Mussel Research Articles

ACUTE TOXICITIES OF CRUDE OILS AND OIL-DISPERSANT MIXTURES TO RED SEA FISHES AND INVERTEBRATES

ABSTRACT Crude oil from fields in the Persian Gulf and in the Sinai plus a chemical oil dispersant were tested, using static bioassay procedures, for toxicity to adults or juveniles of ten marine species: Heteroxenia fuscescens, a soft coral; Nerita forskali and Drupa granulata, gastropod molluscs; Mytilus variabilis, a mussel; Acanthopleura haddoni, a chiton (mollusc); Echinometra mathaei, sea urchin; Calcinus latens, a hermit crab; Palaemon pacificus, a shrimp; Parupeneus barberinus, goatfish; and Siganus rivulatus, rabbitfish. Concentrations fatal to 50% of individual test species in 168 hours, LC-50 (168 h), ranged from 0.74 to more than 30.0 ml/liter for Persian Gulf crude, from 14.5 to more than 30.0 ml/liter for Sinai crude, and from 0.006 to 0.064 ml/liter for the dispersant. In general, fishes and crustaceans were the most sensitive groups assayed and molluscs the most resistant LC-50 (168 h) values for oil-dispersant mixtures of 10 parts oil to 1 part dispersant (v/v) for selected species ranged...

Evaluation of bivalve clearance rate (CR) as a physiological indicator of heavy metal toxicity in freshwater mussel, Anodonta cygnea (Linea, 1876).

This study was performed to evaluate suitability of clearance rate (CR) as a physiological indicator of zinc (essential element) and chromium (non-essential element) toxicity in Anodonta cygnea (Linea, 1876). CR of bivalves was measured before and after 9 and 18 days exposure to 100 µg l -1 Zn and Cr during 120 min with 15 min intervals. 5, 25 and 125 µg l -1 concentrations of each metal were used for CR measurement. Irregular fluctuations were observed in pre-exposed CR of bivalves in all three concentrations of both metals during 2 hour period. There was significant difference (α=0/05; P < 0/025) between CR of Zn and Cr in lowest (5 µg l -1 ) and highest (125 µg l -1 ) exposure concentrations. Maximum CR for both metals was obtained in lower concentration. Also, calculated post-exposed CR for both metals in days 9 and 18 after exposure were significantly (α=0/05; P < 0/01) lower than control bivalves. Based on the results, clearance rate is a useful measure of heavy metal toxicity in A. cygnea as a model of freshwater bivalves.

Inspired by mussels, a strong adhesive

Inspired by mussels, a strong adhesive

Comparison of gene expression in glochidia and adult freshwater pearl mussels (Chamberlainia hainesiana) using cDNA-AFLP and differential display techniques

Comparison of gene expression betweenglochidia and adult stages of freshwater pearlmussels, Chamberlainia hainesiana, was performedusing cDNA-AFLP and differential displaytechniques. DNA fingerprints from cDNA-AFLPusing 64 primers combination produced 16 differentDNA bands between glochidia and adult samples,whereas from differential display using 136 random/oligo dT primer pairs produced 14 different DNAbands. Sequencing and BLAST analysis of alldifferentially expressed fragments were reported.All sequences obtained did match the sequences inmantle cDNA library of freshwater pearl mussel,Hyriopsis cumingii Lea. One DNA fragment was apart of gene coding for fasciclin-like protein, one ofthe genes potentially involved in pearl formation.Moreover, DNA marker specific to C. hainesiana,the high level pearl producing mussel, wasdeveloped and tested for specificity comparing toother mussels.

Diversity of the edible fishes of the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria and the public health concerns based on their Lead (Pb) content

