Myrtaceae Family Research Articles

Constituent content and allelopathic potential of eighteen extracts for the control of Urochloa decumbens under laboratory conditions

Invasive grasses, those of the genus Urochloa act aggressively, thereby inhibiting the germination and growth of native species. We investigated the allelopathic potential and constituent content of different plant species to determine their effect on the germination of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster. Eighteen (18) species from the families Anacardiaceae (1), Annonaceae (6), Euphorbiaceae (1), Fabaceae (2), Myrtaceae (1), Rubiaceae (4), Sapindaceae (2), and Tropaeolaceae (1) were selected to obtain methanolic extracts at 1% (m/v). The total phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, flavonols, and saponins were evaluated by colorimetric methods. To evaluate the allelopathic effect of methanolic extracts 25 seeds from U. decumbens were distributed in Petri dishes containing two sheets of germitest paper and 2 mL of extract, and they were maintained at 25 °C under white light. All methanolic extracts showed total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, and condensed tannins; however, saponin was identified in A. coriacea, A. crassiflora, A. sylvatica, Psychotria carthagenensis, P. leiocarpa, and Tropaeolum majus. Annona dioica (Annonaceae), Stryphnodendron adstringens (Fabaceae), and Palicourea crocea (Rubiaceae) have allelopathic potential and showed decelerated U. decumbens seed germination and inhibited hypocotyl and radicle growth. These findings provide insights into alternative methods for controlling U. decumbens in areas of ecological restoration.

Formulation of Dispersible Ayurvedic Kadha Tablet for the Management of Cold and Cough

The term “Ayurveda” combines the Sanskrit words ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge). It is one of the traditional medicinal systems, with an established history of many centuries. Indian herbs, which are widely used in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines in the form of Kadha to control various respiratory disorders such as, cough, cold and flu. In a traditional Kadha (decoction) preparation, the entire process is done manually Such as boiling, filtering and mixing of medicinal herbs and the aim of this research work was to skip all such manually process. The oral route of drug administration is most extensively used due to the obvious ease of administration. Dispersible tablets are a vital tool in keeping our children and elderly population healthy. Their ease of use and accurate dosing allow higher patient compliance and more reliable therapeutic effects. Medicinal plants and parts as like Tulsi (Rama-Tulsi) (Ocimum Sanctum Linn, family Lamiaceae), Ginger (Zingiber officinale, family Zingiberaceae), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum, family myrtaceae) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa, family Zingiberaceae) were used as a model drug. Phytochemicals present in these herbs, which have significant potential to heal cold and cough. The phytochemicals present in these herbs possess significant anti-inflammatory property. In order to determine the most effective type and optimal amount of superdisintegrants for dispersible tablets different formulation were evaluated. Wet granulation and direct compression methods were tried to develop dispersible tablet. Due to higher moisture in the granules the wet granulation method was not carried out further in the study and direct compress method was selected. Prepared tablets were tested for Appearance, Weight variation, Thickness, Friability (%), Hardness (kg/cm2 ), Disintegration time and IR spectroscopic analysis and finally for six months of stability studies at room temperature, 30ºC/60% RH and at 45ºC/75% RH. Sodium Starch Glycolate was superior to the other disintegrants and the non-fractionated granulation gave adequate dispersion. The ideal concentration was 1.33 % Sodium Starch Glycolate was used for the dispersible tablets

Chemical composition, seasonal variation and antiaging activities of essential oil from Callistemon subulatus leaves growing in Egypt

Callistemon is an aromatic genus of flowering plants belonging to family Myrtaceae. The essential oils of C. subulatus leaves were collected in four seasons and analyzed using GC/MS. The oils demonstrated monoterpenes as the predominant class. Eucalyptol was the main component in all seasons; summer (66.87%), autumn (58.33%), winter (46.74%) and spring (44.63%), followed by α-pinene; spring (31.41%), winter (28.69%), summer (26.34%) and autumn (24.68%). Winter oil, the highest yield (0.53 mL/100g), was further investigated for its inhibitory activity against enzymes associated with ageing; elastase and acetylcholinesterase. It remarkably inhibited elastase and acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 1.05 and 0.20 µg/ml, respectively. A molecular docking study was conducted for the major oil components on the active sites of target enzymes. Eucalyptol revealed the best binding affinity for both enzymes. C. subualtus oil could be used as supplement for management of ageing disorders like skin wrinkles and dementia.

