Brassica Juncea Research Articles

Effect of sulphur and micronutrients (ZN and B) on growth, yield attributes and yield of transplanted mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Effect of sulphur and micronutrients (ZN and B) on growth, yield attributes and yield of transplanted mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Complementary effects of nitrogen levels and planting configuration of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) intercropping on yield gains

Complementary effects of nitrogen levels and planting configuration of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) intercropping on yield gains

Impact of nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in the Prayagraj region

Impact of nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in the Prayagraj region

Effect of nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth attributes and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) grown in vertisol

Effect of nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth attributes and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) grown in vertisol

Effect of various sources and doses of Sulphur on yield and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Effect of various sources and doses of Sulphur on yield and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Irrigation Levels and Anti-Transpirants Impact on Growth Attributes and Phenology of Different Varieties of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Irrigation Levels and Anti-Transpirants Impact on Growth Attributes and Phenology of Different Varieties of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Effect of foliar application of nano urea on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Effect of foliar application of nano urea on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

BjuB05.GS1.4 promotes nitrogen assimilation and participates in the domestication of shoot NUE in Brassica juncea

Elucidating crops' physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt to low nitrogen environment and promoting nitrogen transfer from senescent leaves to new leaves is crucial in improving Brassica's nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Glutamine synthetase (GS), a vital gene that helps plants to reassimilate ammonium released from protein degradation in leaves, was the focus of our research. In this study, we identified high (H141) and low NUE genotype (L65) genotypes of Brassica juncea with different responses to low-nitrogen stress. We observed that H141 has a lower nitrate content but higher ammonium and free amino acid contents as well as higher nitrate reductase and GS activities in the shoots. These physiological indicators are responsible for the high NUE of H141. Whole-genome resequencing data revealed that 5,880 genes associated with NUE are polymorphic between H141 and L65. These genes participate in amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolic pathways. Haplotype analysis revealed two haplotypes for BjuB05.GS1.4. Hap1 and Hap2 have multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms or insertions/deletions in the regulatory regions of 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions and introns. Furthermore, the shoot NUE of Hap1 is significantly lower than that of Hap2. The two haplotypes of BjuB05.GS1.4 led to differences in the shoot NUEs of different genetic populations of mustard and are associated with the local soil nitrogen content, suggesting that they might help mustard to adapt to different geographies. In conclusion, the results of our study shed light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying different mustard NUE genotypes and demonstrate the enormous potential of NUE breeding in B.juncea.

Putrescine enhances heat stress tolerance in Brassica juncea L. Seedlings by modulating growth and physiological responses

Putrescine enhances heat stress tolerance in Brassica juncea L. Seedlings by modulating growth and physiological responses

Recycling plant nutrients in mixing several organic to serve hydroponic cultivation of vegetables and herbs, enhancing circulatory economy

Abstract Urine, rich in Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K), shows promise as a nutrient solution for cultivation, benefiting both nutrition and waste management. This study focuses on producing plant nutrients from human urine using biochar to absorb urine, soybeans meal residue, biogas waste, and fish heads & bones. These nutrients were evaluated against Vietnamese standards (TCVN). The nutrient solutions were tested on green mustard and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in a hydroponic system. Results indicated that the nutrient solution from desorbed human urine reached a maximum solute concentration of 2343.3 ppm after 15 days, surpassing other materials. Though slightly lower in total nitrogen compared to fish heads & bones (68.2 mg/l vs 69.5 mg/l), urine nutrients had higher total P2O5 and available potassium (171.8 mg/l and 592.5 mg/l, respectively). The urine solution performed comparably to soybeans meal residue and the inorganic Hoagland solution. Green mustard treated with urine solution had the best dry content, vitamin C, and low heavy metals. For Gynostemma pentaphyllum, the urine solution yielded the highest saponins, flavonoids, and minerals. Economic analysis of hydroponic models using urine solution showed significant promise, indicating its viability in hydroponics.

Transcriptional, biochemical, and histochemical response of resistant and susceptible cultivars of Brassica juncea against Albugo candida infection.