In this study, a total of eighteen fish species were recorded in the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria during a one year survey. Among the animals species recorded, the following, Galeoidesdecadactylus, Dentex gibbosus, Elops lacerta, Scomber japonicus, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Lutjanus agennes, Caranx senegallus, Callinectes amnicola, Paeneus notialis and Mytilus edulis were considered to be abundant in the Lagos lagoon based on the frequency of occurrence in fishermen catches. The analysis of the lead content in muscles of the edible fisheries revealed that the animals accumulated measurable quantity of lead in the edible parts. The level of lead detected in most (12 out of 18 species) of the fisheries species were found to be lower than the daily allowable concentration of 2.0 µg/g standard recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Fishes species with high level of lead in their edible parts include Senegal jack, C. senegallus (2.188 µg/g), Bobo croaker, Pseudotolithus elongatus (2.024 µg/g), Cassava croaker, Pseudotolithus senegalensis (3.157 µg/g), crayfish, Penaeus notialis (25.46µg/g), edible mussel, Mytilus edulis (17.69 µg/g) and crab,Callinectes amnicola (10.19 µg/g). The mean levels of lead in Mytilus edulis, Penaeus notialis, and Callinectes amnicola collected from the Lagos lagoon were about 8 to 24 times higher than the WHO daily allowable standards for lead in sea foods and are therefore unsafe for human consumption. The need for regular monitoring of the levels of metals and other contaminants in edible fisheries resources and collaboration between environmental, health and food agencies to avert human tragedies due to lead accumulation are discussed. Key words: Bioaccumulation, lead, industrial pollution, aquatic ecosystem, biomonitoring.

Feeding, development, and growth of juvenile perch perca fluviatilis in mesocosms in the presence of filter-feeding zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha pallas

6360 specimens/m 2 , and the biomass was 3.73 kg/m 2 (Perova, 2004). At the same time, the maximum abun� dance of zebra mussel in Lake Erie (United States) reached 700000 specimens/m 2 (Primak, 2002). An abrupt increase in the abundance of zebra mussel in water bodies can lead to changes in the trophic chains of ecosystems. Even a lower abundance of zebra mus� sel leads to the poor food supply of zooplankton; to changes in the structural and functional relationships in bacterial, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic communities; and to changes in the food supply for fish and in the fish productivity of the water body. The rapid invasion of the zebra mussel in Europe and the United States stimulated intensive investigations into the potential effect that this organism may have on the resident components of water biotopes (Dgebuadze,

TRACE ELEMENTS AND RADIONUCLIDES IN MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS FROM CAMPANIA REGION (ITALY)

Several trace element (As, Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn, Zn) and gamma radionuclide (Bi-214, Cs-134, Cs-137, K-40, Pb-212, Pb-214, Th-234, Tl-208) contents were detected in Mytilus galloprovincialis samples. Analytical checks were carried out to assess higienic status and marine pollution of sea areas in front of Naples and Salerno coasts. Trace elements values show that only two samples of mussels from legal breeding has exceeded the level of Pb (European Regulation 1661/99). Radionuclides values are low and similar according litterature. In this study is confirmed the attitude of Mytilius galloprovincialis to behave as a good marine pollution indicator. Furthermore, the present investigation is a starting point to enhance safety and quality of this particular foodstuff and it’s also a contribution in the risk assessment related to the consumption of this kind of products.

Experimental accumulation and persistence of norovirus, feline calicivirus and rotavirus in blue musseis (Mytilus edulis)

Outbreaks of viral gastrointestinal diseases due to the consumption of contaminated shellfish have been repeatedly reported. Human pathogenic viruses may accumulate in shellfish after faecal contamination of the growing area and thereafter persist tor several weeks. Here, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were contaminated with noroviruses and rotaviruses for 24 hours in a recirculation artificial seawater system. Noroviruses were found to be enriched 100 to 1000fold within the mussels and persisted therein for at least 4 weeks as assessed by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR. In contrast, rotaviruses were not efficiently enriched in shellfish and they were only detectable tor approximately one week using realtime RT-PCR and cell culture. Feline calicivirus, used as surrogate for norovirus infectivity testing, was also only detectable in shellfish for approximately oneweek. For rotavirus, the inactivation kinetics in shellfish and contaminated seawater were largely similar. In contrast, norovirus was highly stable in shellfish for at least 4 weeks, but the amount declined in seawater and was no longer detectable therein at 3 weeks after contamination. The results indicate a unique mechanism of norovirus enrichment and persistence in shellfish. For improvement of microbial safety, surveillance may be focused on detection of noroviruses in shellfish samples.

The use of cholinergic biomarker, cholinesterase activity of blue mussel Mytilus edulis to detect the effects of organophosphorous pesticides

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of organophosphorous pesticide on thecholinesterase activity of different organs of Mytilus edulis. The mussels were exposed to serial dilutions of the pesticides (0, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 µg/l) for 96 h. A significant inhibition of the cholinesterase activity from gill occurred at the lowest concentration, which indicated that gill was the most sensitive organ. The moderate sensitive organs were foot and mantle, which wereinhibited by trichlorfon at 200 μg/l. The least sensitive organs were hemolymph, posterior adductor muscle and digestive gland were inhibited at 1000 μg/l. After incubation of the trichlorfon-exposed mussels for seven days in clean media, the cholinesterase activities from different organs of mussels were not cured completely. The cholinesterase activities from hemolymph, gill, posterior adductor muscle and digestive gland recovered, while the persistent inhibition of cholinesterase activity from foot and mantle were observed. Key words: Biomarker, cholinesterase, mussel, trichlorfon.

