprid-treated plants. PCR assays of both aphid populations followed by DNA sequencing identified differences between populations in the point mutation in the β-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor linked to the resistant gene against the neonicotinoid insecticide. Sulfoxaflor provoked feeding cessation more rapidly than imidacloprid in both aphid populations. Sharp differences in feeding behaviour were detected between the susceptible and the moderately resistant neonicotinoid-resistant aphid populations. The EPG technique can be used as a useful tool to give new insights into the functional effects of new chemical compounds and for early detection of low to moderate levels of resistance of sap-feeding insects to insecticides. The potential of this technique was validated by molecular analysis of the R81T mutation target site.

Dramatic Changes in the Genotypic Frequencies of Target Insecticide Resistance in French Populations of &lt;I&gt;Myzus persicae&lt;/I&gt; (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Over the Last Decade

In 2001, although target site resistance against pyrethroids was wide-spread in clonal populations of Myzus persicae on oilseed rape in France (kdr), target site resistance against carbamates was rare. Starting in 2005, control failure by carbamates appeared. The current study was designed to document changes in insecticide-resistant genotype frequencies in France during the last decade. Two resistant genotypes (RGs) were dominant in populations in 2009-2010: RG1 with the kdr 1014F allele (16%), RG2 with the MACE 431F allele and the atypical s-kdr 918L allele (83%). The widespread prevalence of RG2 suggests that a substantial shift has occurred (allele 431F in < 2% individuals in 2001) presumably in response to agrichemicals. Analysis of neutral markers revealed that 2009-2010 populations were composed of two differentiated genetic pools (instead of one in 2001) and that RG2 was found in two divergent superclones of M. persicae. Possible explanations for these observed shifts in population structure and especially for the dramatic increase of the double mutant RG2 are discussed.

Winter prevalence of obligate aphid pathogen Pandora neoaphidis mycosis in the host Myzus persicae populations in southern China: modeling description and biocontrol implication.

Pandora neoaphidis overwintering had been investigated by monitoring its prevalence in Myzus persicae populations in open fields. Cabbage plants in field plots were weekly taken after mycosis initiation, to count and examine the living and dead aphids infected by P. neoaphidis . Based on the field data, infection levels ( I) varied with field temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and aphid count (numbers of living aphids per plant, N) over days ( D), fitting well to the modified logistic equation I =0.91/[1+exp(8.5+(2.0 H T H RH-20.2 NI 0) D)] ( r 2=0.897), where H T indicated daily hours of low temperature (<4°C), H RH daily hours of high air humidity (>90% RH) and I 0 primary infection level. The model demonstrated the abiotic and biotic factors influencing P. neoaphidis mycosis development in winter, and also verifies the fungal overwintering by infecting available host aphids without a resting stage. Ultimately, P. neoaphidis mycosis reduced 81.4% of aphid populations, presenting great potential for biocontrol.

Uncommon associations in target resistance among French populations of Myzus persicae from oilseed rape crops

Within the framework of a molecular exploration of target resistance in populations of Myzus persicae on oilseed rapes in France, (1) the S431F mutation (coding gene ace2), although previously reckoned to be rare, revealed to be frequent, (2) M918L (phenotypically characterised) and L932F (both on para) were found for the first time in M. persicae, and (3) a linkage was revealed between M918L and S431F. While until recently populations developing on French oilseed rapes were dominated by genotypes possessing pyrethroid target resistance and esterase overproduction, to date a different type of dominating genotype, equipped with carbamate and pyrethroid target resistance, seems to be invading such fields.