Mussel Shell Waste Research Articles

Bio responsive block: The performance of bio waste material with reduced environmental impact

The key purpose of this research is to establish guidelines on how to manage Bio Waste Material. A field study was performed to examine the environmental problems caused by Bio Waste Material that is made up of Perna Viridis (PV) shells, the latter of which is a common type of mussel found in Bang Ja Kreng Community, Samut Songkhram Province. This area is a fishery location and experiences vast quantities of shell waste, which ultimately impacts community pollution. It is not possible to dispose of this waste in a traditional manner and there are no specific locations where the shells can be dumped. Consequently, most people secretly dispose of them in mangrove forests or along public roadsides. Thus, in order to facilitate future use, the researcher conducted an analytical investigation to examine material performance. The temperatures at which mussel shells were burned were 400, 800, and 1200 °C. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a device that examines X-ray diffraction through layers of atoms or molecules in materials or sample substances, was Utilised to Analyse their elements. Furthermore, this analytical investigation also included X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a tool to examine the elemental compositions. It was discovered that burning altered the chemical structure at different temperatures. Portland cement contained the same components. It was revealed that CaO constituted as much as 80.14 % of the weight below 1200 °C. In general, CaO was discovered to constitute up to 64.73 % of the weight when comparing cement. It is a substance that is used to research cement reduction when manufacturing Bio-Responsive Blocks. In order to compare lower costs and larger profits, the compound was divided into different ratios. An ANSYS simulation was used to Analyse the material properties and create three models: one for a single concrete Block and another for an 80 × 80 cm wall. The experiments did not involve the use of columns or beams. Instead of using the wall as a load-bearing wall, the goal was to add value to the product processing of mussel shell waste and determine how it can be recycled and reused beneficially (i.e., to improve sustainability or create a pleasant community environment.

Catalytic Conversion of Jatropha curcas Oil to Biodiesel Using Mussel Shell-Derived Catalyst: Characterization, Stability, and Comparative Study

Biodiesel represents a promising solution for sustainable energy needs, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional fossil fuels. In this research, we investigate the use of a catalyst derived from mussel shells to facilitate biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil. Our findings from X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis emphasize the importance of carefully selecting calcination temperatures for mussel shell-based catalysts, with 1100 °C identified as optimal for maximizing CaO content. We identify a reaction time of 6 h as potentially optimal, with a reaction temperature of approximately 110 °C yielding the desired methyl ester composition. Notably, a methanol-to-oil ratio of 18:1 is the most favorable condition, and the optimal methyl ester composition is achieved at a calcined catalyst temperature of 900 °C. We also assess the stability of the catalyst, demonstrating its potential for reuse up to five times. Additionally, a thorough analysis of J. curcas Methyl Ester (JCME) biodiesel properties confirmed compliance with industry standards, with variations attributed to the unique characteristics of JCME. Comparing homogeneous (NaOH) and heterogeneous (CaO) catalysts highlights the potential of environmentally sourced heterogeneous catalysts to replace their homogeneous counterparts while maintaining efficiency. Our study presents a novel approach to sustainable biodiesel production, outlining optimal conditions and catalyst stability and highlighting additional benefits compared with NaOH catalysts. Therefore, utilizing mussel shell waste for catalyst synthesis can efficiently eliminate waste and produce cost-effective catalysts.

Enhancing the utility of freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) Shell waste as an abrasive substance in toothpaste

Untapped potential lies in the solid waste of freshwater mussel shells. Indeed, the shells possess a substantial amount of calcium. Valorization is essential for enhancing added value by utilizing calcium as an abrasive ingredient in toothpaste. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of toothpaste containing abrasive components derived from freshwater mussel shells. The research procedure consisted of the production of CaO flour and the synthesis of hydroxyapatite through the calcination method. The test parameters consisted of evaluation of toothpaste preparations, analysis of calcium content, and antibacterial activity of S. aureus in 4 toothpaste formulations, namely T1 (CaO flour), T2 (commercial CaCO3), T3 (hydroxyapatite), and T4 (commercial toothpaste). Except for treatment T1, the results demonstrated that toothpaste’s pH, spreadability, and foam formation fulfilled toothpaste quality standards. Every treatment’s toothpaste had a homogenous paste with good cleaning abilities. Treatment T2 had the greatest calcium level in toothpaste, measuring 2132.5 ppm. Subsequently, toothpaste T3 and T4 had antibacterial properties, however T1 and T2 did not possess any antibacterial action. The toothpaste formulation including hydroxyapatite as an abrasive, known as treatment T3, can be determined as the most effective.