White rust disease caused by a biotrophic oomycete Albugo candida is one of the most serious impediments in realizing the production potential of Brassica juncea. Due to the obligate nature of the pathogen, R-gene-based resistance is unstable as the newer virulent races emerge quickly. For this, a deep understanding of the molecular basis of resistance is essential for developing durable resistant varieties. In this study, we selected one susceptible cultivar, 'Pusa Jaikisan' and its single R gene based resistant NIL, 'Pusa Jaikisan WRR as the source of understanding the defense mechanism in B. juncea against A. candida. Comparative histochemical analysis at 12 dpi showed higher callose deposition in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible which hints towards its possible role in defense mechanism. Based on the biochemical markers observation, total protein was found to have a negative correlation with the resistance. The antioxidant enzymes (POX, CAT, and SOD) and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging compounds such as polyphenols and proline showed a positive correlation with the white rust resistance. Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) total chlorophyll and total carotenoids were also found to be more abundant in the 'Pusa Jaikisan WRR'. Based on the heat map analysis, PAL was identified to be the comparatively most induced enzyme involved in the defense mechanism. The polyphenol oxidase, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids were also found to show higher activity in the 'Pusa Jaikisan WRR'. Furthermore, to study the defense response of 'Pusa Jaikisan WRR' compared to 'Pusa Jaikisan' against A. candida infection, the gene expression analyses of salicylic acid (SA)-marker PR protein genes (PR1 and PR2) and jasmonic acid (JA)-marker PR protein genes (PR3 and PR12) were done by qRT-PCR. Based on the results, PR2 emerged as the best possible gene for defense against A. candida followed by PR1. PR3 and PR12 also showed positive correlation with the disease resistance which may be due to the JA pathway acting complementary to the SA pathway in case of B. juncea-A. candida interaction. This provides evidence for the JA-SA hormonal crosstalk to be synergistic in case of the white rust resistance.

Analysis of Leaf Moisture of Chinese Mustard Green and Water Spinach using Single-Port Circular SRR Microwave Sensor for Post-Harvest in the Agriculture Industry

Analysis of Leaf Moisture of Chinese Mustard Green and Water Spinach using Single-Port Circular SRR Microwave Sensor for Post-Harvest in the Agriculture Industry

Tahong (Perna Viridis) Shells and Vegetable Scraps as Fertilizers: A Comparative Study in Growing Mustasa (Brassica Juncea)

Several factors are playing a role in the demise of local farmers. One of which is the expensive commercially-available fertilizers. Fertilizers is one of the critical inputs in agricultural farming. And with this problem of the absence of cost-effective fertilizers, farmers opted for commercial ones that can be substandard and are packed with harmful chemicals that may cause irreversible damage to the soil itself, preventing farmers to have optimal crop yields. Many studies have claimed that organic wastes such as: fruit peels, tea, and coco peat are some of the effective organic fertilizers that are readily available to everyone. Moreover, the increasing biodegradable wastes produced in the Philippines is continuously rising, and one of the major components of collected wastes are vegetable scraps and mussel shells. To address the problems of local farmers regarding cost-effective fertilizers and help in converting wastes into something useful, this study was established. This aims to create new solutions that can aid local farmers and help the environment. The setups such as tahong shells, vegetable scraps, mixed treatment, and control group were observed as they influence the growth of Mustasa plant for 31 days. The data collected were then analyzed using two-way and one-way ANOVA to determine all the significant differences between the four (4) setups. The statistical tool was able to determine that there is a significant difference in all of the different setups. It also revealed that the treatment with combined tahong shells and vegetable scraps were able to grow the Mustasa most significantly in terms of its leaves’ width, plant height, and fresh weight. The researchers further recommend to use different ratios of treatments and soil to acquire the ratio that will further result to a higher crop yield.