Diversity and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from salam (Syzygium polyanthum)

Abstract. Widjajanti H, Elfita, Sari MT, Hidayati N, Hariani PL, Setiawan A. 2023. Diversity and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Biodiversitas 24: 3051-3062. Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) is a medicinal plant from the family Myrtaceae. The leaves are used as a spice and treat diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ulcers, diarrhea, gastritis, and skin. This study aimed to determine endophytic fungi's diversity and antioxidant activity in the S. polyanthum plant. In addition, the distribution of endophytic fungi found on S. polyanthum was compared to that of previously reported endophytic fungi on other species of Syzygium. The distribution pattern of these endophytic fungi is needed to determine the presence of potential endophytic fungi that can live in host plants of the same genus. The endophytic fungi were isolated from fresh root bark, stem bark, and leaf tissues of S. polyanthum. The endophytic fungi were identified morphologically to determine their level of diversity; their extract was then tested for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The extract that showed the highest antioxidant activity was identified molecularly. A total of 18 endophytic fungi were obtained from S. polyanthum, including seven isolates from root bark (HSA1–HSA7), four isolates from stem bark (HSB1–HSB4), and seven isolates from leaves (HSD1–HSD7). The morphological identification showed seven genera scattered in all investigated parts: Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Pythium, Papulaspora, Pythiogeton, and Clonostachys. The HSD5 isolate showed the best antioxidant activity, and the molecular identification confirmed this isolate as Clonostachys rosea. The comparison of the distribution of endophytic fungi isolated from S. polyanthum to endophytic fungi isolated from the host genus Syzygium showed that endophytic fungi of three genera, namely Clonostachys, Papulaspora, and Pythiogeton, are specifically found on S. polyanthum. In addition, those of four other genera, namely Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Pythium, are found on other species of Syzygium.

Penentuan kandungan antioksidan dan fenolik total dari 5 spesies tumbuhan Famili Myrtaceae

Plants that come from the Myrtaceae family are plants that are found in the tropics. These plants are widely used by the community as spices or medicinal ingredients. The research conducted aims to determine the antioxidant content and total phenolic content of 5 types of leaves of this plant. The total antioxidant content was determined using the MPM (Modified Phenanthroline Method) method while the total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Based on the research that has been done, it is found that the largest antioxidant content is found in the leaves of the Syzigium malaccence) plant 122.73 ± 3.10 mg AA/g DW while the largest total phenolic content is found in the leaves of the plant (Psidium guajava) 58.84 ± 1.86 mg GAE/g DW.

Reference gene selection for qRT-PCR normalization of gene expression analysis in Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. under abiotic stresses and hormonal stimuli

Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. is among the most significant aromatic plants belonging to the Myrtaceae family, and its essential oil has various biological activities. However, the key enzymes involved in essential oil biosynthesis and their expression patterns are not clearly understood. Appropriate reference genes are required for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), sensitive for gene expression studies, to obtain reliable results. In this study, 14 candidate genes, namely ACT, 18S, α-TUB, β-TUB, GAPDH, EF1-α, UBQ, UBC, CYP, EIF-4A, DNAJ, PP2A, TIP41, and UBX, were selected from the M. bracteata transcriptome datasets for analysis under abiotic stresses and hormonal stimuli. The stability of these genes was analyzed using three widely used software programs (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper). Their results were integrated into a comprehensive ranking by geometric mean. According to the study results, TIP41 and CYP were the most stable genes for abiotic stresses, while TIP41 and UBQ were the most stable genes for hormonal stimulation. Further, TIP41 and CYP were the most stable reference genes across all tested samples, whereas ACT was the least stable. Based on the expression of two target genes (COMT1 and COMT2, which are involved in methyleugenol biosynthesis), the suitability of the selected reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization was further verified. The study results could offer a foundation for gene expression analysis and functional studies in M. bracteata and other Melaleuca species.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Triterpenoid dari Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) serta Uji Sitotoksik Menggunakan Metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)

The bay plant (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) is a member of the myrtaceae family. The most widely used part of the bay plant is the bay leaf. The leaves of this plant are often used as traditional medicine to treat gout, diarrhea, diabetes, and high blood pressure. This study aims to isolate and determine the characteristics of triterpenoid compounds from ethyl acetate extract of bay leaves. Isolation was carried out by column chromatography method with SGP (Step Gradient Polarity) elution system, then the isolated compound was purified by recrystallization method and obtained in the form of white crystals weighing 0.0188 g. TLC results showed a single purple spot after being treated with Liebermann Buschard reagent with a melting point range of 137-139 oC. The results of the UV spectrum data showed no conjugated double bonds and the results of the FTIR spectrum data showed the presence of hydroxyl groups, C-O alcohols, C-H alkanes, C=C alkenes, geminal dimethyl which are characteristic of triterpenoid compounds. Cytotoxic activity testing was carried out using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Ethyl acetate extract and methanol extract had strong cytotoxic activity with LC50 values 316.23 mg/L and 234.42 mg/L respectively, while the hexane extract was weak with an LC50 value of 1148.15 mg/L.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg unveils the evolutionary dynamics in plastomes of Myrteae DC. Tribe (Myrtaceae)

