Mutual Activities Research Articles

The Empowerment Approach as a Methodology for Research and Overcoming Social Issues of People, Groups, and Communities in Mutual Activities: Review and Research Framework

The article presents the results of a bibliographic and thematic review of the “empowerment” category, the history, key directions and main characteristics of the “empowerment” approach. The empowerment-approach is successfully applied in the world of science and the practice of empowerment of individual, communities, organizations, certain social groups, (women, youth, older people, workers, consumers, patients, minorities, etc.) in psychology, sociology, social work, healthcare, pedagogy, management, politics, economics, technical sciences, and in interdisciplinary discourses. The concept is rarely used in Russian scientific discourse; in political research, it is understood as a struggle for rights and powers, and social and political activism; in pedagogical research and in social work, it is considered as an activation and expansion of the potential resources. There is a wide range of interpretations and discussion of the concept as a goal, value, principle, process, result, method, technology, and strategy. Empowerment creates conditions for the transformation of people, groups, communities, and the social environment in mutual activities based on self-organization and/or supportive facilitation. A characteristic feature of empowerment is the non-linearity, dynamism, multilevel integration of macro-social, meso-social, micro-social, and intrapersonal factors and processes. The levels of individual, group, community, organizational, and institutional empowerment are distinguished. In this paper, we propose the beginning of a discussion about the empowerment approach as a way to study and overcome social problems in mutual activities of people, groups and communities as actors, and transforming agents.

ОСНОВНІ АСПЕКТИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ В УМОВАХ ВИСОКИХ РИЗИКІВ

The article characterizes the main factors that cause the emergence of high risks under conditions of war. It covers the main aspects of human resource management under conditions of high risks: the outlook, the methodological aspect, and the practical aspect; and their content is revealed. The aspect of outlook implies a reinterpretation of the management philosophy in conditions of war; the methodological aspect involves choosing effective tools for human resource management based on today's conditions; the practical aspect is the result of using and summarizing experience that was born during the war. The article emphasizes that it is important to use the toolkit consisting of every type of management (risk management, anti-crisis management, stress management, psychological management), since such diversity can minimize the risks. The work draws attention to safety assurance activities that require coordinated mutual activities of structural units that are responsible for safety-related activities, and human resource management services. The study characterizes the broad circle of tasks, activities, and directions to prevent crises, such as: tracing tendencies that can cause threatening situations, analyzing the dynamics of growth within these threats and their possible consequences, developing activities for preventing and minimizing negative effects and providing them with organizational resources. The article highlights the practical aspects of human resource management based on gaining and summarizing experience during the war by HR managers. In particular, it highlights the importance of psychological methods of human resource management. The author emphasizes that, under conditions of war, corporate culture demonstrates significant power and makes it possible to maintain positive relationships in the team, broaden trust boundaries, transform the models of team-building and communication, and assure the interchangeability of the staff. Therefore, it is necessary to embrace the entire arsenal of the elements of corporate culture, especially the ones with symbolic-ritualic character. And this means preserving traditions and rituals that were followed before the war; supporting team activities that unite people, encouraging them to join problem-solving efforts, featuring volunteering, and strengthening the individual potential of each person. The author indicates that thanks to new practices born during the war, new personal characteristics are developed, and new models of human resource management are established, which are capable of assuring fast adaptation and minimization of risks.

Концепції людино-машинної автоматизації в АСУ ТП товстолистових станів

Modern automated control systems can not do without the special means of organizing commu-nication with humans. The main peculiarity of human-machine interaction is the combination of formalized information processes and structures with non-formalized (as a rule, creative) in-formation processing. The latter helps not only find ways to solve complex problems that can not be found in formal models (algorithms) but also organize the process of problem solving as a holistic system. Human-machine interaction can not be fully algorithmic (in the formal sense), but it is possible to develop technology for mutual activities of humans and technical systems for problem solving. The role of people in technical control systems is constantly changing. Previously, a human was the link that was mostly responsible for process manage-ment. With the development of automated systems that was supported by the ever-increasing use of computers, people are increasingly taking over the functions of the control unit, at the same time keeping the role of an observer of the process. However, in recent years the role of humans in control systems has changed. In modern technical systems, they again play a leading role, which fully reveals their abilities and uses its boundary capabilities to optimally distribute the functions between human and machine, human and process. Human-machine interaction is a form of mutual use of reserves of humans and automated systems that is ultimately focused on humans. The article considers the stages of human-machine automation systems development, the composition and distribution of functions in human-machine systems, the possibility of their implementation, emergencies in automated technological facilities, and some examples of human-machine control in ACS TP thick-sheet rolling mills.