Comparative Gerontology--From Mussels to Man

Comparative Gerontology--From Mussels to Man

On the spawning season of mussels, Mytilus crassitesta LISOHKE

On the spawning season of mussels, Mytilus crassitesta LISOHKE

Toxinas de cianobactérias e microalgas marinhas: um desafio para a ecotoxicologia aquática

The purpose of this review is to draw attention to the growing number of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms in aquatic environments, specially cyanobacteria and marine microalgae. The first group is a producer of major hepatotoxins, neurotoxins and dermatotoxins. Cyanobacteria are responsible for most poisoning events in epicontinental aquatic environments. Eukaryotic microalgae, in marine environments such as diatoms and dinoflagellates, are great producers of a variety of phycotoxins. These syndromes are caused by consumption of contaminated mussels or ciguatera intoxication by consumption of fish (CFP). The current situation demands attention because many events occur and are not notified for important historical studies on seasonal flower blooms. Methodological issues and skilled labor also hinder more precise diagnosis of the blooms. The cooperation between different professionals with different backgrounds as taxonomists, chemists, biologists and environmental engineers is essential for ecotoxicological studies on the risk assessment of these blooms and suggest changes in environmental legislation.

Liquid chromatographic post-column oxidation method for analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins in mussels, clams, scallops, and oysters: single-laboratory validation.

A single-laboratory validation study was conducted for the LC post-column oxidation analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST): saxitoxin (STX); neosaxitoxin (NEO); gonyautoxins (GTX) 1-5; decarbamoyl gonyautoxins (dcGTX) 2 and 3; decarbamoyl saxitoxin (dcSTX); and N-sulfocarbamoyl-gonyautoxin-2 and 3 (C1 and C2) in mussels (Mytilus edulis), soft shell clams (Mya arenaria), scallops (Placopectin magellanicus), and oysters (Crassostrea virginicus). The instrumental technique was developed for the analysis of PST in shellfish as an alternative to the precolumn oxidation method, AOAC Official Method 2005.06, and a replacement for the current AOAC biological method 959.08. The method used reversed-phase LC with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection. Test materials for method recovery were prepared by fortification of blank material with a cocktail of PST. Materials used to determine method repeatability and intermediate precision were prepared by blending blank material with naturally incurred material. The target total toxicity levels evaluated in the study were 0.40, 0.80, and 1.60 mg STX x diHCl equivalents per kilogram [(eq/kg) 1%, 1, and 2 times the regulatory limit]. Linearity, recovery, and within-laboratory precision parameters of the method were evaluated. Correlation coefficients of the calibration curves for all toxins studied were > 0.99. Total toxin recovery ranged from 94 to 106% at the three levels of interest. Repeatability and intermediate precision RSD ranged from 2 to 7% and 2 to 8%, respectively. The method LOD and LOQ (assuming the presence of all toxins) were determined to be equivalent to 0.18 and 0.39 mg STX x diHCl eq/kg. The method is intended for a regulatory framework and will be submitted for an AOAC collaborative study.

Single-laboratory validation of the microplate receptor binding assay for paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish.