Myrteae is the most diversified tribe in the Myrtaceae family and has great ecological and economic importance. Here, we performed the assembly and annotation of the chloroplast genome of Eugenia klotzschiana O. Berg and used this in a comparative analysis with other 13 species from the Myrteae tribe. The E. klotzschiana plastome exhibited a length of 158,977 bp and a very conserved structure and gene composition when compared with other Myrteae genomes. We identified 34 large repetitive sequences and 94 SSR repeats in E. klotzschiana plastome. The trnT-trnL, rpl32-trnL, ndhF-rpl32, psbE-petL, and ycf1 regions were identified as mutational hotspots. A negative selection signal was detected in 74 protein-coding genes while neutral evolution was detected in two genes (rps12 and psaI). Furthermore, 222 RNA editing sites were identified in the E. klotzschiana plastome. We also obtained a plastome-based Myrtales phylogenetic tree, including E. klotzschiana for the first time in a molecular phylogeny, recovering its sister relationship for all other Eugenia species. Our results illuminate how evolution shaped the chloroplast genome structure and composition in the Myrteae tribe, especially in the E. klotzschiana plastome.

Dihydroxyacetone in the Floral Nectar of Ericomyrtus serpyllifolia (Turcz.) Rye (Myrtaceae) and Verticordia chrysantha Endl. (Myrtaceae) Demonstrates That This Precursor to Bioactive Honey Is Not Restricted to the Genus Leptospermum (Myrtaceae).

Ma̅nuka honey is known for its strong bioactivity, which arises from the autocatalytic conversion of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (dihydroxyacetone, DHA) in the floral nectar of Leptospermum scoparium (Myrtaceae) to the non-peroxide antibacterial compound methylglyoxal during honey maturation. DHA is also a minor constituent of the nectar of several other Leptospermum species. This study used high-performance liquid chromatography to test whether DHA was present in the floral nectar of five species in other genera of the family Myrtaceae: Ericomyrtus serpyllifolia (Turcz.) Rye, Chamelaucium sp. Bendering (T.J. Alford 110), Kunzea pulchella (Lindl.) A.S. George, Verticordia chrysantha Endl., and Verticordia picta Endl. DHA was found in the floral nectar of two of the five species: E. serpyllifolia and V. chrysantha. The average amount of DHA detected was 0.08 and 0.64 μg per flower, respectively. These findings suggest that the accumulation of DHA in floral nectar is a shared trait among several genera within the family Myrtaceae. Consequently, non-peroxide-based bioactive honey may be sourced from floral nectar outside the genus Leptospermum.

A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND TRADITIONAL THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF SYZYGIUM MALACCENSE (L.)

Syzygium malaccense (L.)(Pomerac) belonging to the Myrtaceae family is widely grown in many countries. This plant spp. is frequently utilised in traditional medicine. The Myrtaceae family plant Syzygium malaccense (L.), also known as the "Malay apple," is grown extensively around the world. Because of its abundance in phytochemicals such as polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, polysaccharides, and organic acids, this plant is frequently utilised in traditional medicine and has significant potential for application in contemporary therapeutics. This study's main objective is to review and compile all the information that is currently known about the bark and leaves of Syzygium malaccense (L.), with an emphasis on their nutritional value, bioactive components, and potential medical applications. Using the terms of Syzygium malaccense, chemical components and medicinal uses of Pomerac. Further searched were journals, books, and conference proceedings.The majority of studies backed up and supplied evidence for the claim that Syzygium malaccense (L.) and its active ingredients are crucial in the prevention of chronic and degenerative diseases linked to oxidative stress. Our findings imply that further investigation is necessary to develop a potential method that might balance the pomerac's pharmacological and hazardous effects, and that a standardised fingerprint of Syzygium malaccense (L.)is necessary for quality control on a global scale.

