Mutual Space Research Articles

El valor de la motivación en la Educación Artística con personas mayores.

Elderly people are generally predisposed towards learning art. Nevertheless, they can have some learning difficulties due to insecurity, inflexible thought, lack of self-esteem or lack of motivation. Educational experience in the Open Training Permanent Classroom proves the importance of student-teacher and student-student relationship as a key to overcome these difficulties, thereby facilitating a significant art learning process which helps us to reconsider both reality and ourselves. A congenial and self-confident relationship will help us to achieve mutual spaces of friendly connection, in which empathy, affection and cordiality are essential to progress in artistic knowledge, to construe ourselves as individuals and re-discover ourselves. We can use some easy motivational strategies which will allow our students to acquire confidence in their own artistic possibilities.

Conformal deposition of Ti-C:H coatings over high-aspect-ratio micro-scale structures and tribological characteristics

Results on conformal deposition of Ti-containing hydrocarbon (Ti-C:H) coatings over Ni high-aspect-ratio micro-scale structures (HARMs) fabricated by the lithography, electroplating and molding (LIGA) technique are reported. Using a high-density plasma assisted hybrid chemical vapor deposition/physical vapor deposition technique, it is demonstrated that conformal Ti-C:H deposition can be achieved over HARMs with ∼1000 μm in height and ∼220 μm in mutual spacing. Surface roughness and tribological characteristics of Ti-C:H coatings during unlubricated sliding contact with 52100 steel balls are studied with atomic force microscopy, micro-Raman scattering, and optical microscopy on macro-scale samples. It is shown that unlubricated sliding between Ti-C:H and 52100 steel is significantly influenced by the composition of the Ti-C:H coating.

15N, 13C and 1H NMR spectra of three 2:1 cobalt(III) complexes of 1-(2-carboxyphenyl)azo-2-naphthol

The 15N, 13C and 1H NMR spectra of three 2:1 cobalt(III) complexes ( 2a– c) of 1-(2-carboxyphenyl)azo-2-naphthol ( 1) having the same elemental composition were measured in DMSO and analysed. It was found that the cobalt atom in all three compounds is six-coordinated, being bound to the two azo dye ligands via the two oxygens and the azo nitrogen originating from the anthranilic acid component of each azo dye. The compounds 2 differ in mutual space orientation of their ligands. In the green and bordeaux compounds, both ligands are equivalent (at least on the NMR time scale), whereas those in the olive compound are not.

SE—Structures and Environment: Wind Tunnel Study on Wind Speed Reduction through Successive Synthetic Windscreens

A wind tunnel study was carried out to evaluate the effect of successive windscreens perpendicular to the wind direction on wind speed reduction. Two types of windscreens, differing in essence only in open area, were used in the experiments. Their open areas were respectively 35·7 and 57·5%. The windscreens were modelled in a wind tunnel and had a height H of 10 cm. Experiments were carried out with two and three consecutive screens of the same nature. Both screen types were used in the experiments with two consecutive screens at a mutual spacing of 24 H while the less-open windscreen was also used in experiments with two and three consecutive screens at a spacing of 12 H. A free wind speed of 6·7 m s−1was applied during the tests. Wind speed was measured midway between the tunnel walls with vane probes at one location windward and various locations downwind of the first screen. For each location, wind speed was measured at four heights above the bottom surface.The wind tunnel study illustrates clearly that the extension of the lee zone, when two successive screens are used instead of one, depends on the recovery of the wind speed reduction at the second screen. It is about half the screen spacing when the second screen is placed where the wind speed recovery is 0% or where the wind speed is minimum. The extension increases to about one screen spacing when the screen is placed where the wind speed recovery is about 60%. The extension of the lee zone when three screens are installed, also depends on the locations of the second and third screens with respect to the recovery of the wind speed. Furthermore, it follows that the type of screen has little or no effect on the lee distance where the wind velocity has recovered between 60 and 70%.A second screen placed downwind of the first where the maximum wind speed reduction occurs, is less effective than when it is placed where the wind speed is already recovering. Consequently, successive screens should not be spaced too closely in order to be most effective.

Conformational features of linear and cyclic enkephalins. A computational study

A theoretical conformational study using the CICADA program package (J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem), 337 (1995) 17) was performed for two linear enkephalins, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin, and two cyclic analogues, DLFE and DPDPE. The conformational flexibilities of whole molecules and selected torsions were calculated.The low energy conformers obtained were compared with structures obtained by spectroscopic methods. The mutual space positions of key elements for receptor recognition were analyzed. Conformations were clustered using RMS deviation computed for selected atoms. The different conformational behavior of aromatic rings in cyclic analogues of enkephalins was observed. While aromatic rings of cyclic analogues exhibit different conformational behavior, the linear enkephalins show similar behavior in these key parts.Hydrogen bonds predicted by spectroscopic measurements were confirmed by our calculations. Also very specific conformational features, like concerted conformational movement, were analyzed.

