Exploring how to utilize images to enrich music teaching content and provide a more visually impactful learning experience is an important topic. Therefore, this paper introduces a convolutional neural network-based algorithm for extracting audio features to construct a music visualization model. By identifying features such as note pitches, it enhances pitch recognition and integrates with CNN algorithms for audio information visualization. Experimental results demonstrate an accuracy rate exceeding 97%, showcasing the significant advantage of this method in visualizing audio information in music multimedia classrooms. It provides technical support for bringing a new visual experience to music education.