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД МІЖСЕКТОРНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

The article examines the foreign experience of intersectoral interaction of social entrepreneurship in the national economy in order to find out the possibilities of its further implementation in the Ukrainian reality. It is noted that even taking into account the fact of a small number of scientists who currently interpret social entrepreneurship in the form of mutual activities of business sectors, non-profit organizations and the state regarding social projects, this opinion still has a large number of supporters, despite the fact that this applies to both countries with economies in transition and developed countries. It is determined that for the realities of the Ukrainian national economy, the experience of leading foreign countries provides a clear understanding of the fact that intersectoral interaction increases the efficiency of organizations in all three sectors, and also gives them the opportunity to work together on what none of them could do on their own. It is noted that separately, participants, having their own specific resources, are not able to cover the needs of all life components, but when combined with their own specifics, they are able to give a synergistic effect. It is proved that intersectoral socio-economic interaction does not give the sum of combined resources, but a result that is several times higher than it. It is noted that without the creation and establishment of mechanisms for intersectoral cooperation, which will force, in a good sense of the word, to use an effective economic and social resource, it is impossible to achieve success in this area. It is determined that such cooperation can be represented as a triangle, the vertices of which are the state, business and social enterprise, and the state, when interacting with business communities through legislative initiatives, should ensure that the opportunities of social entrepreneurs are equalized in comparison with other companies. It was stated that such active support could be provided through various measures, including vocational training, the establishment of incentive quotas, the provision of loans or subsidies, the conclusion of special contracts and the granting of property rights to production, tax incentives, guarantees of compliance with contracts, or the provision of other types of technical or financial assistance to social enterprises. Based on the study of positive foreign experience, it is determined that a successful social enterprise in order to fulfill its mission and timely solve development tasks: must create a value social network at an early stage of its development; carefully considers its resource needs and accordingly develops a resource strategy that should be integrated into the business model at the earliest stage of the organization's development; integrates its target group into the value social network at an early stage of the organization's development.

An exploratory study examining the changes to Australia's social security system during COVID-19 lockdown measures.

During the 2020 COVID‐19 wave, the Australian Government made an additional $550 Coronavirus Supplement available for people receiving social security payments, and temporarily suspended mutual obligation requirements. By doing so, the government effectively gave people who had been long stigmatised and subject to punitive conditionality to compel them into the labour market, financial security and their time back. Drawing on survey responses from people who received the $550 Supplement and had their mutual obligation activities suspended or reduced, this research examines how people used their time during this period and whether it differed from pre‐pandemic government policy. We find that the increase in payments through the Supplement and the suspension of mutual obligations impacted positively on people's lives including the (1) the ability of respondents to meet basic needs and improve their long‐term financial security, (2) improvements to physical and emotional well‐being, (3) increased labour market engagement and (4) engagement in other forms of unpaid productive work.

ORGANIZATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES OF CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE INSPECTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIMES DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF CONSUMED

The article reveals some aspects of the organization of the functioning of criminal enforcement inspections for the prevention of crimes of different categories of convicts without isolation from society. On the basis of the conducted research, the reasons for the commission of crimes after registration with the criminal enforcement inspectorate are identified, problematic issues related to the organization of such mutual activities are considered. The special role of educational work in the application of influence to different categories of convicts without deprivation of liberty is noted. The active use of innovative technologies in the prevention of repeated crimes is proposed. The importance of ensuring the coordination of joint actions of prevention subjects in order to achieve the effectiveness of preventive and preventive effects is justified.

ANALISIS PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM MENJAGA KEBERSIHAN LINGKUNGAN, LINGKUNGAN VI KELURAHAN CENGKEH TURI KECAMATAN BINJAI UTARA PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