Configuring Action in Objects: From Mutual Space to Media Space

Configuring Action in Objects: From Mutual Space to Media Space

Mixed convection in radial flow between horizontal plates — I. Numerical simulations

A forced radially outward flow with secondary, buoyancy induced convection has been studied numerically in an axisymmetric geometry, consisting of two differentially heated, horizontal, coaxial, circular plates with a diameter of 25 times their mutual spacing. A forced laminar flow is supplied through the centre of the upper plate. The onset of thermal instability, leading to axisymmetric and three-dimensional rolls, has been determined as a function of the Reynolds, Prandtl and Rayleigh numbers.

Configuring Action in Objects: From Mutual Space to Media Space

It has long been recognized that the material environment is an essential feature of the organization of social action and interaction. It is only recently, however, that we have witnessed a burgeoning body of empirical studies, from within both the social and cognitive sciences, that has begun to delineate the ways in which objects are socially constructed and feature in social relations and activities. Despite this growing interest in the object in social life, there remains a paucity of research concerned with how objects are reflexively constituted in and through social interaction. In this article, we consider how aspects of the material environment are rendered momentarily intelligible in and through interaction and the ways in which objects provide a resource for the recognition of the actions and activities of others. We examine interaction in both conventional working environments and new experimental spaces created through advanced telecommunication and communication technologies to reveal the ways in which the sense and significance of social actions and activities are embedded in, and inseparable from, the local ecology.

AFM Study of the Behaviour of Growth Steps on the (100) Faces of KDP Crystals and the Tapering Phenomenon

The experimental results of an investigation of the surface morphology of the as-grown (100) faces of KDP single crystals grown on seeds from aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of Fe3+ and Cr3+ impurities are described and discussed. It was found that the behaviour of steps in terms of their mutual spacing and height does not depend on the presence of an impurity in the growth medium, and that the association of elementary steps to form bunched steps on the growing surface is a statistical process. The bunching of steps and the formation of tapered faces are related phenomena. Step bunching on a face and its tapering are not related with the presence of an impurity in the medium but impurities favour these processes. Our analysis of the evolution of the spacing of elementary steps indicates that the Schwoebel effect is responsible for step bunching and face tapering.

Multiple Andreev reflections in diffusive SNS structures

We report new measurements on subgap energy structures originating from multiple Andreev reflections in mesoscopic SNS junctions. The junctions were fabricated in a planar geometry with high-transparency superconducting contacts of Al deposited on highly diffusive and surface δ -dopedn++ -GaAs. For samples with a normal GaAs region of active length 0.3μ m, the Josephson effect with a maximal supercurrent Ic= 3μ A at T= 237 mK was observed. The subgap structure was observed as a series of local minima in the differential resistance at dc bias voltages V=±2Δ/(ne) with n= 1, 2, 4, i.e. only the even subgap positions. While at V=±2Δ/e(n= 1) only one dip is observed, then= 2 and the n= 4 subgap structures each consists of two separate dips in the differential resistance. The mutual spacing of these two dips is independent of temperature, and the mutual spacing of the n= 4 dips is half the spacing of the n= 2 dips. The voltage bias positions of the subgap differential resistance minima coincide with the maxima in the oscillation amplitude when a magnetic field is applied in an interferometer configuration, where one of the superconducting electrodes has been replaced by a flux-sensitive open loop.

The overshoot effect in transient electroluminescence from organic bilayer light emitting diodes: Experiment and theory

Transient electroluminescence (EL) from organic bilayer light emitting diodes addressed by a rectangular voltage pulse often features an overshoot when the voltage is switched off. Experimental results are presented for a variety of hole transporting layers in contact with an oxadiazole layer simultaneously acting both as a blockade for holes and as an electron transport layer. The overshoot occurs in spin coated yet not in vapor deposited samples. A model is developed to rationalize charge recombination under the premise (i) of an interfacial layer of finite thickness between hole and electron transport layers in which both transport molecules coexist and (ii) of interfacial energy barriers impeding both hole and electron passage. It predicts the occurrence of an EL overshoot due to the recombination of stored electrons and holes under the action of their mutual space charge field when the external voltage is switched off. The temporal pattern of the predicted transient EL signal is in good agreement with experiment.

多層神経回路モデルを用いた相互色変換に基づくColor Gamut抽出・圧縮法

多層神経回路モデルを用いた相互色変換に基づくColor Gamut抽出・圧縮法

Autoneutralization of space charge dominated beams for heavy ion fusion

Several heavy ion beams, each with current in the kiloampere range and particle energy in the gigaelectronvolt range, must be focused onto a millimetre size spot to provide the power required for ignition of high gain, radiation driven targets for inertial confinement fusion. It is difficult to achieve this condition for three reasons: (a) The repulsive space charge forces within individual beams and the mutual space charge repulsion among the beams, which are strongest near the focal spot, prevent multiple beams from focusing onto a small spot. (b) Beam current increases from beam head to tail, so the beam-beam repulsion is time dependent. This prevents multiple beams from being focused onto a small spot throughout the entire pulse. (c) Radiation from the beam heated target photoionizes some beam ions into higher charge states, and these ions are expelled from the beam by the space charge force. To minimize these three effects, it is proposed to place a metallic cylinder in front of the focal spot and to cover the cylinder, at the beam entrance end, with a plastic film of submicron thickness. As the beams pass through the film, the beam space charge force draws electrons from the film to co-move with the beam, `autoneutralizing' the ion beams inside the cylinder. Although the film strips beam ions into higher charge states, particle-in-cell simulations show that autoneutralization is so effective that the residual radial electric field in the neutralized beam is considerably less than that in the unneutralized beam. The application of this scheme thereby results in a great improvement in focusing quality. Beams with higher charge state or lower mass ions, which have the advantages of reducing both the length of the high energy section of induction linacs and the strengths of the final-focusing magnets, can therefore be used

