Museum Employees Research Articles

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ЗАРОЖДЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ КОВРОВОГО ПРОМЫСЛА В СЕЛЕ БУТКА СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (1950-2012 гг.)

On the base of archive - documental and expeditionary materials, in this article was shows history of emergence, formation, periods of development of original carpet craft in the village of Butka, Sverdlovsk Region. The history of Butkin carpet weaving is considered in the context of artel and factory forms of development of the main carpet weaving centers of the 20th century in Russia. The role of the personality of Maria Andreevna Razlivinskikh (14.09.1919–12.02.1995), who contributed to the cultural heritage of the region, namely the development of carpet weaving, is determined. The author’s field materials from several ethnographic expeditions supplement the study. The article may be of interest to local historians from the point of view of preserving the regional cultural heritage. This article may be helpful for historians, museum employees and other people, interested in preservation of regional cultural heritage.

Gribanov Readings — 2022 as a Platform for Discussing the History and Development of Book Culture in Russia

The All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation “Gribanov Readings — 2022” was held on December 14—16, 2022 at the National Library of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The article discusses the problems of the book culture of the regions of Russia; this theme was in the focus of attention of conference participants and was the subject of scientific discussion at the plenary session and in the course of the sections: “National and local history bibliography: history, status and new horizons”, “Reading infrastructure: research, exchange of experience”, “Historical and cultural studies to preserve the cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North, Siberia and the Far East” and “Digital transformation of libraries”. Within the framework of the conference, there were organized the round table “Modern Library Education: exchange of opinions of practitioners and theorists, managers and performers, teachers and students, readers and librarians” and the First Regional Festival of Scientific Research Cinema “Science Cinema”. The conference aroused great interest in the professional and scientific community. More than 130 specialists took part in it — theorists and practitioners of library and information activities, experts in the book industry, philosophers, historians, ethnographers, cultural scientists, art historians, employees of archives and museums from 30 regions of Russia, as well as from Belarus, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. The conference was aimed at identifying the main vectors of the history and current trends in the development of book culture in the regions of Russia, assessing the role of books and reading, bibliography, modern book publishing, discussing the key issues of the domestic book market, finding ways to digitally transform libraries and preserve the best traditions of the development of the book industry.

State-of-the-Art Capabilities of Computer Graphics in Museum Lighting Modelling

Computer graphics and technologies have currently come a long way from engineering methods of environment and space parameter calculation. In the spheres of light engineering and lighting design, it is time to switch to modelling of illumination using mainly graphic lighting effects and imagery rather than digital values. Such transfer is impossible without trying to form the methodology and recommendations for 3D modelling of illumination. The authors of this article attempt to describe the key approaches to 3D modelling of museum illumination using contemporary software. The operating lighting installation of one of the halls of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts is used as an example. Based on the achieved results of the research, we tried to describe the methodology and to provide recommendations for quality design and modelling of illumination in any exhibition spaces. The described methodology may be useful both for lighting engineers, architects, designers, and for curators and museum employees. The former may use the methodology for technical approach and implementation of museum illumination while the latter may use it to find a common language with the former and to compile more accurate terms of reference for them.

Museum and tourism activities in spreading the Nanai traditional beliefs

In the Khabarovsk Region (Russia), museums and tourist activities are supposed to safeguard traditions in favour of Nanai and other Indigenous communities. However, paradoxically, the employees of museums and travel agencies diverge from the local Nanai communities both in their business interests and in their interpretation of the nature of the traditions preserved. Without worrying about introducing some bold creative innovations and overcoming the boundaries of traditions and ethnicity, they actually strive to “safeguard the Nanai traditions” not for the Nanai and without the Nanai.However, the new format of museum and tourist activities, which involves the use of participatory methods, has recently begun to form a new innovative reality that could probably suit both opposing sides. Previously, most of the Nanai population were prejudiced against museums and tourism and wary of the risks associated with storing and publicly showing some traditional praxis and objects (especially sacred ones). Currently, however, museums and touristic organisations have started to support innovative ways of continuation of Nanai spiritual practices, bringing them, on the one hand, beyond the ethnic borders and turning museums and tourist sites into places of worship whatever their ethnicity. On the other hand, these institutions contributed to the revival of Nanai spirituality within Nanai communities, giving them a new shape in the communicative space of intercultural dialogue constituted by museums.