A single-laboratory validation (SLV) study was conducted for the microplate receptor binding assay (RBA) for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in shellfish. The basis of the assay is the competition between [3H]saxitoxin (STX) and STX in a standard or sample for binding to the voltage dependent sodium channel. A calibration curve is generated by the addition of 0.01-1000 nM STX, which results in the concentration dependent decrease in [3H]STX-receptor complexes formed and serves to quantify STX in unknown samples. This study established the LOQ, linearity, recovery, accuracy, and precision of the assay for determining PSP toxicity in shellfish extracts, as performed by a single analyst on multiple days. The standard curve obtained on 5 independent days resulted in a half-maximal inhibition (IC50) of 2.3 nM STX +/- 0.3 (RSD = 10.8%) with a slope of 0.96 +/- 0.06 (RSD = 6.3%) and a dynamic range of 1.2-10.0 nM. The LOQ was 5.3 microg STX equivalents/100 g shellfish. Linearity, established by quantification of three levels of purified STX (1.5, 3, and 6 nM), yielded an r2 of 0.97. Recovery from mussels spiked with three levels (40, 80, and 120 microg STX/100 g) averaged 121%. Repeatability (RSD(r)), determined on six naturally contaminated shellfish samples on 5 independent days, was 17.7%. A method comparison with the AOAC mouse bioassay yielded r2 = 0.98 (slope = 1.29) in the SLV study. The effects of the extraction method on RBA-based toxicity values were assessed on shellfish extracted for PSP toxins using the AOAC mouse bioassay method (0.1 M HCI) compared to that for the precolumn oxidation HPLC method (0.1% acetic acid). The two extraction methods showed linear correlation (r2 = 0.99), with the HCl extraction method yielding slightly higher toxicity values (slope = 1.23). A similar relationship was observed between HPLC quantification of the HCI- and acetic acid-extracted samples (r2 = 0.98, slope 1.19). The RBA also had excellent linear correlation with HPLC analyses (r2 = 0.98 for HCl, r2 = 0.99 for acetic acid), but gave somewhat higher values than HPLC using either extraction method (slope = 1.39 for HCl extracts, slope = 1.32 for acetic acid). Overall, the excellent linear correlations with the both mouse bioassay and HPLC method and sufficient interassay repeatability suggest that the RBA can be effective as a high throughput screen for estimating PSP toxicity in shellfish.

Mussels and Self-Organization

Mussels and Self-Organization

Natural Approaches for Optimal Sleep

Alternative and Complementary TherapiesVol. 14, No. 4 Natural Approaches for Optimal SleepChris D. Meletis and Nieske ZabriskieChris D. MeletisSearch for more papers by this author and Nieske ZabriskieSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:20 Aug 2008https://doi.org/10.1089/act.2008.14402AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byEffect of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Extract on Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disruption and Excitation in Mice27 May 2022 | Nutrients, Vol. 14, No. 11The impact of tryptophan supplementation on sleep quality: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression3 May 2021 | Nutrition Reviews, Vol. 80, No. 2Dieckol, a Major Marine Polyphenol, Enhances Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice via the GABAA-Benzodiazepine Receptor17 April 2020 | Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol. 11Characterizing Eckol as a Therapeutic Aid: A Systematic Review18 June 2019 | Marine Drugs, Vol. 17, No. 6Triphlorethol A, a Dietary Polyphenol from Seaweed, Decreases Sleep Latency and Increases Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice24 April 2018 | Marine Drugs, Vol. 16, No. 5Effects of blue mussel (ME) water extracts on pentobarbital-induced sleep and the sleep architecture in mice28 February 2015 | Food Science and Biotechnology, Vol. 24, No. 1Natural Sleep Aids and Polyphenols as Treatments for InsomniaMarine polyphenol phlorotannins promote non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice via the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor1 February 2014 | Psychopharmacology, Vol. 231, No. 14The Potential Health Benefits of the Subtropical Fruits Kiwifruit, Feijoa and Tamarillo24 June 2013Total Phenolics and Total Flavonoids Contents and Hypnotic Effect in Mice of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Seed ExtractEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 2013Neuropharmacological Properties of Marine Plants4 March 2013Phlorotannins of the edible brown seaweed Ecklonia cava Kjellman induce sleep via positive allosteric modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A–benzodiazepine receptor: A novel neurological activity of seaweed polyphenolsFood Chemistry, Vol. 132, No. 3Hypnotic effects and binding studies for GABAA and 5-HT2C receptors of traditional medicinal plants used in Asia for insomniaJournal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 132, No. 1 Volume 14Issue 4Aug 2008 Information© 2008 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Chris D. Meletis and Nieske Zabriskie.Natural Approaches for Optimal Sleep.Alternative and Complementary Therapies.Aug 2008.181-188.http://doi.org/10.1089/act.2008.14402Published in Volume: 14 Issue 4: August 20, 2008PDF download

DENSITIES AND COVER DATA FOR INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS IN THE GULF OF MAINE, USA, FROM 2003 TO 2007

Experimental clearings in macroalgal (Ascophyllum nodosum) stands were made in 1996 to determine if mussel beds and macroalgal stands on protected intertidal shores in New England represent alternative community states. Uncleared control plots and four sizes of circular clearings, which mimicked ice scour events, were established in A. nodosum stands at 12 sites on Swan's Island, Maine, USA. The purpose of this data set is to provide access to data on densities and percent cover in the 60 experimental plots from 2003 to 2007 and to update data from 1996 to 2002 that are already published in Ecological Archives. Data include densities of mussels (Mytilus edulis and Modiolus modiolus), an herbivorous limpet (Tectura testudinalis), herbivorous snails (Littorina littorea, Littorina obtusata), a predatory snail (Nucella lapillus), a barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides), and fucoid algae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus), and percent cover by mussels, barnacles, fucoids, and other sessile organisms.