Physiochemical Properties and Volatile Profiles in Thai Pickled Mustard Greens Subjected to Varied Fermentation Conditions

P ickled mustard green (Brassica juncea) is a traditional fermented vegetable product in Thailand, commonly used as a culinary ingredient due to its distinctive flavor. However, community-level pickled mustard production often faces challenges in terms of consistent physical and chemical characteristics. This research aims to improve the quality of pickled mustard greens (PMGs) at the community level. The study investigated the effects of different fermentation processes on the chemical, physical, and volatile organic compound profiles of pickled mustard greens. Five fermentation treatments were compared, varying in starter culture concentration (0% and 2%), salt content (0% and 5%), sugar content (5% and 10%), and vinegar addition (0% and 5%). The results investigated that the treatment with lactic acid bacteria, salt, sugar, and vinegar (at concentrations of 2%, 5%, 5%, and 5% respectively) has a positive correlation with the physical quality of the PMGs. Significant differences in pH, titratable acidity, and salt content were found between inoculated and uninoculated samples. Hydrocarbons were identified as the primary compounds contributing to the flavor across all fermentation methods. These findings offer valuable guidelines for improving pickled mustard production, benefiting communities and private sectors involved in this field.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Establishment Methods on Growth, Yield and Economics of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Adaption of Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed System (FIRBS) and date of seeding are one of the important input for crop production particularly for rabi crop. Early planting through raised bed of mustard can compensate the late planting at least 10-15 days. Under this circumstance the use of raised bed planter along with timely sowing of mustard can produce higher yield. An adaptive research trail was conducted during the rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at farmer’s field in Jamui district to study the effect of different sowing dates and establishment methods of mustard crop. The trail was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with two method of sowing and three dates of sowing. The growth characters like plant height, leaf area index, no. of primary branches plant-1, no. of secondary branch plant-1, no. of silique plant-1, no. of seeds silique-1 were recorded. Test weight, grain and straw yield was influenced significantly due to different sowing dates and sowing methods. Higher plant height at harvest stage (160 cm), leaf area index at 60 DAS (3.3), no. of primary branches plant-1 (4.0), no. of secondary branch plant-1 (7.8), no. of silique plant-1 (292.4), no. of seeds silique-1 (9.7), test weight (3.8), grain (10.1 q ha-1) and straw yield (22.4 q ha-1) were recorded when the crop was sown on 05th November during both years. Whereas the mustard crop sown on FIRBS recorded highest growth attributes, yield components and seed yield (12.5 q ha-1) as compared to conventional method. Highest benefit cost ratio was calculated with (FIRBS) Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed system (2.0) as compared to all other treatments.

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis revealed color formation in purple leaf mustard (Brassica juncea)

Purple leaf mustard has garnered attention owing to its abundant anthocyanin content. This study investigated the phenolic metabolome and transcriptome of purple variety ZC-Red and green variety ZC-2. Each of the two varieties had three biological replicates, and each replicate consisted of ten leaves from five plants. Phenolic metabolome was analyzed using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system and tandem mass spectrometry, and the transcriptome sequencing platform was the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The green variety ZC-2 was used as the control for differential analysis. All differential metabolites and genes were significant. Findings revealed the accumulation of anthocyanins in ZC-Red, whereas ZC-2 exhibited higher levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids, excluding anthocyanins. This could be attributed to the directional preference of the phenylpropanoid metabolic flow. Transcriptome analysis highlighted the pivotal roles of phenylpropanoid metabolism and photosynthesis in color formation. In ZC-Red, nearly all anthocyanin biosynthesis genes exhibited up-regulation, with multiple genes in late biosynthesis showing increases thousands of times greater than ZC-2. Conversely, the expression of genes associated with photosystem subunits and light-harvesting complexes was down-regulated. Key candidate transcription factors, including MYB113, TT8, WRKY44, and MYB30, were identified as regulators of anthocyanin and photosynthesis. Findings contribute valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation. Core differential metabolites such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids are of great significance to the utilization of diversified functional compounds and targeted breeding of leaf mustard.

