Myocardial Infarction Exposure Research Articles

Short-term effects of fine particulate matter constituents on myocardial infarction death

Existing evidence suggested that short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may increase the risk of death from myocardial infarction (MI), while PM2.5 constituents responsible for this association has not been determined. We collected 12,927 MI deaths from 32 counties in southern China during 2011–2013. County-level exposures of ambient PM2.5 and its 5 constituents (i.e., elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate (SO42-), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrate (NO3-)) were aggregated from gridded datasets predicted by Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System. We employed a space-time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models to quantify the association of MI mortality with short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents across various lag days. Over the study period, the daily mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 77.8 (standard deviation (SD) = 72.7) µg/m3. We estimated an odds ratio of 1.038 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003–1.074), 1.038 (1.013–1.063) and 1.057 (1.023–1.097) for MI mortality associated with per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 3-day moving-average exposure to PM2.5 (IQR = 76.3 µg/m3), EC (4.1 µg/m3) and OC (9.1 µg/m3), respectively. We did not identify significant association between MI death and exposure to water-soluble ions (SO42-, NH4+ and NO3-). Likelihood ratio tests supported no evident violations of linear assumptions for constituents-MI associations. Subgroup analyses showed stronger associations between MI death and EC/OC exposure in the elderly, males and cold months. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents, particularly those carbonaceous aerosols, was associated with increased risks of MI mortality.

Short-term PM2.5 exposure and acute incidence of myocardial infarction a time-stratified case-crossover study in China

Background Myocardial infarction (MI) and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution are two global public health concerns. Evidence investigating the association between PM2.5 and acute incidence of MI in developing countries is limited. Methods A multicenter study based on a time-stratified case-crossover design including 36,679 cases from MI incidence registry data and PM2.5 site monitoring data was conducted. Results With a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration, there was an increase of 0.98% (0.40%, 1.57%) in acute incidence risk of MI on day lag02. The corresponding values for males and individuals aged over 74 years were 1.58% (95% CI: 0.82%, 2.35%) and 1.19% (95% CI: 0.35%, 2.05%) respectively, indicating higher risks than other groups. The non-linear concentration-response curve indicated a steeper slope under daily PM2.5 below 50μg/m3 and the marginal avoided premature morbidity attributed to per 10μg/m3 reduction became larger under the current air quality standard.Conclusion This study is the first multicenter study to examine the association between the acute incidence of MI and short-term exposure to PM2.5 in China. We provide solid evidence that PM2.5 is a risk factor for accelerating MI incidence. A susceptible population was identified. The robust findings from this study may suggest the necessity for a continuous reduction of PM2.5 concentration from the perspectives of public health.

Effects of Ultrafine Nano‐zinc Particles on Cardiac Structure and Function in Myocardial Infarction Mice

ObjectiveWe aimed to illustrate the association between ultrafine nano zinc particles inhalation and cardiac structure and function in myocardial infarction (MI) mice.Method6‐week‐old ICR mice were divided into three groups randomly: sham group, MI group and MI exposure group, 12 mice in each group. We preformed LAD ligation operation in MI group and MI exposure group. After postoperative two weeks MI exposure mice were put into ventilation chamber which filled with 500ug/m3 ultrafine nano zinc particles for 6 hours per day, while MI group mice and sham group mice were cultivated in normal environment. After exposure 8 weeks, we use Vevo 2100 machine to acquire heart function measurements. Then we collected blood sample and killed mice and obtain heart samples that were used for immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis myocardium were measured by immunofluorescence. Elisa method was used to detect the catecholamine expression in plasma. The changes of collagen were measured by Masson trichrome staining.ResultsCompared with the sham group, the EF in MI exposure group and the MI group decreased significantly (p<0.05), and the decrease in MI exposure group was more obvious. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the number of apoptotic cells in MI exposure group increased significantly (p<0.05) and the myocardial cells exaggerated significantly. In addition, the norepinephrine in the peripheral blood of MI exposure group was increased significantly (p<0.05), in the same time the Marsson trichrome staining results showed that the collagen content of MI exposure group's myocytes increased significantly (p<0.05).ConclusionNano‐zinc particles inhalation can aggravated ventricular remodeling and heart dysfunction and increased myocardial cell apoptosis after myocardial infarction in mice.Support or Funding InformationShenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Institution (China) Grant JCYJ20160427170536358 (Y Huo)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Effect of Ultrafine Nano-Zinc Particles on Cardiac Structure and Function in Myocardial Infarction Rabbits