Influence of Preheat Temperature Variation on Single Screw Extrusion for Characterizing PLA, PCL, and HA Biocomposite Filaments

Fractures and ligament injuries often require bone fixation, commonly through Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) with compression plates and screws. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are considered sustainable due to their potential to reduce emissions and have a minimal adverse impact on the environment. Currently, there is extensive research into producing biocomposite filaments, though there remains limited exploration of the impact of preheat temperature on filament properties. This research explores the effects of varying preheat temperatures in a single screw extruder to achieve biocomposite filament as candidate for biodegradable bone implants. Biocomposite filaments made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL) in an 85:15 ratio, with 5% hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from green mussel shell waste. Biocomposite mixture was cut into sub-5mm fragments and extruded at 175°C with preheat temperatures between 159°C and 168°C. Filaments were used to fabricate specimens via a 3D printer, following ASTM D790 standards. Specimens were analyzed using X-Ray Diffractometer, Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscope, density measurements, three-point bending tests, and biodegradation assessments. Results show that preheat temperature variations significantly affect the filament’s crystallinity index, impacting density and mechanical properties. Higher preheat temperatures result in a lower crystallinity index, decreasing density and potentially increasing degradation rates.

Distribution Analysis of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) in Banyuurip Village, Ujung Pangkah District, Gresik Regency

The aim of the research was to determine the Distribution analysis of Perna viridis diversity based on the suitability map for green mussel cultivation, analysis of community perceptions and the condition of water bodies. Perna viridis aquaculture is suitable for the waters of Banyuurip village based on the variables of sea depth, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and substrate radiance data. Heavy metal content of Pb is located and distributed in polluted areas. It was found that the potential for green mussel aquaculture is greater in warm water habitats, i.e. closer to the coast. In addition, the northeast was identified as a suitable habitat for green mussels. The mid-ocean area in the north-west is of low suitability due to the lack of substrate and chlorophyll. Analysis of community attitudes and behaviour showed that people remain enthusiastic about green mussel farming, although green mussel shell waste remains an environmental problem. Heavy metal analysis of green mussel samples showed that green mussels are still safe for consumption. Therefore, the main conclusion is that the habitat of Perna viridis in the waters of Banyuurip Village still has potential for cultivation, but the waters must be free from pollution.

Characterization and Synthesis Hydroxyapatite from Scallop Mussel Shells Prepared by the Microwave-Assisted Precipitation Methods

The need for bone implants is constantly increasing every year as the population of older people, accidents, and bone diseases increase. Various solutions, such as autograft, allograft, and artificial endoprosthesis, have been developed by researchers. Ceramic or bio-ceramic materials become very attractive as bone implants due to their high biocompatibility. One of the most commonly used bio-ceramics today is hydroxyapatite (HAp). Hydroxyapatite is one of the biomaterials that are widely used as biomedical materials, such as bone fillers, bioactive implant coatings, bone tissue repair systems and drug distribution. Kabupaten Gresik is famous for its fisheries, including the scallop mussel shells. The scallop mussel shells (Ruditapes philippinarum) is a species of shells that is widely cultivated in the Kabupaten Gresik. Using scallop mussel shell wastes as hydroxyapatite raw material can reduce shell waste volumes and production costs. Several methods for producing hydroxyapatites include hydrothermal, sol-gel, mechanochemical, wet chemical and microwave methods. Hydroxyapatite synthesis with the microwave method has the advantages of efficient heating, environmentally friendly and economical. This study aims to characterize and synthesize hydroxyapatite using scallop mussel shell waste prepared using microwave-assisted precipitation methods in the Gresik Regency. The research was carried out to convert the scallop mussel shells resulting from calcination with the crystal phase Ca(OH)2 into hydroxyapatite using the microwave method. The synthesis process with the method of microwaves at the power of 450 watts for 2.5 minutes. From the synthesis results, hydroxyapatite was then characterized by XRD and SEM tests. The XRD tests carried out formed 99.1% crystallinity of hydroxyapatite.

