Case Of Myiasis Research Articles

New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in feral swine of Uruguay: One Health and transboundary disease implications

BackgroundFeral swine (Sus scrofa) are highly invasive and threaten animal and human health in the Americas. The screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health as a notifiable infestation because myiasis cases affect livestock, wildlife, and humans in endemic areas, and outbreaks can have major socioeconomic consequences in regions where the screwworm has been eradicated. However, a knowledge gap exists on screwworm infestation of feral swine in South America, where the screwworm is endemic. Here, we report screwworm infestation of feral swine harvested in Artigas Department (Uruguay), where the Republic of Uruguay shares borders with Brazil and Argentina.MethodsMyiasis caused by the larvae of screwworm were identified in feral swine with the support and collaboration of members of a local feral swine hunting club over a 3-year period in the Department of Artigas. Harvested feral swine were examined for the presence of lesions where maggots causing the myiasis could be sampled and processed for taxonomic identification. The sites of myiasis on the body of infested feral swine and geospatial data for each case were recorded. The sex and relative size of each feral swine were also recorded. Temperature and precipitation profiles for the region were obtained from public sources.ResultsMyiases caused by screwworms were recorded in 27 of 618 the feral swine harvested. Cases detected in males weighing > 40 kg were associated with wounds that, due to their location, were likely caused by aggressive dominance behavior between adult males. The overall prevalence of screwworm infestation in the harvested feral swine was associated with ambient temperature, but not precipitation. Case numbers peaked in the warmer spring and summer months.ConclusionsThis is the first report on myiasis in feral swine caused by screwworm in South America. In contrast to myiasis in cattle, which can reach deep into host tissues, screwworms in feral swine tended to cause superficial infestation. The presence of feral swine in screwworm endemic areas represents a challenge to screwworm management in those areas. Screwworm populations maintained by feral swine may contribute to human cases in rural areas of Uruguay, which highlights the importance of the One Health approach to the study of this invasive host species–ectoparasite interaction.Graphical

Oral myiasis associated with drug induced gingival hyperplasia – a rare case report

Introduction: Myiasis (Greek: myi = fly) refers to infestation of living tissues of humans and animals by Dipterous eggs or larvae. Incidence of oral myiasis is comparatively lesser than that of cutaneous myiasis. We report a rare case of oral myiasis of anterior maxilla associated with drug induced gingival enlargement. Observation: We report a rare case of oral myiasis of anterior maxilla with amlodipine induced gingival enlargement in a sixty-two-year-old male with history of hypertension, hemiplegia and diabetes mellitus. Patient was mouth breather and presented with poor oral hygiene. Generalized gingival hyperplasia was observed. Multiple maggots were observed in the ulcerated areas on maxillary anterior alveolus. The maggots were mechanically removed with curettage after application of turpentine oil. Cleaning and debridement of the wound was done. After one month follow-up there was complete healing of the lesion. Maintenance of oral hygiene and gingivectomy as indicated was planned for this patient. Conclusion: Clinical significance of presented case is its rarity of association with drug induced gingival hyperplasia and typical presence of multiple predisposing factors. This case report provides interesting information about predisposing factors, clinical features and management of oral myiasis that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of this condition.

Wound Myiasis in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae Family.

Background:Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of tissues or body cavities of mammals with dipterous larvae. The patients with diabetic foot ulcers are more vulnerable to acquiring infestation; however, the infestation may be neglected and mistreated in some cases.Methods:Data were collected of twelve myiasis cases with diabetic foot ulcers in Nazli-Selim Eren Chronic Wound and Infections Care Unit, Aydin, Turkey between 2017 and 2019. Demographic, clinical characteristics of the patients and clinical examination of the wound were recorded. To morphology-based identification method of the agents, the developmental stages of the maggots were examined.Results:The cases aged between 46 and 81 years (10 males, two females). Eight of the larvae collected from wounds had Calliphoridae and four had Sarcophagidae family. The larvae were infested right/left foot sole, thumb, ankle, and mostly left toes. The number of larvae collected from the cases ranged from 2 to 48. Third-stage larvae (L3) were mostly detected. Mixed (L1-L2, L2-L3) larvae were detected in a patient. The infestations were more common in July and August. According to the score of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), ten (83%) cases had moderate and two (17%) cases were mild diabetic foot infections (DFIs).Conclusion:Diabetic foot ulcers should be evaluated in terms of myiasis. This was the first study in our province indicating that myiasis should not be neglected and different species of flies were responsible for myiasis cases.