CONTENIDO DE MERCURIO EN CONSERVAS DE MEJILLONES, BERBERECHOS Y NAVAJAS COMERCIALIZADOS EN GALICIA (ESPAÑA)MERCURY CONTENT IN TINNED MUSSELS, COMMOM COCKLES AND RAZOR SHELLS COMMERCIALIZED IN GALICIA (SPAIN)

Molluscs accumulate heavy metals and impose health hazard to consumers. Mercury is considered as a metal not essential and very toxic. Concentrations of mercury were determined for tinned mussels, common cockle and razors shell, commercialized in Galicia (Spain). Previous sample digestion process in acid medium in microwaves, for the analysis, an anodic stripping voltammetric technique, using a gold disc as working electrode, has been used in order to obtain the metal concentrations in muscle, liver and covering liquid. Results for complete molluscs, expressed in ppm and fresh weight, presented the greater levels in mussels (0.27), followed by common cockle (0.20) and finally the razors shell (0.08). In the portions, mercury contents were: liver > covering liquid > muscle. All observed concentrations of mercury were below the maximum limit permitted for human consumption; therefore, it does not constitute a risk for consumer health. Resumen Los moluscos acumulan metales pesados y ponen en riesgo la salud del consumidor. Entre estos metales, el mercurio está considerado como no esencial y muy tóxico. Se determinó la concentración de mercurio en mejillones, berberechos y navajas, en conservas comercializadas en Galicia (España). Las porciones de músculo, hepatopáncreas y líquido de cobertura se sometieron a un proceso de digestión, en medio ácido, en microondas. El mercurio se analizó por voltamperometría de redisolución anódica con electrodo de oro. Los resultados para molusco completo, expresados en ppm y peso fresco, mostraron los mayores niveles para mejillones (0,27), seguidos de berberechos (0,20) y finalmente las navajas (0,08). El contenido de mercurio por porciones fue: hepatopáncreas > líquido de cobertura > músculo. Todas las concentraciones de mercurio estuvieron por debajo del límite máximo permitido para consumo humano. Por tanto, su consumo no supone riesgo alguno para la salud del consumidor. Palabras clave: Metal, mercurio, mejillones, berberechos, navajas

Thermal Criteria for Early Life Stage Development of the Winged Mapleleaf Mussel (Quadrula Fragosa)

ABSTRACT The winged mapleleaf mussel [Quadrula fragosa (Conrad)] is a Federal endangered species. Controlled propagation to aid in recovering this species has been delayed because host fishes for its parasitic glochidia (larvae) are unknown. This study identified blue catfish [Ictaluris furcatus (Lesueur)] and confirmed channel catfish [Ictaluris punctatus (Rafinesque)] as suitable hosts. The time required for glochidia to metamorphose and for peak juvenile excystment to begin was water temperature dependent and ranged from 28 to 37 d in a constant thermal regime (19 C); totaled 70 d in a varied thermal regime (12–19 C); and ranged 260 to 262 d in simulated natural thermal regimes (0–21 C). We developed a quantitative model that describes the thermal-temporal relation and used it to empirically estimate the species-specific low-temperature threshold for development of glochidia into juveniles on channel catfish (9.26 C) and the cumulative temperature units of development required to achieve peak excystmen...

Direct inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry analysis of trace elements in muscle tissues of hairtail using electrothermal vaporization with slurry sampling.

A procedure for direct determination of trace elements in muscle tissue of hairtail was developed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and electrothermal vaporization with slurry sampling. Due to use of polytetrafluoroethylene as the chemical modifier, the vaporization behaviors of analytes from the slurry and the aqueous standard solutions were very similar. In this case, the aqueous standards could be used for the calibration of slurry samples. The main factors influencing this method were studied systematically. The detection limits for Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb were 3.1, 10.5, 176, 6.9, and 83 ng/mL, respectively, and the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb in hairtail samples with satisfactory accuracy and precision. A certified reference material of mussel (GBW 08571) was analyzed, and good agreement was obtained between the results from the proposed method and certificate values.