Use of hydroxyapatite powder derived from green mussel shell wastes for coating on AISI 316L

This study aimed to determine the effect of preheating AISI 316L metal substrate on the adhesion strength of the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer derived from green mussel shell waste deposit by the flame spray method. The deposition experiment was carried out in a spray gun with a distance of 10 mm with preheat of 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C. A sample without preheating was also a comparison. An optical microscope was for assessing the thickness and uniformity of the HA surface layer. The adhesion strength of the coatings followed the ASTM D4541 Standard. As a result, the adhesion strength of the HA coating increases with increasing preheat temperature. However, using Image-J software, at an initial heating temperature of 600 °C, the adhesion strength of the coating changed from adhesion- to adhesion-cohesive strength, leading to an increase in coating strength noted. The result can add knowledge to understanding the flame spray method for the HA-coated from green mussel shell waste on AISI 316L. The results obtained can increase knowledge to understand the method of flame spraying on HA-coated green mussel shell waste on AISI 316L. Preheat temperature, spray gun shooting distance, HA powder release, oxygen gas pressure, and LPG gas pressure can be used as references.

Pembuatan Papan Komposit dari Limbah Plastik (PVC) dan Cangkang Kupang Merah

Kebutuhan papan saat ini terus mengalami peningkatan oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukukan dengan memanfaatkan limbah PVC dan limbah cangkang kupang merah sebagai bahan baku pembuatan papan komposit sehingga dapat menaikan nilai dari limbah PVC dan limbah cangkang kupang merah.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran filer dan perbandingan komposisi cangkang kupang merah dengan PVC terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis papan komposit. Pembuatan papan komposit ini dilakukkan dengan cara mencampurkan serbuk cangkang kupang dengan PVC kemudian perlakuan yang diberikan dengan melakukan variasi ukuran cangkang kupang 20, 30,40,50,dan60 mesh dan perbandingan komposisi antara PVC dengan cangkang kupang yaitu 30%:70%, 40%:60%, 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 70%:30% kemudian dicetak dan dilakukan pengempaan dengan suhu 120oC menggunakan hot press selama 60 menit. Sehingga dari penelitian diperoleh hasil kerapatan terbaik pada kondisi 60 mesh dan perbandingan komposisi 30%:70% dimana nilai densitas atau kerapatan 1,234gr/cm3, sedangkan untuk kadar air,pengembangan tebal, dan kuat patah didapat hasil terbaik pada kondisi 60 mesh dengan perbandingan komposisi 70%:30% dimana persentase kadar air 0,3108%, presentase pengembangan tebal 0,138% , nilai kuat patah (modulus of repture) 1092,57 Kgf.

Mussel Shells from Marine Aquaculture Act like Ecosystem Engineers: Legacy Effects on Benthic Communities

Ecosystem engineers are organisms that cause changes in the physical state of biotic and abiotic structures that modulate the availability of resources to other species, thus affecting biochemical cycles. Molluscs, especially bivalves such as mussels, are widespread in coastal environments and they are excellent ecosystem engineers because of the durability of their shells, which add complexity and heterogeneity to benthic environments. The presence of mussel farms favours the accumulation of shells in benthic environments and may influence surrounding bare sediments, with potential legacy effects on benthic communities. We studied the effects of the accumulation of mussel shells at finfish farms and mussel farms by experimentally comparing bare sediment and sediment with fragmented shells in terms of the abundance of the most relevant faunal groups, specifically polychaete families as well as physical–chemical variables in sediment water samples, specifically organic matter (OM), redox potential, and acid-volatile sulphides (AVS) NH4+ and PO43−. The experiment was replicated under two environmental conditions over a period of 35 days: eutrophic muddy sediments and oligotrophic sandy sediments. The OM and AVS values were significantly higher in the eutrophic sediment with mussel shells. Only NH4+ was positively affected by the mussel shells in the oligotrophic conditions. Differences between the two environments were observed, and the effect of the mussel shells on the polychaete assemblages was more significant in the oligotrophic conditions. Mussel shell accumulations affected the structure of benthic assemblages by modifying their heterogeneity and complexity, which suggests that the presence of mussel farms above bare sediment may affect ecosystem functioning. Aquaculture has potentially negative or positive effects that must be addressed on a large scale, considering the increased input of organic matter and also the simultaneous presence of mussel shell waste, both of which alter the surrounding environment. This is particularly important in oligotrophic sandy sediment.