Management of oral myiasis: A rare entity

Myiasis is one of the foremost daunting parasitic infestations. Although pandemic, it is more often found in tropical and subtropical countries where poor hygiene, poor housing infrastructure, warm humid climate and proximity to domestic animals prevail. Mostly it occurs secondary to serious medical conditions such as cerebral palsy, cancerous lesions. Although many treatment protocols are available, the standard treatment focuses on antibiotic therapy concomitantly with mechanical removal of larvae and necrotic tissues. This is a case of intraoral myiasis in a twenty-year old female patient with cerebral palsy that was managed using the suffocation approach and mechanical debridement.

Prevalence of tracheopulmonary myiasis amidst humans.

Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of live vertebrates with the dipteran larvae that grow within the host while feeding on its living or dead tissue. Human myiasis is prevalent among individuals in close association of domestic animals and those inhabiting the unhygienic conditions. Open neglected suppurative wounds are the favourable sites that attract and stimulate the gravid female flies for oviposition. However, the poor personal hygiene, ignorance and the mental illness further add to it. Tracheopulmonary myiasis involves the infestation of foul smelling nasal and oral orifices or neglected wounds like tracheostomal incisions with the parasitic dipteran larvae which may extend up to the trachea, bronchi and lungs leading to serious health complications. Despite the incidence of human tracheopulmonary infestation is rare, the severe medical impediments and heterogeneous worldwide distribution signify the medical importance of this condition. The present manuscript reviews and summarizes the worldwide reported cases of human tracheopulmonary myiasis and the predisposing risk factors for onset of the same, as future reference for parasitologists and medical professionals.

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of some topical herbal formulations in the management of traumatic myiasis in cattle

Traumatic myiasis, variably known as wound myiasis or maggoted wounds, can be a serious problem in veterinary practice, especially in the warmer latitudes of the globe. Several agents of plant origin, such as turpentine oil and camphor, form the backbone of the therapeutic practices used for the first-line treatment and management of this problem. A clinical trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of some topical polyherbal formulations in clinical cases of traumatic myiasis in bovines. 24 cattle suffering from myiasis were assigned to either of three (03) equal groups. Group T1 received treatment with AV/CPS/23 spray (M/s Ayurvet Ltd., India); Group T2 with competitor Brand A; and Group T3 with competitor Brand B. The response of the animals to the treatment was evaluated using an efficacy index based on the proportion of animals recovered within each group and the severity of the cases successfully treated. Amongst treatments, AV/CPS/23 spray was found to be most effective for the management of myiasis in cattle based on the findings of the study.

Oral myiasis: Analysis of cases reported in the English literature from 1990 to 2020.

Myiasis is an infection caused by the deposition of fly larvae in tissues, and its involvement in the human oral cavity is uncommon. Herein, we have performed a data analysis of published cases of oral myiasis. A search was performed in PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS. Geographic distribution, demographic data, associated factors, clinical features, fly types, treatment, and presence of sequelae were analyzed. A total of 122 articles reported the cases of 157 infected individuals. The most affected countries were India (41%) and Brazil (29.5%). Male predominance (67.5%) and a mean of 41.9 years of age were observed. The gingiva (29%) was the most affected site, followed by palate (25%) and lip (21%). There were different forms and combinations of treatments: manual removal of larvae and surgical debridement, application of asphyxiating substances, antibiotic therapy, and use of ivermectin. The condition predominantly affects individuals with neurological and/or locomotor disabilities, of low socioeconomic status, with poor oral hygiene and chemical dependence and individuals with previous injuries or with the absence of lip sealing. The establishment of a standard treatment protocol, enabling comparison in future studies and providing uniformity in treatment strategies offered by health services is strongly recommended.

Myiasis Diagnosis and Treatment in Goat

Background: Myiasis is a disease caused by an infestation of fly larvae (Chrysomya bezziana) in living tissue. Myiasis cases are common in Indonesia because of the tropical climate. Purpose: This case report is intended to provide information on handling myiasis in goats. Case Analysis: A 2-year-old female goat weighing 30 kg was reported by the farmer because there was a wound in the leg. The goat was examined physically and hematologically. On physical examination, there was a limp on the left front leg caused by an injury with the larvae. Haematological examination results showed leukocytosis with leukocyte count of 13.26 x 103 cells/μL, monocytosis with monocyte counts of 0.63 x 103 cells/μL and anemia with erythrocyte counts of 2.93 x 106 cells/μL. The goat was diagnosed with myiasis and treated by eliminating fly larvae, irrigating the injured part by procaine penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin, spraying the wound using 1% dichlofenthion and intramuscular injection of 20 mg/kg body weight long-acting oxytetracycline and 1 mg/kg body weight diphenhydramine HCl. Conclusion: Three days after treatment, the wound condition has improved.