Impact of Eucalyptus maculata Hook resin exudate constituents on reducing COX-2 gene expression: In-vivo anti-inflammatory, molecular docking and dynamics studies

Ethnopharmacological relevanceEucalyptus maculata Hook from the Myrtaceae family is a native Australian plant that is frequently cultivated in Egypt. Many Eucalyptus species, including E. maculata, were widely used by the Dharawal, the indigenous Australian people, for their anti-inflammatory properties. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of E. maculata resin exudate, its methylene chloride and n-butanol fractions, as well as the isolated compounds. Materials and methods: the ethanol extract was partitioned by methylene chloride, and n-butanol saturated with water. The fractions were chromatographed to isolate pure compounds. In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract, the fractions at a dose of 200 mg/kg, and the isolated compounds (20 mg/kg) was estimated using carrageenan-induced rat paws edema method against indomethacin (20 mg/kg). The activity was supported by histopathological and biochemical parameters. Results: Three isolated compounds were identified as aromadendrin (C1), 7-O-methyl aromadendrin (C2), and naringenin (C3). Our findings demonstrated that the tested fractions significantly reduced the paw edema starting from the 3rd to the 5th hour as compared to the positive control, compounds C2 and C3 showed the greatest significant reduction in paw edema. The ethanol extract, fractions, C2, and C3 demonstrated an anti-inflammatory potential through reducing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2, as well as COX-2 protein expression compared to the negative control. These results were supported by molecular docking, which revealed that the isolated compounds had high affinity to target COX-1 and COX-2 active sites with docking scores ranging from −7.3 to −9.6 kcal mol−1 when compared to ibubrofen (−7.8 and −7.4 kcal mol−1, respectively). Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed and confirmed the docking results. Conclusion: The results supported the traditional anti-inflammatory potency of E. maculata Hook, and the biochemical mechanisms underlying this activity were highlighted, opening up new paths for the development of potent herbal anti-inflammatory medicine. Finally, our findings revealed that E. maculata resin constituents could be considered as promising anti-inflammatory drug candidates.

Novel Derivatives of Eugenol as a New Class of PPARγ Agonists in Treating Inflammation: Design, Synthesis, SAR Analysis and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity.

The main objective of this research was to develop novel compounds from readily accessed natural products especially eugenol with potential biological activity. Eugenol, the principal chemical constituent of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) from the family Myrtaceae is renowned for its pharmacological properties, which include analgesic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. According to reports, PPARγ regulates inflammatory reactions. The synthesized compounds were structurally analyzed using FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy techniques. Molecular docking was performed to analyze binding free energy and important amino acids involved in the interaction between synthesized derivatives and the target protein. The development of the structure-activity relationship is based on computational studies. Additionally, the stability of the best-docked protein-ligand complexes was assessed using molecular dynamic modeling. The in-vitro PPARγ competitive binding Lanthascreen TR-FRET assay was used to confirm the affinity of compounds to the target protein. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using an albumin denaturation assay and HRBC membrane stabilization at varying concentrations from 6.25 to 400 µM. In this background, with the aid of computational research, we were able to design six novel derivatives of eugenol synthesized, analyzed, and utilized TR-FRET competitive binding assay to screen them for their ability to bind PPARγ. Anti-inflammatory activity evaluation through in vitro albumin denaturation and HRBC method revealed that 1f exhibits maximum inhibition of heat-induced albumin denaturation at 50% and 85% protection against HRBC lysis at 200 and 400 µM, respectively. Overall, we found novel derivatives of eugenol that could potentially reduce inflammation by PPARγ agonism.

DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID CONCENTRATION IN MYRTACEAE USING THE IODOMETRIC TITRATION METHOD

Vitamins are essential compounds in food even though the content contained in these foods is small, and this is because vitamins have a vital role in the human body. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is a secondary antioxidant compound that captures free radical compounds. Vitamin C content is easily found in vegetables and fruits. One of the fruits that contain vitamin C is guava. This study aims to determine and analyze vitamin C concentrations in several guava fruit types with the iodometric titration method. This type of research is a quantitative-qualitative experimental laboratory. The samples used in this study were guava in Myrtaceae family consisting of red guava (Psidium guajava L.), crystal guava (Psidium guajava L.), and red water guava (Syzygium aqueum). The study began with making 0.05 N iodine, iodine formation, then the 3% amylum indicators. The average sample content of red guava, crystal guava, and red water guava was 2.42 mg/100 grams. To conclude, the ascorbic acid concentration of red guava water is higher at 157 mg/100 g compared to the other two guavas, which are 80 mg/100 g and 87 mg/100 g.