This research is motivated by the behavior of the community in maintaining environmental cleanliness, Environment VI, Cengkeh Turi Village, North Binjai District. Environment vi is one of six neighborhoods in Cengkeh Turi Village, North Binjai, North Sumatra Province. To find out the behavior of the community in maintaining environmental cleanliness, the researchers used a qualitative approach and conducted research with a number of informants as many as 15 residents and 1 Head of the Environment as key informants. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, the following results are obtained: 1) Community behavior regarding environmental cleanliness, Environment vi Kelurahan Cengkeh Turi, North Binjai District, can not be fully said to be good, because there are still people who throw garbage carelessly so that it is scattered on the roadside Not only that, there are also people who own livestock who do not have awareness in taking care of their livestock so that dirt and leftover food are scattered around the house which disturbs the comfort of the surrounding community. 2) Community efforts in maintaining environmental cleanliness, the Environment vi Cengkeh Turi Village, North Binjai District by cleaning their respective homes and disposing of household waste in containers/disposal places that have been provided in their respective yards. However, there are still people who arbitrarily burn their household waste in the yard, which disturbs the comfort of the surrounding community. 3) The role of the Head of the Environment in maintaining the cleanliness of the environment by holding mutual clean-up social activities which are carried out once or twice a month in their respective homes and also the prayer room, besides that the head of the environment is also active in conducting outreach regarding the importance of keeping the environment clean and reprimanding people who do not follow the direction of protecting the environment properly. The results showed that people's behavior in maintaining environmental cleanliness can be said to be good, although not yet one hundred percent.

Strengthening Nationalism Values Post-Conflict in Society Southwest Aceh

Strengthening the values of Nationalism in society is very important to do. This is especially true for communities that have been hit by prolonged conflict. This research was conducted based on the importance of strengthening the values of Nationalism in the people of Southwest Aceh after being hit by the conflict. The purpose of this study was to find out how the efforts made by the Southwest Aceh government in strengthening the values of Nationalism in the people of Southwest Aceh and to find out the inhibiting and supporting factors faced by the Southwest Aceh government to strengthen the values of nationalism in the people of Southwest Aceh. This study uses qualitative research methods, with data collection techniques through literature study, observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects in this study were village heads, village officials, traditional leaders, religious leaders and community leaders. The results showed that the form of strengthening the values of nationalism was carried out by socializing the values of nationalism through a cultural approach (ethnonationalism), a religious approach, commemorating national holidays, and mutual cooperation activities in society. Supporting factors in efforts to strengthen the values of nationalism in the people of Southwest Aceh are religious factors, the natural condition of the people of Southwest Aceh, and the character factor of the people of Southwest Aceh .Key Word: Values of Nationalism, Conflict

Fungsi Kearifan Lokal Dalam Menjaga Kelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Di Desa Penglipuran

This article examines the function of local wisdom of the Penglipuran Village community in preserving the environment in the insistence of modern life. Data obtained by in-depth interview techniques, observation, and by conducting a literature study. The discussion uses the functional structural theory from Talcot Parsons which states there are four important functions needed by all systems, namely adaptation, goal attainment, integration, latency. The analysis shows that the Penglipuran community can still survive to maintain local wisdom in terms of environmental conservation because traditional villages as a system function properly good. Hulu Apad Adat Elders and Adat leaders (Bendesa Adat), as implementers and enforcers of customary law both awig-awig and perarem who regulate environmental issues related to Hindu religious teachings, Tri Hita Karana, which regulates harmonious relations with God, fellow human beings, and natural environment. The effort made by the Penglipuran community to maintain local wisdom and at the same time be able to adapt to modern life is by maintaining the pattern of values ​​inherited from their ancestors. In the field of pawongan, the community maintains local wisdom to maintain harmony in neighboring and community life, among others; maintaining the existence of a hatchery or a road that gives access to neighboring yards, maintaining the existence of blended corals to avoid polygamous marriages which are believed to cause disharmony in family life, and to strengthen community social relations in addition to cooperation in carrying out mutual social activities and also cooperation in carrying out religious ceremonial activities, there is also local wisdom of nyangkepang sager. Sangkep or meeting with the tradition of eating together with a menu of rice with a side dish of salted fish (sager) added with grated coconut. In addition to fostering familiarity with fellow community members, it also means teaching a simple lifestyle that is different from the consumptive lifestyle of modern times. The preservation of traditional values ​​is passed on by parents to the next generation from an early age. Likewise, in the field of palemahan, environmental cleanliness, forest preservation is still maintained by protecting it through the enforcement of customary law whose sanctions are linked to beliefs or religions, namely Hinduism. Actions that cause damage to the environment are believed to be sinful acts. Adat community obedience to comply with these Customary rules when analyzed with the theory of validity and legal enforceability of Meuwissen. that the principles of Customary Law meet the requirements; social or factual enforceability, juridical enforceability and moral enforceability.