Perianal Traumatic Myiasis in a Goat Caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner 1862) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Konya Province of Turkey

Introduction: The infestation of live humans and animals with dipterous larvae is called Myiasis. These larvae feed on the living or dead tissues, body fluids, and ingested foods of hosts at least for a certain period in myiasis cases. Case Presentation: During clinical examination, several larvae were detected in the perianal area of a goat at Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Clinics. All visible larvae were cleaned by the clinician with the help of forceps. Ivermectin administered against larvae possibly penetrated deep into the wound. A topical antibiotic was also applied, and the wound was washed with an antiseptic solution. Several larvae were preserved in tubes including ethanol (70%) and transferred to parasitology laboratory. Firstly, the larvae were incised with a scalpel and cleared in potassium hydroxide (10%). Then, they were rinsed in distilled water, put into 70% ethanol for dehydration, and stored in 99% ethanol until dissection. The larvae were morphologically examined under a stereo microscope and dissected. The larvae were identified as third instar larvae of Wohlfahrtia magnifica according to the morphological characteristics of cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton, anterior spiracles, and peritremes. Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that in myiasis cases, early diagnosis is a very important factor in preventing deep tissue loss.

Human myiasis: Clinical case

Myiasis is considered a dermatozoonosis infestation caused by infestation of dipteran larvae in tissues or organs, which lay their eggs in humans or animals, which for a certain period feed on living or dead tissues of the host the occurrence of myiasis in the oral cavity can be considered a rare thing. This type of disease most often affects people of low socioeconomic status, immunocompromised, bedridden elderly and with psychiatric disorders. Due to its great destructive potential, a timely and important appropriate prevention and treatment, there is also little knowledge of the dental professional for the diagnosis and treatment of such pathology, For this reason, the present study reports a clinical case of oral myiasis in an elderly person bedridden with a history of malignant laryngeal/glottal neoplasia injury, presenting physical and mental weakness and inadequate body hygiene and lack of lip sealing that led to the infestation of larvae in the tongue. The diagnosis was clinically established based on observation of tongue bleeding, tissue detachment, and presence of larvae that were between the second and third stages of development. Treatment was initiated as hospitalization of the patient for debridement of necrotic tissues and removal of larvae and prescription of ivermectin. Bedridden patients with physical and metal weakness constitute a risk group for oral myiasis, and it is of great importance to guide caregivers and family members in relation to dental care in order to prevent this pathology. However, the lack of a consensus on the best therapeutic approach for cases of oral myiasis was taken as therapeutic conduct for the disease the mechanical removal of larvae and institution of oral use of ivermectin.

Lucilia bufonivora, Not Lucilia silvarum (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Causes Myiasis in Anurans in North America With Notes About Lucilia elongata and Lucilia thatuna.

In North America, until recently, all cases of anuran myiasis were attributed to Lucilia silvarum (Meigen) or Lucilia elongata Shannon. The latter species is exceedingly rare and its life history is unknown, but L. silvarum is common and was thought to be capable of being either parasitic or saprophytic in North America. Until recently, the anuran parasite Lucilia bufonivora Moniez was thought to be strictly Palearctic, but a study in 2014 has determined this species is established throughout southern Canada. In 2019, a study demonstrated, with molecular and morphological evidence, that two adult flies formerly identified as L. silvarum and reared from amphibian myiasis cases from Canada, are actually L. bufonivora. Although the mentioned study detected relatively high genetic distances with European L. bufonivora, the lack of evident morphological differentiation suggest that they are the same species. The current study examined 12 adult males and eleven adult females morphologically from three additional North American studies. Specimens were examined which had been identified as L. silvarum or L. elongata, and they all proved to be L. bufonivora. We now suspect L. silvarum is strictly saprophagous in North America like they are in the Palearctic Region. We also provide evidence that the pattern of myiasis differs between European and North American specimens.

Nosocomial Myiasis in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU): A Case Report

Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of human and animal tissues caused by larva of several fly species. Nosocomial myiasis is a type of myiasis that patient acquires infestation after admission to hospital and prevention of this infestation should be one of hospital authorities concerns. Therefore, we report a case of nosocomial oral myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata in a woman aged 78-yr-old hospitalized in a Heart Center in north of Iran Aug 2015. The significance of fly extermination in hospital was highlighted and emphasized. Besides, the etiology and different aspects of infestation were discussed elaborately.