Due to ultrafine Nano-zinc particles are major component of PM0.1, so we aimed to investigate how ultrafine Nano-zinc particles effect on cardiac structure and function in myocardial infarction (MI) rabbits. We chose twenty-four New Zealand rabbits who were divided into sham group, MI group and MI exposure group randomly, 8 rabbits in each group. We preformed LAD ligation operation in MI group and MI exposure group. After two weeks rabbits suffered from MI successfully, we put the MI exposure group into ventilation chamber filled with 500ug/m3 ultrafine Nano-zinc particles for 6 hours per day. Sham group and MI group were raised in normal environment. Four weeks later, the heart function was detected using vevo2100 machine and all rabbits sacrificed, because we need to collect blood sample and heart tissue. According to echocardiography measurements, we found EF and FS both in MI group and MI exposure group decreased significantly, especially MI exposure group had severe decrease compared with MI group. In addition, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in MI exposure group increased obviously and LV +dp/dt max decreased significant. Both the formers in MI group changed to a lesser degree. HE staining results showed myocytes disorganization and LV wall thinning in MI and MI exposure groups. Masson trichrome staining showed that MI exposure group had maximum collagen. In summary, inhalation of ultrafine Nano-zinc particles indeed is harmful for MI rabbits. Moreover, ultrafine Nano-zinc particles can effect on myocardial systolic and diastolic function, thus promote the development from MI to heart failure.

The Effect of Short-Term Exposure in PM0.1 on Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in Myocardial Infraction Mice

We aimed to illustrate the association between short-term exposure PM0.1 and heart failure in myocardial infarction (MI) mice. Six-week-old ICR mice were divided into three groups randomly: sham group, MI group and MI exposure group, 12 mice in each group. LAD ligation operation was performed in MI group and MI exposure group. After postoperative two weeks MI exposure mice were put into ventilation chamber which filled with 500ug/m3 PM0.1 for 6 hours per day, while MI group mice and sham group mice were cultivated in normal environment. After exposure 8 weeks, we use Vevo 2100 machine to acquire heart function measurements. Then we collected blood sample and killed mice to obtain heart samples. The proliferation of myocardium were measured by immunofluorescence. Elisa was performed to detect the catecholamine expression in plasma. The changes of collagen were measured by Sirus red stain method. Compared with the sham group, the EF and FS in the MI group were significantly decreased (p<0.05), and MI exposure group showed higher amplitude decrease. The immunofluorescence result showed that the number of proliferating cell in MI exposure group did not change significantly. In addition, the IL-11 in the peripheral blood of MI exposure group did not change significantly, while Sirus red stain showed the content of collagen in MI exposure group increased significantly (p<0.05). In conclusion, short-term exposure in PM0.1 can exacerbate cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, while it had effect neither on IL-11 in peripheral blood nor on myocyte proliferation.

Abacavir use and risk of recurrent myocardial infarction: the D: A: D study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between abacavir (ABC) use and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) among HIV-positive people with a prior MI. DESIGN: International multi-cohort collaboration with follow-up from 1999-2016. METHODS: The rate of recurrent MI was described among D:A:D participants who experienced an index MI whilst in the study, and who remained under follow-up beyond 28 days after this MI. Follow-up was considered to the date of next MI, death, 01/Feb/2016 or 6 months after last clinic visit. Poisson regression models considered associations between recurrent MI and exposure to ABC (use at index MI, current post-MI exposure and cumulative exposure), before and after adjusting for calendar year. RESULTS: The 984 individuals who experienced an index MI during the study (91.3% male, median age 51 at index MI) were followed for 5312 person-years (PY) over which time there were 136 recurrent MIs (rate 2.56/100 PY, 95% Confidence Interval 2.13-2.99). Rates were 2.40 (1.71-3.09) and 2.65 (2.10-3.21)/100 PY in those who were and were not on ABC, respectively, at the index MI, and 2.90 (2.01-3.78) and 2.44 (1.95-2.93)/100 PY in those who were and were not currently receiving ABC, respectively, post-MI. No association was seen with recurrent MI and either cumulative exposure to ABC (RR=0.86 [0.68-1.10]/5 years), receipt of ABC at index MI (0.90 [0.63-1.29]) nor recent post-MI exposure to ABC (1.19 [0.82-1.71]). CONCLUSIONS: Among people with a previous MI, there was no evidence for an association between use of ABC post-MI and an elevated risk of a recurrent MI.