A Review on State of the Art in Flipped Classroom Technology A Blended E-Learning

Flipped is an emerging mode of blended e-learning, as blended is mix mode of learning to enhance the skills of students, saving the time and cost either sides (students and educators). Flipped classroom is such as an e-learning blended approach in which instructions can be hovered into individual and groups, interactively to exchange and solving the assigned problems. Flipped classroom approach presents the dynamic, interactive and user’s friendly environments for in class and online blended learning. This kind of mode leads students to enhance their interpersonal skills, collaborate the experiences, and innovate new horizons by mutual activities for the given problems. The flipped mode has at least four dimensions; friendly easy environment, supporting culture for learning, contents availability when offline, minimizing time cost, trained educators/professionals and reducing repetition of learning content’s cost. In Flipped model of learning, first students go to seeking the exposure of problems by visiting the contents, materials, videos and other materials before getting in the classroom in person, fully aware to share or inquire the problem related matters in the class, its inverse approach against traditional institutional learning model. This is very effective mode of learningfor activity based and assignment-based learning strategies prior commencing class, fruitfulfeedback can be shared and reducing the tutorial part.

Willingness to participate analysis of urban waste management in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Waste management shares the same purposes with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target in 2030. This program encourages all countries to substantially reduce waste through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse its waste so that the sustainability of development can be achieved. The success rate of sustainable waste management is largely determined by the participation and behavior of people, households, and citizens in managing their waste. This study analyzes socio-economic factors and the role of social capital in affecting households' willingness to participate in waste management in West Sumatra’s urban areas. This study used National Socio-Economic Survey data in the Social Resilience module. The sample in this study is 1011 households spread across the urban areas of West Sumatra. Using logistic regression, this study found that per capita household expenditure, homeownership status, knowledge, and household involvement in mutual cooperation activities to clean up their environment significantly affect the probability of households participating in urban waste management. The relevant policy, such as implementing the 3R concept, namely reduce, reuse, and recycling is needed for the Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved.

KOMI (ZYRYAN AND PERMYAK) LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE IN THE FINNISH LANGUAGE

The paper deals with the Finnish translations from the Komi literature and folklore, its purpose is to review the available Finnish publications from the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak literatures, as well as to identify some common features of the Komi-Finnish translation activity. It is established that Komi folklore was first published in the Finnish language in the 1880s-1890s, and fiction - in the 1920s, however, the main part of the available translations date back to the period after the 1980s. The increase in the intensity of mutual translation activities among the Finno-Ugric peoples since the 1990s is connected with the establishment and development of contacts in the literary sphere: the Association of Finno-Ugric literatures appears, writers' congresses are regularly held. One of the goals of such cooperation is mutual acquaintance with literary creativity, which is carried out primarily through literary translation. About four hundred of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak works are presented in Finnish. Translations into Finnish are carried out not only in Finland, but also in Karelia, where the Finnish language is used as a literary language. Translations made in Finland are characterized by an exceptional dominance of poetry, with intermediary language used very rarely, transcriptions are made directly from the original language. In Karelia there is interest in the Komi prose, but translators work using the Russian language.

Pendampingan Pembuatan Disinfektan dan Pembersihan Lingkungan dalam Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19 di Kelurahan Parit Padang Kecamatan Sungailiat Kabupaten Bangka

Parit Padang is a sub-district located in Sungaliat District, Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Parit Padang Village is in the middle of the city of Sungailiat, where the spread of covid-19 will spread faster. In order to prevent covid-19, the students of the Parit Padang Community Service Program at Bangka Belitung University conducted socialization on how to make disinfectants and clean the environment. The method of KKN UBB activities is in the form of socialization and direct practice to the target community. The result of the UBB Community Service Program is that the community understands how to prevent COVID-19 by using disinfectants to clean the surface of objects that are often physically contacted, and understand how to make disinfectants. The environmental cleaning activities of Parit Padang were carried out with the residents. The Parit Padang community really welcomes the mutual cooperation activities carried out with UBB KKN students.