LOSS OF TRUST AS A GROUND FOR DISMISSAL OF AN EMPLOYEE WHO SERVES CULTURAL VALUES: A PILOT DECISION OF THE SUPREME COURT

The Code of Labor Laws contains many additional grounds for dismissing an employee, including, in particular, loss of trust. Until 2006, this prescription of the Code was limited only to the loss of confidence in employees who service monetary and commodity values. In this regard, there is a number of scientific literature and judicial practice that can be characterized as stable. However, in 2006, the legislator expanded the scope of application of this additional basis to employees who serve cultural values, which include employees of museums, archives, historical reserves, etc. There was no judicial practice that would give a general picture regarding the application of the provisions of the Code to this category of employees. That is why the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of dismissal of the museum employee is significant. This pilot decision of the Court of Cassation will have a significant impact on judicial practice in similar cases, and is also a significant step in the development of labor law doctrine, which is why it requires scientific commenting and analysis. The general historical analysis clearly showed how the norm, which appeared mostly as a tool of a repressive character, evolved and gained special importance precisely as a special tool for regulating labor relations. The above case is a good illustration of the effectiveness of such prescriptions of labor legislation and an example of its effective application to special subjects of labor relations. Therefore, in the process of recodification of labor legislation, this norm must be preserved. The Supreme Court is not just about substantiating its legal opinion in the motivational part, but actually working out an algorithm of actions or proposing a toolkit that courts should apply when considering similar cases. As it has been repeatedly emphasized, it is through the mediation of quasi-precedents that judicial practice makes certain norms more clear and transparent, and offers criteria for their application. Key words: loss of trust, termination of employment contract, court practice, quasi-precedent decision

The Museum as a Product Provider: the Impact of Its Emotional Intelligence on Customer Satisfaction

Growing competition in the field of culture, the need to compete in the leisure entertainment market forces museums to adapt to new conditions and rethink the structure of the institution, how exhibitions are created and presented, and other accompanying programs services. Meanwhile, museums still lack visitor satisfaction surveys, they are rarely conducted, and questionnaires help to understand the sociodemographic and social aspects of the audience but do not help the museum to find out what the visitor expected and whether the services met their expectations. Therefore, to stay creative and competitive in the marketplace, museums must consider the needs of their visitors, but at the same time keep in mind their emotional intelligence as a product and service provider. The organization’s emotional intelligence is a very important factor that can affect visitor satisfaction. The emotional intelligence of the museum employees has not yet been studied in museums with the aim of calculating whether it can correlate with visitor satisfaction with the museum. All research conducted so far has analyzed visitor satisfaction but did not consider museum staff as the most important link in the process.

Assessment of DNA Damage in Blood of Iraqi Museum Workers

: This study was done to evaluate the risk of natural alpha emitter's concentrations in blood of museum employees and any potential DNA damage that may be linked to it. The current research was conducted on employees in State board of antiquities and heritage, Abd alkarim qasim museum and Iraqi museum. Blood samples were collected from 30 participants in employees group and 30 participants in controls group that was collected from general population. Alkaline comet assay has been used to assess DNA damage in lymphocytes of participants. The results showed higher DNA damage and in employees compared with control group high comet L/W value (1.56) (1.1).Thesmokers have increased average L/W value compared to participants who never smoked in employee group. From this study concluded based on these results, exposure of museum employees and archaeologists to natural ionizing radiation may have increased risk to DNA damage and cancer compared to non-occupational employees.

Museology as a humanitarian science

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the main theoretical and methodological provisions of museology as a humanitarian science. Its basic concepts are formulated from idealistic positions, its methodology is defined. As an object, the ideas of a person who creates a museum reality to achieve influence on the consciousness of other people are considered. The idea of a particular museum, realized in objective reality, is defined as the subject. The subject of museology is also the process of realization of ideas – the functioning of museum reality and the process of its perception by visitors. The purpose of the museum is to make certain changes in the consciousness and attitude of another person – a visitor. The methodology of museology as a humanitarian science is based on the method of understanding, which provides comprehension of the ideas underlying the museum. Methods play a special role: communicative and construction. The goals of the museum determine its functions, the most important is the communicative one, it is she who realizes the main goal of the museum – to convey ideas and feelings from the museum employee to the visitor. The ways to achieve the goal may change with changing attitudes in society, while the museums themselves and their functions change. The main factor determining the role and social significance of museums is a person's interest in them, which manifests itself when the ideas embedded in their foundation correspond to the main ideological ideas prevailing in society and help people solve their vital problems. A museum should be relevant only when it plays an important role in the life of society. The next stage in the development of museology as a humanitarian science is its approbation in the course of solving scientific and practical tasks facing a museum employee.