Analysis of the adoption process of instant noodle giving behavior to toddlers: A phenomenological study of learn, feel, and do in mothers

Background: Instant noodle giving by mother to toddler can be bad for toddler's health, especially if presented without additional material containing protein, mineral or vitamin. The purpose of this study is to determine the stage of learn, feel and do experienced by informants in adopting the behavior of giving instant noodles in toddlers. Method: Researchers use qualitative approach method with phenomenology design. The research data was collected through interviews and observation of 23 informants consisting of mother of toddler, family of toddler and TPG of Puskesmas Turikale. The data is then processed using content analysis. Findings: Sources of informant information are personal experiences, friends, television and internet. Informants know the side effects of instant noodles such as allergies, digestive disorders, and addictions. Informants also looked at instant noodles as a practical food, affordable, easy to find, and increase appetite of toddlers. Conclusion: Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that at the stage of learning is found the reason for giving instant noodles due to the child's desire factor and belief to the excess of instant noodles, while at the feel of informant stage confident of the danger of instant noodle but not bigger than the child's desire factor, to stage do with the pattern of adoption trial-do is to try some practices such as giving instant noodles that are not berkuah with additional ingredients that informants provide eggs and green mustard greens. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the use of the learn, feel, and do approach to analyze the process of adopting instant noodle-giving behaviour in toddlers, focusing on the mother's internal conflict and the trial-do adoption pattern. This study is also unique because it uses a phenomenological method to explore various factors influencing mothers' decisions, including social, economic, and psychological aspects, and identifies diverse sources of information shaping their knowledge and perceptions.

Documentation On Medicinal Plants of Khanapur Forest Bidar District, Karnataka

The present study was undertaken to document medicinal plants of Khanapur forest Bidar district, karnataka the documentation of medicinal plants helps to recognize the overall ecological conditions and gives profound understanding of the economic medicinal and traditional importance of medicinal plants diversity. The present research documentation work was started in November 2023 and completed in February 2024. The present study reported that 119 Medicinal plant species belongs to 54 families distributed in Khanapur forest Bidar included angiosperms Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Abrus precatorius, Ephedra, Withania sominifera, Catharanthus roseus, Tinospora cardifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus amarus, allium sativum, Cocos nucifera, Coleus aromaticus, Curcuma longa, Martynia annua, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia chebula,Tithonia diversifolia, Acalypha indica, Brassica juncea, Clitoria ternatea, Datura metal, Delonix elata, Euphorbia antiquorum, Luffa acutangula, Madhuca longifolia, Myristica fragrans, Santalum album and Vitex negundo are some of the important medicinal plants of Khanapur forest Bidar district of karnataka.

The Effect of Different Bases of Vegetable and Carrageenan Concentrations on The Quality of The Mix Vegetable Leather of Lettuce and Mustars Greens

The benefits of each vegetable are different, one vegetable cannot be substituted for another. Vegetable processing in Indonesia is still very limited to sautéed, boiled, steamed or eaten directly, meaning that people's interest in vegetable consumption is still relatively low. However, increasing public awareness of the use of vegetables encourages variations in vegetable processing. One of the processing that can be applied to vegetables is manufacturing mix vegetable leather. Vegetable leather is a processed product derived from crushed and dried vegetables. The diverse benefits of each vegetable encourage its creationmix vegetable leather orvegetable leather which uses more than 1 vegetable as the basic ingredient. Mustard greens and lettuce are vegetables with high production in Indonesia. Apart from that, the crude fiber from mustard greens is 51.07%, while lettuce contains 50.7% crude fiber. The purpose of this study is to obtain the effect of vegetable basis and carrageenan concentration variance on mix vegetable leather of lettuce and mustard greens. The increase of people awareness of vegetable utilization drives to variate the vegetable processing. Each vegetable has its own unique benefits thus they could not be easily subtituted and mixed. This study used RAL with two factors, those are variety of vegetable basis between lettuce and mustard greens (30,50,100) and carrageenan consentration (1% and 1,5%). The chemical respond in this study covers moisture content, ash content, and crude fiber, while the organoleptic respond covers color, aroma, flavor, and texture. The best treatment is found on A1B1, that has 30 g for vegetable basis and 1% of carrageenan consentration with 13,31 % moisture content, 12,29% ash content, 8,24% crude fiber, 3,7 score in color and 2,05 color quality; aroma 3.23 and aroma quality 2.80; taste 3.40 and taste quality 3.06; and texture 3.46 and texture quality 3.73.

Molecular Evidence of Crosstalk Between Bacterial Endophytes and Plant Transcriptome in Brassica juncea

Molecular Evidence of Crosstalk Between Bacterial Endophytes and Plant Transcriptome in Brassica juncea