Non-face-to-face writing class case study -Focused on peer feedback activities-

본 논문은 2020-2학기 창원대의 글쓰기 수업 사례를 통해 비대면 글쓰기 수업에서 동료 피드백 활동의 역할과 가치를 살펴보았다. 우선 학생들을 대상으로 실시한 비대면 수업 진단 설문 결과를 분석하여 비대면 수업에 대한 학생들의 인식을 엿보았다. 학생들은 과중한 과제와 상호 소통 부재를 문제점으로 들었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 비대면 수업 상황에서도 대면 수업과 같이 쌍방향 소통이 활발히 이루어져야 한다. 이에 글쓰기 수업은 학습 무기력과 과제 부담을 덜어줄 협력 활동 제시, 동료 피드백 활동을 통한 능동적인 태도 함양, 그리고 상호 소통과 협력에 의한 글쓰기 효능감 향상을 수업 운영의 기본 방향으로 삼았다. 이런 기본 방향에 따라 학생들은 동료들과의 소통에 초점을 두고 글쓰기 전 과정에서 동료 피드백을 진행하였다. 먼저 내용 생성과 조직 단계에서의 구조화 과정을 상호 첨삭활동으로 진행하였다. 집필하기와 고쳐 쓰기 단계에서는 온라인 플랫폼을 활용한 쌍방향 댓글 달기를 진행하고 모둠별 온라인 합평하기로 논의를 확대하였다. 이렇게 비대면 글쓰기 수업 전 과정에서 동료 피드백 활동은 수업 운영의 주요한 방식으로 활용되었으며 학습자의 글쓰기 역량과 효능감에도 영향을 미쳤다.This thesis examines the role and value of peer feedback activities in non-face-to-face writing classes through the case of writing classes at Changwon University in the 2020-2 semester. First of all, by analyzing the results of the non-face-to-face class diagnosis questionnaire conducted for students, students perception of the non-face-to-face class was examined. Students cited many tasks and lack of communication as problems. In order to solve these problems, two-way communication must be actively conducted as in face-to-face class even in non-face-to-face class situations. Therefore, the basic direction of the class management was to suggest cooperative activities to relieve the burden of learning helplessness and task, to cultivate active attitudes through peer feedback activities, and to improve the writing efficacy through mutual communication and cooperation. Following this basic direction, students focused on communication with peers and provided peer feedback throughout the writing process. First, the structuring process at the content creation and content organization stage was carried out as mutual correction activities. In the writing and rewriting phases, interactive commenting was conducted using an online platform, and discussions were expanded to co-operate online for each group. In this way, in the entire course of non-face-to-face writing, peer feedback was used as a major method of class management, and it affected the learner s writing competencies and sense of efficacy.

Optimising Subsea Well Source Control Timeframes

ABSTRACT In response to the Montara and Macondo subsea well incidents in 2009–10, the industry's knowledge of and ability to respond to a subsea source control (SSC) event has greatly improved. Industry has invested heavily in its response capabilities and established best practices to resolve future incidents that may arise in the offshore oil and gas operations. The investment has driven rapid advancements in science, engineering, and new technological equipment developments to establish a higher standard for SSC preparedness and readiness. The industry now has a high confidence in its ability to deal with a subsea well release. The growth in capability has led to many variations in equipment and response plans, which has led to complexity in an already highly technical field. To reduce the complexity, common understanding is required of all the actions that comprise a SSC response, the linkages and dependencies between all the actions, and the critical path items that influence the overall timeframes of regaining control of the well. With a common understanding of the response plan comes enhanced industry, regulator and community confidence in the ability of the oil and gas industry to appropriately manage its environmental and social impacts. To help with this effort, the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) has produced reports 592, 594 and 595. Report 594 is a guideline that can be used to support subsea source control response planning and Report 595 addresses capping stack design and operational reliability. IOGP Report 592 - Subsea Capping Response Time Model Toolkit User Guide, was completed in December 2019. It was jointly developed by IOGP and the Australian National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Authority (NOPSEMA). This report involved the creation of a digital subsea response time model that is freely available with a number of different software templates. The objective was to create a common standardized document that described the processes for preparing and implementing a subsea well blowout response in a timeline format, and in doing so, identify and communicate critical path activities, areas that can be prioritised pre-response, be easily transferrable to other parties to support mutual aid activities and, should the need arise, be used as an actual response project planning tool. This paper informs readers of these resources and explains the reasoning behind their creation.

Analisis Pengembangan Desa Wisata di Desa Sumber Urip, Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu

This study aims to explain the stretching of the tourism village development in terms of the form of community participation. Research uses qualitative descriptive approach, the analysis is carried out using the exchange theory. The research results show the form of participation by the community can be seen from the construction of tourist facilities. Pokdarwis involvement as a tourism manager is carried out by taking four stages of participation: namely, participation in planning through the activity of conveying ideas in the form of criticism and suggestions at the planning meeting for tourism village development activities. Furthermore, the implementation stage is manifested in the form of personnel participating in the form of mutual assistance activities to improve the condition of tourist facilities, environmental maintenance by cleaning up trash on the hiking trail and becoming parking guards. On the other hand, the form of skill participation carried out by the community is manifested through activities of making tourist souvenirs and promotion on social media. Meanwhile, the utilization stage is carried out through efforts to open business opportunities and opportunities for youth who do not have a job. Finally, the evaluation stage is carried out by taking a comparative study activity to other Tourism Villages as a comparison to see the success of the Bukit Kaba Tourism Village.