INOVASI LAPIS PONDASI ATAS CTB (CEMENT TREATED BASE) MENGGUNAKAN SUBTITUSI POFA DAN LIMBAH CANGKANG KERANG HIJAU

During the current administration, the construction sector, especially toll road infrastructure in Indonesia, has increased. This will increase the amount of cement production to meet construction needs. Even though the cement industry is one of the contributors to gas emissions. In addition, the plantation sector can be optimized as an alternative construction material. Such as palm shell waste (POFA), which contains the same content as cement. The fisheries sector can also be optimized as an alternative construction material. such as green mussel shells which have the same content as cement, which is pozzolanic. Based on these problems, the purpose of this research is to optimize palm oil shell waste and green mussel shells as cement substitution materials in CTB to reduce gas emissions. The method used is research and experimentation by partially substituting cement by 10% and 20% using POFA. 5% and 10% use green mussel shell waste which will later be compared with the CTB Job mix formula which complies with the general specifications by testing the compressive strength of concrete and analysis of CTB work unit prices per 1 m3. The results of this study revealed that the highest compressive strength of 5.5 MPa occurred in 20% POFA substituted CTB and 10% green mussel shells. This compressive strength is higher than Normal CTB. However, from the results of price analysis it can be seen that 20% POFA substitution CTB and 10% green mussel shells require a 3.7% higher cost than the Normal CTB price or a difference of Rp.19,792.22.

Efek Amelioran pada Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis

Ameliorant is a substance that can increase soil fertility by improving the soil's physical, chemical, and biological conditions, and it can be organic or inorganic. Some ameliorants often used are manure, lime, or a combination of all these fertilizers. This study aimed to determine the effect of ameliorants on the growth and production of sweet corn. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta, from July to October 2022. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design with five ameliorant treatments and five replications, so there were 25 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of three plants. The treatments given were P0 (without ameliorant as control)), P1 (calcite 5 g/plant), P2 (dolomite 5 g/plant), P3 (green mussel shell waste 5 g/plant, and P4 (zeolite 5 g/plant). The results showed that ameliorants gave similar results as controls and did not increase the growth and production of sweet corn plants.
 
 Keywords: ameliorant, green mussel shell, soil pH

Micro/Nano Structural Investigation and Characterization of Mussel Shell Waste in Thailand as a Feasible Bioresource of CaO.

Mussel shell waste, which is regularly disposed by households, restaurants, markets, or farms, causes environmental problems worldwide, including in Thailand, because of its long decomposing time. Owing to a large amount of calcium (Ca) content from calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in mussel shell waste, many Thai local businesses grind the shell waste into powder and sell it as a source of Ca. Generally, these powdered waste shells are a mixture of various types of mussel shell waste. In this study, we investigated and characterized powdered mixed waste shells sold in a local Thai market (called mixed shell powder) and ground shells from waste green mussel shells (called green mussel shells) prepared in the laboratory after calcination at different temperatures (800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C). Mixed shell powder containing five different types of mussel shells and green mussel shells were calcined for 2 h and 3 h, respectively. The time used for calcination of mixed shell powder and green mussel shells was different due to the different particle sizes of both shell wastes. We found that an optimal temperature of 1000 °C completely converted CaCO3 to CaO in both samples. The nanoscale size of CaO was detected at the surface of calcined shells. These shell wastes can be used as a bioresource of CaO.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Green Mussel Shell with Sol-Gel Method

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a major component of bones and teeth. HAp is widely used to repair, fill, extend, and reconstruct damaged bone tissue. HAp is used for bone and dental implants, so it is necessary to synthesize HAp. HAp synthesis can utilize green mussel shell waste as a calcium precursor. This research synthesized HAp from a green mussel shell using the sol-gel method. The controlled synthesis parameter was pH, and the variable being compared was the heating temperature at 900 and 1100 °C. The HAp products were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer, and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that HAp was formed at alkaline pH, namely at pH 11. The XRD pattern showed that Hap was formed along with type A apatite carbonate, octacalcium phosphate, α- and β-tricalcium phosphate. The crystallinity was increased by raising the temperature and prolonging the heating time. The quality of HAp will improve with increasing crystallinity, and increasing the temperature will also raise the amount of HAp formed.