MUSEUM LOKA BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS CENDERAWASIH SEBAGAI SUMBER KEBENDAAN DALAM PENULISAN SEJARAH LOKAL TRADISIONAL DI PAPUA

This study aimed to identify the existence of the Cenderawasih University Cultural Workshop Museum in Jayapura in an effort to use it as a source of “material” for writing traditional local history in Papua. This study uses qualitative data analysis. The data and information came from the curator of the museum, as well as the results of interviews with informants and museum employees. Then the results were clarified and interpreted according to the unit of discussion so that answers are obtained for the formulation of the problems posed. Research showed that currently the Loka Budaya Museum has a collection of approximately 900s from the first 1500s. Collection In the form of human creations made from wood, roots, grass, leaves, feathers and animal skins; copper and pottery. Every object had a description or explanation from prehistoric times to contemporary times. Consists of models of residential buildings, such as statues, traditional houses, war clothes, oversized clothes, defense shields, as well as tools needed in human life, such as axes, hoes, means of exchange, rifles, bowls, plates, musical instruments, means of transportation, etc. This collection of human creations has represented 7 tribal areas in Papua. Although there are some that have not been covered. Its existence is as a "store" of the identity of various ethnic groups in Papua. The fact that the local cultural museum has not been ogled by historical observers and historians even though the objects are evidence of the identity and civilization of the wearer. This is an important part that the collection of ethnographic objects in this anthropological study is not just "dead" display objects with their myths but will produce stories or stories that are structured into traditional historigraphic narratives that add to the repertoire of local history in Papua.Keywords: Museum; Loka Budaya; Matter; Local History; Traditional

Awareness of Linked Open Data Among the Employees of Polish Libraries, Archives, and Museums

Purpose/Thesis: This article presents the results of a survey conducted in January 2021 among employees of Polish libraries, museums, and archives, examining their awareness of open linked data technologies. The research had a pilot character and its results will be used to improve the questionnaire and to conduct research on a wider scale.
 Approach/Methods: The survey method was used in the study.
 Results and conclusions: On the basis of answers received, it can be concluded that open linked data is not yet very well-known among employees of Polish libraries, museums, and archives. Those most aware of technologies allowing for machine understanding of content shared on the Web are doctorate degree-holders employed in research libraries. Furthermore, awareness of the projects using LOD technologies does not correlate with awareness of these technological solutions.
 Research limitations: The number of respondents (415) constitutes 1% of all the people employed in libraries, archives, and museums in Poland (based on data provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland). This is not a large number, but considering the variety among the respondents, the sample can be considered representative.
 Originality/Value: The awareness of Linked Open Data among employees of Polish libraries, archives, and museums has not been the subject of any study so far. In fact, this type of research has not been conducted in other countries either.

Partnerstwo publiczno-społeczne. Współpraca Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Warszawy z Muzeum Historycznym m.st. Warszawy w latach 1963−2002

By the end of the 1960s, cooperation between museums and associations could be noticed in Poland, today we would call it a model public-social partnership. An example of this is the cooperation between the Society of Friends of Warsaw (TPW) and the Historical Museum of the Capital City of Warsaw, which took place from 1963 and lasted uninterrupted for many years, even after the death of prof. Stanisław Lorentz, director of the National Museum in Warsaw, co-founder and first president of TPW. The result of this cooperation was cultural, research and educational activity. In the field of this cooperation, a branch of the Historical Museum of the Capital City of Warsaw − the Museum of Wola - was founded. The establishment of this facility was initiated by the members of the Wola branch of TPW. Another cultural event organized in cooperation between the museum and the association was the organization of not only collector's exhibitions, but also the holding of symposia, scientific sessions and lectures. From the very beginning, one of the basic tasks of the museum and the goals of the Society of Friends of Warsaw was to spread knowledge about Warsaw's turbulent past. This article presents the undertaken and implemented projects in a chronological manner, finding a common space of activity so as to consolidate the community of Warsaw historians, art historians, museologists, Varsovianists and collectors. Cooperation in the public and social field contributed to the enrichment of the cultural offer in the city, thanks to which the majority of residents and tourists visiting the capital could take advantage of it. Cooperation between TPW and the Historical Museum of the Capital City of Warsaw developed significantly and went beyond the city. Museum employees and social activists from TPW passed on to the next generations knowledge about the material and non-material heritage of the capital. To this day, many exhibits made available for exhibitions by private persons remain in the collections The Museum of Warsaw.