A Methodology of Workshops to Explore Mutual Assistance Activities for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation.

To minimize the damage caused by large earthquakes, mutual assistance activities between residents and rescue victims (i.e., to support residents who cannot evacuate individually) are important. To enhance these activities, the technologies and methods for creating a Community Disaster Management Plan (CDMP), based on the quantitative evaluation of mutual assistance abilities, are required. However, the lack of a method for it is a key issue. This study aims to develop a methodology of workshops for making CDMPs by using the developed support tool by the authors to explore and promote mutual assistance activities. Through the demonstration and examination of a Community Disaster Management Plan on actual districts, the findings mentioned in this article were obtained. Moreover, the usability of this method is shown. In particular, this method is effective at revising CDMPs, and raising resident awareness on the importance of mutual assistance. The suggested method can also improve the lack of techniques involved in promoting mutual assistance.

Hak dan Kewajiban Krama Desa terhadap Karang Desa di Desa Adat Tumbu Karangasem

The relationship between the ruler and the land is closely related to obligations in the form of ayahan for village karma for both the banjar and the village. This study aims to determine the control of village coral and the legal consequences if there is village karma that neglects its obligations. The research method used in this research is empirical legal research with a conceptual approach. Data that has been collected through interview techniques. The results of this study indicate that the right for village krama who has carried out their obligations is to legally obtain Karang Desa land protected by the village. If Krama Desa dies, he will receive land. Meanwhile, the obligation of the village manners who occupy the village reef is obliged to take part in the village temple during the odalan fee in the form of pepesan money (klangsah palpalan penjor) and must be present at the time of mutual cooperation activities. Through this research, it is hoped that the village officers will socialize more often about Karang Desa, especially regarding their rights and obligations so that one day the Krama Desa who violates them will not be given sanctions.

PENANAMAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN MELALUI KEGIATAN GOTONG ROYONG DI SDN UNYUR

The background of this research was the importan ce of the environmental care character built from an early age starting in elementary school, and instilled in various ways ; one of which wa s through mutual cooperation activities. The purpose of this study include d two things : first, to determine the implementation of building the environmental care characte r through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur and second, to determine strategies to foster the environmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur. This research was descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted at SDN Unyur, Serang, Banten. The results showed that the implementation of building environmental care character through mutual cooperation at SDN Unyur include d environmental care activitie s in the classroom, environmental care activities outside the classroom, and annual environmental care activities. The strategy for fostering the environmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur was instilled by making teachers as role models, giving sanctions and appreciation to students, and providing facilities and infrastructure support ing the manifestation of the environment car e characte r. The background of this research was the importan ce of the environmental care character built from an early age starting in elementary school, and instilled in various ways ; one of which wa s through mutual cooperation activities. The purpose of this study include d two things : first, to determine the implementation of building the environmental care characte r through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur and second, to determine strategies to foster the environmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur. This research was descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted at SDN Unyur, Serang, Banten. The results showed that the implementation of building environmental care character through mutual cooperation at SDN Unyur include d environmental care activitie s in the classroom, environmental care activities outside the classroom, and annual environmental care activities. The strategy for fostering the environmental care character through mutual cooperation activities at SDN Unyur was instilled by making teachers as role models, giving sanctions and appreciation to students, and providing facilities and infrastructure support ing the manifestation of the environment car e characte r.

Community Participation in Public Peace and Order in Imandi Village, East Dumoga Subdistrict, Bolaang Mongondow Regency

This study aims to analyze and describe the public participation level and the factors supporting and inhibiting public participation in maintaining peace and order in Imandi Village. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. This research was located in Imandi Village, East Dumoga Subdistrict, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The results showed that: 1) The Imandi Village community’s participation is still not well implemented. Therefore, it will be better to maintain public peace and order in the village if it starts from individuals as small community units. It allows the realization of solidarity, which will significantly affect group members or community members in public peace and order implementation. 2) Efforts to motivate people to participate through Mapalus (mutual assistance activities) need leaders who can be role models. Village community leaders can be the key motivator in mutual assistance activities, but the government’s participation is required. (3) The village government and its apparatus must continue to managing and fostering community members, especially in multicultural communities, to prevent the disruption of public peace and order.