Theory of Auger spectra for molecular-field-split core levels.

A theory for nonradiative decay of molecular-field-split states is presented. It is shown that the relative inner-shell sublevel cross sections for Auger transitions are sensitively dependent on the matching of spin-orbit and molecular-field interactions. This can lead to suppression of particular sublevel Auger transitions and to a breakdown of the constant core-hole lifetime approximation. The investigated effects are caused by a strong dependence of the Auger intensity on the mutual local space orientation of initial- and final-state orbitals. These features are illustrated for S 2p (${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I},\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{I}}$VV) Auger spectra of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$S, and explain the apparent mismatch of 2p spin-orbit energies observed in Auger and photoelectron spectra of this molecule. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Critical anthropology and life stories: Case study of elderly Ismaili Canadians

This paper explores the potential of life story approach in the new wave of ethnographic writing. The latter, also referred to as critical anthropology, has come under intense scrutiny as its expressed goal of giving space to the voices of subjects of research continues to remain discretely confined to the ethnographic text. This paper suggests that the life story approach can expand the scope of new ethnography through its explicit recognition of the ongoing dialogue between narrators (research subjects) and the ethnographer. Using the case study of Canadian elderly Ismaili Muslims, this paper shows how the worlds of the latter and the author converge on the common ground of a search for mutual identity and social space, leading to a collective voice expressed through life stories.

Anatomy of the parp gene promoter of Trypanosoma brucei.

While growing in the tsetse fly, Trypanosoma brucei expresses a major surface glycoprotein, the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP). The parp genes are transcribed by an alpha-amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase. We have determined the sequence requirements for parp promoter activity. Studies of RNA produced from input DNA in transiently transfected trypanosomes indicate that the RNA is correctly processed by trans-splicing and polyadenylation. Deletion analyses show that 330 bp are sufficient for full promoter and splicing activity and that the promoter structure is complex, involving at least three elements whose mutual spacing is important. Mutagenesis pin-pointed two sequences vital for promoter activity; neither bears any resemblance to known prokaryotic or eukaryotic promoter elements.

Japan-Latin America: Taking Advantage of Mutual Space and Opportunities

Japan's Current Role as the world's most dominant economic power has had an impact on its relations with Latin America despite the absence, historically at least, of few long-term ties between the two regions. While there is some evidence that contacts may date as far back as 1609, relations between them only began to acquire a certain relevance as recently as the 1970s and 1980s, when the Japanese domestic model, acquired after World War II, began to seem assured.Nevertheless, it is impossible to understand either the relations between these two actors, or their future trends, without examining the policies and conditions that have marked Japan's reinsertion into the world — from its situation as a defeated, war-devastated, resource-poor country to one that is not only extremely wealthy but with the potential to become a superpower (Time, 1988: 6-9).

The Politics of Comic Modes in Virginia Woolf'sBetween the Acts

Comedy is the genre of collective experience; however, comic modes differ in the degree of inclusiveness that each implies. By examining the interactions of satiric, amiable, and liminal comedy, we can see how Woolfs final novel,Between the Acts, becomes a fully inclusive form. This form is radical and subversive, standing in antithetical relation to the epic genre. Woolf loosens the habitual dominance of the leader or spokesperson figure through a decentering of authority and creates a new choric voice that implies a fluid and noncoercive sense of community. This handling of genre is thoroughly political in substituting, for the definition of politics as the exercising of power, a model of community as the dynamic inhabiting of mutual space.

Steady flows around two cylinders at low Reynolds numbers

Steady flow patterns around two circular cylinders are experimentally studied at Reynolds numbers lower than unity. The cylinders are towed at a uniform speed in a tank filled with glycerin, and the dependence of the streamline patterns on the ratio of the radii of the two cylinders, their mutual spacing, and the angle between the line joining the centers and the direction of the flow are studied. When the two cylinders are in tandem arrangements, the process of changes of the first twin eddies in the gap is in accordance with the theoretical results of Miyazaki and Hasimoto. When the two cylinders are in staggered arrangement, the flow separation occurs both at small values of gaps and at large ratio of the radii of the two cylinders.

How to Measure Smoothness of Distributions on Riemannian Symmetric Manifolds and Lie Groups?

We discuss several types of means on Riemannian (globally symmetric) manifolds, hyperbolic manifolds and Lie groups, their mutual interrelations and related function spaces.