Myiasis – Pathology or Treatment?

Abstract Myiasis is the infestation of live vertebrates with arthropod larvae of the order Diptera. The increase in the number of tourists in endemic areas, with the appearance of new cases in risk-free geographical areas, has increased the interest of doctors in knowing the insects that cause myiasis. The most common cases of myiasis are found in tropical and subtropical areas, the temperate zone being of interest in the warm season. In dermatological practice, there are cases of skin myiasis, especially at the level of skin ulcers. The appearance of ulcers myiasis is favoured by the poor socioeconomic status, poor hygiene conditions or associated debilitating general pathologies. Performing a correct treatment of ulcers is the main factor in preventing the larval infestation of ulcers.

A rare case of Tracheostomal Myiasis- A Case Report and Review of Literature

A rare case of Tracheostomal Myiasis- A Case Report and Review of Literature

A Rare Case of Tracheostomal Myiasis- A Case Report and Review of Literature

A Rare Case of Tracheostomal Myiasis- A Case Report and Review of Literature

Umbilical Myiasis in a Healthy Newborn: A Case Report

Myiasis is an infestation of living tissue with larvae of dipteran flies that commonly inhabit tropical and subtropical regions. The infection principally affects animals but human cases have been also reported. The larvae commonly invade the contaminated cutaneous structures such as wounds or furuncles, but sometimes can invade inner deeper structures. Many cases of myiasis affecting the newborn infants are globally reported with the highest incidence in rural communities with poor hygienic conditions. In this piece of research, we report a case of umbilical myiasis of an 11-day-old infant from Al-Mikhwah city, South Western Saudi Arabia. Parasitologic examination identified the infestation with tumbu fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga) larvae. The clinical presentation and epidemiology were discussed.

First Report on Concomitant Infection of Nasal Myiasis and Trichosporonosis in an Uncontrolled Diabetic Patient: Case Report.

Myiasis is an infestation of living tissue of animals or humans by fly larvae. It is quite common in tropical countries due to hot and humid climates. Trichosporonosis is an invasive disseminated fungal infection caused by Trichosporon species. Disseminated trichosporonosis is usually a fatal disease with poor prognosis. The aim of this manuscript is to report a clinical case of concomitant nasal myiasis and Trichosporonosis infection in an uncontrolled diabetic patient which was treated successfully by two weeks of Voriconazole therapy.

Ophthalmomyiasis with Cochylioma hominivorax - two case reports

Human myiasis is a rare parasitosis caused by infestation of larvae of the order Diptera. It is present in underdeveloped countries related to poor hygiene, alcoholism and mental illness. The infection can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues and cavities, and the most frequent anatomical site of ophthalmomyiasis is the eyelid. Orbital involvement is rare and corresponds to 5% of cases, with an unfavorable prognosis. Less than 40 cases of orbital myiasis have been described in the literature, 3 of which are Brazilian cases, 3 reports in England, the United States and Canada. The authors describe two cases of orbital and eyelid ophthalmomyiasis, respectively. Both patients from rural areas and poor hygiene conditions. Oral Ivermectin was administered at a dose of 12 mg/day with no response in 24 hours, and then the surgical approach with good evolution in both cases was considered.

First Reported Cases of Urinary Myiasis in Iraq

First Reported Cases of Urinary Myiasis in Iraq

Case Report: Furuncular Myiasis in Malawi

Furuncular myiasis results when the larva penetrates healthy skin to cause a furuncle like nodule which may mimic common dermatoses like insect bites and pyoderma leading to misdiagnoses. Tumbu fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga) is the most common cause in Africa and is endemic in Malawi. We describe a case of C. anthropophaga furuncular myiasis from a 6-month-old baby who presented with an acute history of a rash and was initially misdiagnosed on two occasions. Treatment consisted of manual removal of the larva and subsequent local wound care with a good outcome. We believe that much as Malawi is in the endemic region of the Tumbu fly, the disease’s clinical mimicking of common dermatoses and the patients’ preference to treat themselves at home may result in clinicians gaining less experience in managing furuncular myiasis cases in their daily practice leading to misdiagnoses. This report therefore demonstrates the practical challenges which unwary clinicians and patients in Malawi might encounter when faced with this otherwise common condition. It further highlights the importance of dermatologists and other non-dermatologist clinicians to consider furuncular myiasis among differential diagnoses in like lesions which in turn will reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics and delay correct patient treatment.