Abacavir use and risk of recurrent myocardial infarction

To investigate the association between abacavir (ABC) use and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) among HIV-positive people with a prior MI. International multicohort collaboration with follow-up from 1999 to 2016. The rate of recurrent MI was described among D:A:D participants who experienced an index MI whilst in the study, and who remained under follow-up beyond 28 days after this MI. Follow-up was considered to the date of next MI, death, 1 February 2016 or 6 months after last clinic visit. Poisson regression models considered associations between recurrent MI and exposure to ABC (use at index MI, current post-MI exposure and cumulative exposure), before and after adjusting for calendar year. The 984 individuals who experienced an index MI during the study (91.3% male, median age 51 at index MI) were followed for 5312 person-years, over which time there were 136 recurrent MIs (rate 2.56/100 person-years, 95% confidence interval 2.13-2.99). Rates were 2.40 (1.71-3.09) and 2.65 (2.10-3.21)/100 person-years in those who were and were not on ABC, respectively, at the index MI, and 2.90 (2.01-3.78) and 2.44 (1.95-2.93)/100 person-years in those who were and were not currently receiving ABC, respectively, post-MI. No association was seen with recurrent MI and either cumulative exposure to ABC [relative rate 0.86 (0.68-1.10)/5 years], receipt of ABC at index MI [0.90 (0.63-1.29)] nor recent post-MI exposure to ABC [1.19 (0.82-1.71)]. Among people with a previous MI, there was no evidence for an association between use of ABC post-MI and an elevated risk of a recurrent MI.

Proton pump inhibitor use represents an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction

BackgroundThere is substantial debate regarding the development of acute coronary syndrome in patients using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) combined with clopidogrel. However, data remain limited to address the effect of PPIs alone on the subsequent risk of myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to explore the subsequent risk of MI in PPI users who had no previous history of MI. MethodsThe records of inpatients and outpatients with PPI prescriptions were retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2009. We conducted two different study designs, the first using propensity score (PS)-matching analyses and the second using case-crossover analyses. The risk of developing MI for PPI users was analyzed in the PS-matched study. The association between risk of MI and prior PPI exposure was further validated in the case-crossover study. ResultsIn the PS-matched study, we included 126,367 PPI users and 126,367 PS-matched PPI non-users. After 120days of follow-up, PPI use was associated with a 1.58-fold greater risk of MI (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.11 to 2.25). In the case-crossover study, adjusted odds ratios of PPI for MI risk were 4.61 (95% CI=1.76 to 12.07) for the 7-day window and 3.47 (95% CI=1.76 to 6.83) for the 14-day window. ConclusionsUse of PPIs may be independently associated with an increased risk of MI. However, the benefits of PPIs may greatly outweigh the risks of adverse cardiovascular effects, with number needed to harm of 4357.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder following Myocardial Infarction: Personality, Coping, and Trauma Exposure Characteristics

This study aimed to investigate the interrelationship between trauma exposure characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI), MI patients' personality traits, coping strategies, post-MI PTSD, and general psychological distress. One hundred and twenty MI patients were recruited from two general practices. The MI patients were interviewed using a MI experience questionnaire and completed the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the COPE Scale. Neuroticism was directly associated with post-MI PTSD and general psychological distress, while agreeableness did not link to the outcomes directly. Neuroticism influenced MI exposure characteristics which in turn influenced PTSD. Agreeableness affected PTSD and general psychological distress through MI exposure characteristics. Neuroticism influenced problem-focused coping which in turn affected general psychological distress. Agreeableness influenced problem-focused coping which in turn affected PTSD and general psychological distress. Patients developed PTSD and general psychological distress following MI. Neurotic and antagonistic personality traits combined with patients' subjective experiences of MI and usage of problem-focused coping influenced the severity of outcomes.

Mortality from myocardial infarction in relation to exposure to vibration and dust among a cohort of iron-ore miners in Sweden

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate myocardial infarction (MI) mortality in relation to exposure to hand/arm vibration (HAV) and whole body vibration (WBV) as well as exposure to...