Involvement of the DAF-16/FOXO Pathway in the Antioxidant Activity of the Jaboticaba (Myrciaria trunciflora) Extract against Various Stressors Using Caenorhabditis elegans.

Jaboticaba (Myrciaria trunciflora) belongs to the family Myrtaceae and is a fruit native to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The aim of this study was evaluate the activity of the extract of jaboticaba against different stresses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Initially, the toxicological profile of the extract was analyzed, evaluating survival, reproduction, and longevity. After the tests of resistance to oxidative stress, thermal and against ultraviolet radiation were carried out. In order to discover a signaling pathway involved in this process the DAF-16 pathway was analyzed. It was found that the extract has no toxicity and is still able to prolong longevity in concentrations of 50 and 100 μg of GAE/mL. It was able to protect against damage from the juglone, temperature and UV radiation. This effect is mediated by the activation of the translocation of the DAF-16 factor to the cell nucleus and subsequent activation of defense pathways. Together, it is possible to verify that the extract of jaboticaba is important for the protection of the damages to which were daily exposed, in order to decrease the free radicals and consequently the damages that lead to aging and/or the appearance of diseases.

A Review of the Benefits of Eucalypt Essential Oils for the Human Health and Environment Improvement

Eucalypt is the vernacular name used to refer to trees of the three genera, <i>Angophora </i>Cav.<i>, Corymbia</i> K. D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson and <i>Eucalyptus</i> L’Herit. These closely related genera are within the Myrtaceae family and include around 1000 taxa in total, nearly all of which are indigenous to Australia. In China, over 5 million ha of industrial plantations have been established with selected eucalypt taxa. However, there are no plantations in this country managed specifically for the purpose of eucalypt leaf oil production. Even so, for many years China has been the world’s largest producer of crude eucalypt oil distilled from eucalypt leaves. These leaves are mainly collected from community plantings, mostly of <i>E. globulus</i> and <i>E. smithii</i>. A project was carried out on species selection for leaf oil production in late 1990’s in southwestern China, and included testing of the species <i>E. radiata, E. bakeri, E. polybractea</i> and others. Eucalypt oils are used as raw materials in perfumery, cosmetics, food and beverage industries as well as in various aromatherapy and physiotherapy treatments. The 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) compound is the principal and the most important constituent of the most eucalypt leaf oils, and this has demonstrated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Such uses of eucalypt essential oils for human health as well as for environment improvement have been well established by scientific research in many countries, with such oils having a long history of medicinal use in Australia and Europe. Even so, there is a need to investigate the prime effects of such essential oils and their possible efficacy in the treatment of a greater number of pathological conditions in China. It is also advocated that the country’s existing eucalypt plantations be more widely used as places for ‘forest bathing’ and such nature-based well-being practices; and that investigations be taken into the use of eucalypt leaf oils to improve hygiene and fight diseases, such as that caused by the virus.

KEPRAKTISAN ENSIKLOPEDIA FAMILI MYRTACEAE KOLEKSI KEBUN RAYA BANUA UNTUK MELATIHKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MAHASISWA

Developments in the 21st century in the field of education seek students to be able to think critically and be aware of environmental conditions. Phrases Think global, act local are sentences related to awareness of environmental conditions. The real form of the phrase think globally (think globally) is to develop a product in the form of an encyclopedia that contains information about biology, while the real form of the phrase act locally (act locally) is in the form of research conducted. The encyclopedia is a comprehensive collection of information on the morphology of the myrtaceae family in the collection of kebun raya banua. The purpose of this study is related to describing practicality. Development research model to improve and enhance previous products. Research development using Tessmer's formative evaluation design. Individual test (one to one evaluation), and small group test (small group evaluation). The personality test subjects (one to one evaluation) were three students who had taken plant morphology courses related to content practicality data, the small group evaluation subjects were four students who had taken plant morphology courses related to practical expectations data. The results of the development research show a practical encyclopedia

The terpene synthase genes of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) and comparative gene family analysis among Myrtaceae essential oil crops