Removal of zinc from surface runoff by using recycled mussel shell waste as treatment media, with and without heat treatment

Stormwater control measures (SCMs) are essential to manage runoff in urban areas. Mussel shell waste has been recently proposed as sustainable treatment media in SCM to remove metals from runoff. In this study, a group of laboratory-scale column experiments were conducted to investigate the use of crushed mussel shell waste to remove dissolved zinc from actual roof runoff during different filtration flow rates (1, 3, 5, 10 L/min). Heat-treated mussel shells (TMS) and untreated mussel shells (UTMS) were utilized as treatment media with two column depths (1.0 m and 0.8 m). The microstructures and chemical characteristics of TMS and UTMS were examined by using a group of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) tests before and after the filtration process, and water samples were analyzed by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument. TMS and UTMS showed consistent high removal efficiency for dissolved zinc with (>98%) efficiency during 1 L/min filtration rate. The average removal performance was estimated at >94% and >82% for the 1.0 m and 0.8 m column depths of TMS media, and >92% and >72% for the 1.0 m and 0.8 m depths of UTMS media, respectively. The heat treatment improved the removal of zinc with significant statistical difference (i.e. p < 0.05) during short contact times (0.8 m depth, and high filtration rates). Mussel shell waste showed practical removal performance of zinc even during high filtration rates (>5 L/min). Mussel shell waste showed potential benefits as a sustainable and cost-effective filtration media for removal of dissolved zinc in future stormwater systems. • Mussel shell waste showed high removal efficiency for zinc in runoff (>92%). • Heat treatment improved the ability of shells to remove zinc. • Organic matters attached to mussel shells slowed the removal of zinc. • Coarse crushed shells (>4.75 mm) support higher filtration rates through filtration media. • Mussel shell provided practical removal performance (>72%) during high filtration rates.

Utilization of green mussel shell waste for calcium carbonate synthesis through the carbonation method with temperature variation

In this study, PCC (precipitate calcium carbonate) was synthesized from green mussel shell waste via calcination and subsequent carbonation methods. Organic substances were removed from green mussel shell powder using a 5-hour calcination at 900 °C. Furthermore, the carbonation method was used in the Ca (NO3)2 solution at constant stirring speed with pH control by NH4OH, followed by the injection of carbon dioxide at 50, 70, and 90 °C temperature variations to precipitate calcium as CaCO3 (PCC). According to Rietveld’s quantitative XRD analysis, PCC products at 50 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C exhibited primarily calcite and aragonite phases, with a significant needle-like morphology of aragonite growth during synthesis. Aragonite growth appears to have increased with increasing temperature. The results show that a simple, low-cost approach to green recycling works.

Water sorption, thermal, and fire resistance properties of natural shell‐based epoxy composites

AbstractIn this study, walnut shell (WSh), hazelnut shell (HSh), and mussel shell (MSh) waste as inexpensive reinforcements were recycled for the preparation of epoxy composite materials. Subsequent used inexpensive fillers are chars (WShC and HShC), which are the pyrolysis solid products of the natural WSh and HSh wastes. Three types of epoxy resins: bisphenol‐A type (DGEBA), modified with polyurethane (MER with PU), and rubber modified (MER with rubber) epoxy resins were used as the matrix in MSh composites. Thermogravimetric analysis of the composites showed that the thermal strength of the epoxy matrix increased significantly with the MSh and chars. The best water sorption results were obtained with the MSh. The contact angle values of MSh composites prepared with DGEBA epoxy resin were quite high (111°–113.5°) and their water retention values ranged from 0.2% to 0.32%. The composites that were produced using 50 wt% chars and the same epoxy resin showed better flammability stability. The full extinction times were determined as 63 and 58 s for WShC and HShC composites, respectively.

