Mutual Space Research Articles

Commercial satellites open skies

As commercial remote-sensing systems improve and restraints on them are lifted, President Eisenhower's idea of free information exchange and mutual space surveillance is finally becoming a reality—and not just for the superpowers.

The effects of interference between circular cylinders in cross flow

One is dismayed if not surprised by the disorderly state of a topic of such practical importance. An attempt is first made to categorize various cluster arrangements in terms of the number of pipes (cylinders), their mutual spacing and orientation to the oncoming current. The second step classifies the basic interference flow regimes in the subcritical, critical and postcritical states, for two pipes only, in all possible arrangements. The third step goes further and considers various clusters and distinguishes between the basic interference flow regimes, however modified they may be, and the additional ones for particular orientations. This approach allows some qualitative interpretation and even the prediction of the forces exerted on any of the pipes in the cluster, for various orientations. The following clusters are discussed in some detail: aligned, triangular, square, staggered, all with pipes of the same size, and clusters with pipes of different diameters, i.e. small pipes arranged circumferentially around a big central one. This field is an example of ad hoc testing, leading to a proliferation of undigested and uncorrelated data.

ChemInform Abstract: Topological Similarities between a Cyclic Enkephalin Analogue and a Potent Opiate Alkaloid: A Computer‐Modeling Approach.

The cyclic enkephalin analogue H-Tyr-cyclo[-D-N delta-Orn-Gly-Phe-Leu-] (1-c) and the rigid narcotic alkaloid 7 alpha-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl]-6,14- endo-ethenotetrahydrooripavine (PEO) were studied by using computer graphics methods to investigate potential geometrical congruencies of their respective pharmacophoric elements. Particular emphasis was placed on the relative spatial disposition of the tyramine moiety and the additional aromatic ring that occurs in both molecules. A three-dimensional vector map was generated defining the locus of the C21 aromatic ring for all those conformers of PEO having up to 10 kcal above the minimum energy conformer. A systematic conformational search on the cyclic peptide afforded four allowable sets of conformers whose side chain of the phenylalanine residue coincided with the vector map of PEO. Local energy minima for the peptide within the revised mutual vector space were found and subjected to bimolecular energy refinement with correspondingly local energy minima for the opiate alkaloid. Several low-energy conformers of the cyclic peptide were identified that permitted a good fit with the alkaloid provided that the tyramine moiety of the respective molecules does not coincide. In the designated conformations the basic nitrogen of the former occupies a distinct geometrical locus, and the side chain of the leucine residue has no structural correlate in the alkaloid.

“IMPERIALISTIC MISSIONARISM” AND THE KIBBUTZ PARADIGM FOR COEXISTENCE

Abstract. Hegelian‐Marxian doctrines of dialectic progress through war and conflict are traced to Christian theosophy of historical necessity and “imperialistic missionarism.” Jewish fossilized existence is traced to its antiproselytizing “kibbutz” ideology of dialogic coexistence. Tolerance is possible either through an ideological balance of terror between equal opposing powers or through mutual volitionary space evacuating Cabalic style contraction. According to the Biblical definition of covenant, brit, a coexisting shalom (peace) is possible only through separating and rebinding which comprises the shalem (complete). Japanese Makuya Christianity is presented as an anti‐imperialistic model for mutual contraction facilitating the coexisting shalom‐shalem between equals who are different but not indifferent to each other.

Submillimeter laser interferometry with pyroelectric image recording

The interferometer with a submillimeter laser and standard pyroelectric TV camera for visualization of interference fringe pattern is described. Problems typical for the development of such interferometer are solved by choosing of a proper arrangement and a mutual spacing of its elements with respect to laser. The interferograms of a teflon wedge and an arcing plasma are presented as an example.

A pattern of tectonic zones in the western part of the East European Platform

Abstract The present north-eastern and south-western limits of the East European Platform are formed by long and deep faulted troughs with some elements of strike-slip movements. Between these westerly converging, craton margins, four other subparallel tectonic zones are proposed, with a mutual spacing of a few hundred kilometres. The western part of the platform is thus divided into five major blocks, which are further transected by some series of faults with mainly north-westerly and north-easterly, northerly and easterly trends. Geological and geophysical records indicate the pervasive character of these major tectonic zones, in which intermittent magmatic activity and mineralization of heavy metals is found. The lineaments are considered to have persisted from Archaean time and been re-activated during successively younger orogenies in the platform. This pattern of tectonic zones is assumed to represent a structural anisotropy, imprinted in the crust and the upper mantle at a relatively early period in the history of the earth.

Mutual spaces and mutuality

AbstractThe theory of dual spaces and duality is extended from a pair of vector spaces in duality to a list of more than two vector spaces in mutuality. The notions of a canonical bilinear functional and of compatible topologies for a dual pair are extended to those of a canonical multilinear functional and of compatible topologies for a mutual list. Compatible topologies are characterized by means of an extended version of the Mackey–Arens Theorem. Directions for further work are noted.

Impedance properties of large subsurface antenna arrays

Impedance and current distribution expressions of dipole elements in a large subsurface antenna array are derived and compared with experimental data. The analysis assumes an array immersed in a semi-infinite, homogeneous conducting medium with a large loss tangent. The results are presented in generalized form which facilitates the determination of mutual coupling and optimum spacing between identical array elements.

Potential Distributions in a Low-Pressure Thermionic Converter

A plane diode model of a low-pressure cesium-filled thermionic converter is treated. It is assumed that all ions and electrons are created at the surface of the hot cathode with a Maxwellian distribution corresponding to the cathode temperature. The charged species are then assumed to move through the plasma, consisting of electrons, ions, and neutral cesium atoms, as free particles under the influence of their mutual space charge field. A method is outlined by which the potential distributions corresponding to different operating conditions may be calculated completely. In this fashion the operating characteristics of the converter may be related to the self-consistent space charge potentials. Instabilities as possible sources of tube oscillations are briefly discussed.