Terpene synthases (TPS) are responsible for the terminal biosynthetic step of terpenoid production. They are encoded by a highly diverse gene family believed to evolve by tandem duplication in response to adaptive pressures. Taxa in the Myrtaceae family are renowned for their diversity of terpenoid-rich essential oils, and among them, the tribe Eucalypteae has the largest TPS gene family found in any plant (> 100 TPS). In this study, comparative analysis of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), from the related tribe Melaleuceae, revealed some Myrtaceae have smaller TPS families, as a total of 58 putatively functional full-length TPS genes, and 21 pseudogenes were identified by manual annotation of a newly released long-read assembly of the genome. The TPS-a and TPS-b2 subfamilies that synthesise secondary compounds often mediating plant-environment interactions were more diminutive than those in eucalypts, probably reflecting key differences in the evolutionary histories of the two lineages. Of the putatively functional TPS-b1, 13 clustered into a region of around 400 kb on one scaffold. The organisation of these TPS suggested that tandem duplication was instrumental in the evolution and diversity of terpene chemistry in Melaleuca. Four TPS-b1 likely to catalyse the synthesis of the three monoterpenoid components that are used to classify tea tree chemotypes were encoded within a single small region of 87 kb in the larger cluster of TPS-b1, raising the possibility that coregulation and linkage may lead to their behaviour as a single locus, providing an explanation for the categorical inheritance of complex multiple-component chemotypes in the taxon.

Analisis Vegetasi Tegakan Pohon Di Kawasan Hutan Kota Bukit Langkisau Painan, Pesisir Selatan

Urban forest management must adapt to urban development and aspects of urban life so that the availability and management of key lands in the development of urban forests and the presence of vegetation as the driving element, one of which is trees. This study aims to determine the composition and structure of tree stands in the Bukit Langkisau Painan City Forest, Pesisir Selatan. The method used was purposive sampling with a plot size of 20 m x 60 m with a sub plot of 10 x 10 m for level 12 plots of trees each. It was found that the vegetation composition of tree stands were 10 families, 12 genera, 13 species, and 27 individuals with the dominant family Myrtaceae and the co-dominant families Meliaceae, and sapindaceae. The highest significance value was found in Syzygium racemosum with a value of 43.399 % and the lowest significance index was found in the species Xerospermum noronhianum with 9.298 %. The diversity index (H') is 2,439 which indicates that species diversity classified to moderate. Keyword: bukit langkisau, composition, structure, urban fores.

Mobilenet-based Transfer Learning for Detection of Eucalyptus Pellita Diseases

Currently, the pulp industry in Indonesia is ranked eighth in the world and the paper industry is ranked sixth in the world. One of the advantages in supporting the industry is that Indonesia has a large Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI) where the plants for pulp and paper raw materials originate. Eucalyptus pellita species belonging to the Myrtaceae family is one of the priority species for Industrial Plantation Forests (HTI) because of its adaptability and its wood can be used as raw material for pulp. Industrial Plantation Forests of this type can be found mainly in Kalimantan and Sumatra. This species shows good growth in stem shape, growth speed and good wood quality and has high germination and has a shorter cutting cycle of about 7-8 years so that it is quickly harvested. Prevention and treatment of leaf disease is one of the main processes of planting. Early diagnosis and accurate recognition of Eucalyptus Pellita disease can control the spread of the disease and reduce production costs and treatment costs. Disease detection on Eucalyptus pellita leaves can be done automatically faster by utilizing digital image processing and artificial intelligence. In this study, we propose a detection method with Deep Learning architecture. Our proposed method is based on pre-trained transfer learning using MobileNet. Image datasets from PT. Surya Hutani Jaya's land in East Kalimantan were used to train the model. The dataset is divided into three classes where 1 class is healthy leaves and 2 classes are sick leaves, namely Xanthomonas Bacteria and Cylindrocladium Fungi. With a dataset ratio of 70: 20: 10 the number of training datasets is 2370, validation is 591, and Testing is 177. Hyperparameter scenarios were carried out on the MobileNet model to optimize performance on the Eucalyptus Pellita leaf dataset. The experimental results show a fairly good accuracy, reaching 98%.

ETHNOMEDICINAL STUDIES OF SOME MYRTACEAE PLANTS FROM NANDED REGION OF MAHARASTRA

Nanded is one of the most biodiversity rich region of Maharastra. This area is having deciduous regions known as Kinwat, Mahur and Shita-khandi forest. The regional peoples uses many traditional medicines for the treatments of various diseases. The aim of current research is to survey and documents ethno-medicinal usages of family Myrtaceae. For this data collection many time field visits were given. All the collected data and information were confirmed using available literature. Total six plants of Myrtaceae were reported in the study. Syzygiun cumini (Jamun), Psidium guajava L. (Guava), Eucalyptus globules (Nilgiri) are the common plants reported in survey including Callistemon citrinus ( Bottle brush), Syzygium aromaticum L. (Laong), and Syzygium jambos L. The plants reported in the present study were found to be used by local peoples for the treatments of different aliments.