Removal of phosphorus from water using calcium-rich organic waste and its potential as a fertilizer for rice growth

Mussel shell (MS) waste was upcycled as value-added products, namely an adsorbent for P removal from lakes and P fertilizer after adsorbent use. Calcination improved the P adsorption capacity of MSs by changing the mineral structure from calcite (CaCO3) to lime (CaO) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) and enhancing the elution amount of Ca2+. The MSs were calcined at the optimum calcination temperature of 800 °C (CMS-800) and then used to adsorb P in aqueous solution to form hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)). The pseudo-first-order and Langmuir models were well fitted to kinetic and equilibrium P adsorption by CMS-800. The maximum adsorption capacity of CMS-800 obtained from the Langmuir model was 66.70 mg/g. The adsorption amount of 88.40 mg/g at a pH of 3 decreased to 58.48 mg/g at a pH of 7, but increased again to 91.16 mg/g at a pH of 11. Anions coexisting in the P solution reduced the amount of P adsorbed by CMS-800; their effects were in the order of SO42- > HCO3- > > Cl- > NO3-. Two centimeters of CMS-800 in a fixed-bed column showed a P removal rate of 50.92% (4.29 mg/g) until saturation. The initial and final earthworm weights after the addition of CMS-800 and P-adsorbed CMS-800 (P-CMS-800) did not show a statistically significant difference. P-CMS-800 was present mainly in the form of Ca-bound P and residual P, which accounted for 43.07% and 55.64% of the total, respectively. The medium level of P-CMS-800 (0.73 g/kg soil) promoted plant growth by increasing major agronomic traits. CMS-800 can be used as an effective adsorbent to remove P from water, and P-CMS-800 can be used as a substitute for P fertilizer in rice cultivation.

Comparison of Chitosan Characterization from Mussel Shell Waste Using Varying Concentration of Solvents

Massive amounts of mussel shell waste are generated and wasted from the aquaculture processing sectors, resulting in environmental pollution. This material contains chitosan as a valuable compound characterized as a non-toxic structural component with several food processing applications or medicinal applications. In this research, mussel shells were processed using different solvents concentrations in several stages: demineralization, deproteination, decolourization, and deacetylation. Our result showed that the C2 samples gained a high degree of deacetylation (31.8±0.21%) with low moisture and ash content and medium weight of yield. Further research is recommended to purify chitosan using various instrumentation and assess its bioactivity.

Properties of Sustainable Concrete with Mussel Shell Waste Powder

Background: The management of marine waste is a major concern in several countries. Recycling shell waste in concrete formulations may be one of the alternatives for producing sustainable materials at a lower cost. Objective: In this research paper, the performance of ground mussel waste for non-structural concrete formulation has been investigated. Methods: Two alternatives were explored in this research. The first aimed at incorporating treated Mussel Powder (MP) for partial substitution of cement (6, 12, and 24% by weight). The second aimed to investigate the feasibility of using MP as an additive with a proportion of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight of cement. Physico-mechanical properties of advanced composites have been studied in both fresh and hardened state through several laboratory tests. Results: The test results indicated that the inclusion of the MP allowed the formulation of concretes with normal density and lower air content. The mechanical behavior was characterized using new formulas adapted to the newly formulated concretes. Based on the obtained results, the treated MP could be used as a cement substitute with a proportion up to 12% or as a mineral additive with a percentage of 3% to produce a non-structural concrete that meets the normative requirements in terms of compressive and tensile strength. Conclusion: The recycling of mussel waste in concrete will contribute to the preservation of the environment by reducing the quantity of shellfish waste. The concept of “green” concrete can be achieved through the use of the formulated concretes in the paving works or as a blinding concrete.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG KERANG HIJAU DENGAN VARIASI SUHU PEMBAKARAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN SEMEN PADA PEMBUATAN BETON

This research aims to utilize green mussel shell waste as a partial replacement for cement by establishing the best temperature that should be used to obtain the chemical substance if the sehell ashes to optimize the chemical substance for replacement of cement. This research replaces 10% of total weight cement with shell ash which has been combusted with a temperature of 700 ° C, 800 ° C and 900 ° C and control concrete. The compressive strength of the concrete plan is 20 MPa. Concrete mix design is 1:2:3. The results of this study indicate with subtitutes 10% semen with green shell ash with temperature 700 ° C, 800 ° C and 900 ° C is 20,53MPa; 16,76 MPa and 19,74 MPa and for control concrete has compressive strength 20,18 MPa. The maximum concrete compressive strength was obtained on the concrete of green shell ash with a combustion temperature of 700 ° C which is 20.53 MPa. In the concrete the green shells ash with a burning temperature above 700 ° C experience a decrease in compressive strength and cannot meet the compressive strength of the plan.