From the history of museum work in Crimea: Activities of the Russian Society for the Study of the Crimea — Society for the Study of the Crimea (1922–1932)

The article deals with the museum direction in the popularization and research activities of the Russian Society for the Study of Crimea — the Society for the Study of Crimea against the background of the active development of the local history movement in the USSR in the 1920s and early 1930s. Three main forms of cooperation between the public scientific organization and the museum institutions in the region are traced: the participation of the Society members in the work of museums, and in creating new museums of local history (in Alushta and Kerch); publications of employees of Crimean museums about the profile work of institutions on the pages of the Society’s printed organ — the scientific journal “Krym”; author’s methodological articles of members of the Society on museum topics on the pages of the journal “Krym” (K.E.Grinevich, V.G.Opalov). Consideration of the plots of cooperation between amateur local historians, professional historians, archaeologists, ethnographers and museum workers allows us to form a comprehensive picture of the atmosphere and moods that were decisive in the scientific and social movement of the first decades of Soviet power. The dynamics of local history initiatives, the change of priorities in popularizing work helps to trace the patterns of transformation of the local history movement by the beginning of the 1930s. This was fully reflected in museum work, particularly in the leveling of any creative independence of museum teams and their incorporation into the structure of state ideological apparatus. This led to a crisis in the local history and museum movement and contributed to the unleashing of harassment and repression against local Soviet historians and museum workers, both at the all-Union and regional levels.

Итоги историко-этнографических экспедиций Алтайского государственного краеведческого музея в Красногорский и Волчихинский районы Алтайского края

The article presents brief results of historical and ethnographic expeditions of museum employees to the Krasnogorsky and Volchikhinsky districts of the Altai Territory. Emphasis has been placed on materials on manufacturing and crafts in the areas as one of the components of the life support culture.

Участие женщин в формировании и развитии музейного дела Томского университета (1880-е - начало 1920-х гг.)

The authors of this article highlight the contribution of women to the creation and functioning of museums of Tomsk University. The using of authentic sources suggests that in the early years of the university's creation, the participation of women in the museum science was limited to charity. Women donated collections of their deceased relatives to Tomsk University or donated their own collections of museum objects. It is known about the generous gift of F.E. Tsibulskaya, Siberian gold-miner' widow. She donated a collection of Siberian minerals to the university. Anna Nordenschild (Smit), the widow of the Norwegian collector Gustav Nordenschild, presented a large collection of butterflies. It was highly appreciated by the head of the University Zoological Museum, professor Kashchenko. It mentioned that among the women-donors were ordinary townswomen, and high-society ladies. For example, the collection of coins and tokens, sent to Tomsk by E.V. von Geyser, the Minister of Public Education I.D. Delyanov had accompanied. The situation was changed by the law of July 3, 1914. This law allowed women to work in university museums on equal terms with men. The implementation of the law began in 1915. The Ministry of Public Education sent additional assignation for the maintenance of educational and auxiliary institutions (offices, laboratories, museums) of the Imperial Tomsk University. In 1915-1916, the first female employees were admitted to the museums of Tomsk University. Graduates of the Siberian Women's Courses Taisiya Tripolitova, Enafa Nikitina and Lidia Sergiyevskaya worked at the Botanical Museum (Herbarium)) on a permanent basis. They participated in scientific expeditions conducted under the leadership of professor of Botany Department V.V. Sapozhnikov, as well as the curator of the Botanical Museum P.N. Krylov. They processed their herbariums, published the first scientific articles. Elizaveta Kiseleva, a graduate of the Siberian Women's Courses, worked at the Zoological Museum. Under the guidance of Professor M.D. Ruzsky, she collected a collection of ants and was engaged in the processing and description of this collection. In 1919, E.F. Kiseleva collaborated at the Institute of Siberian Studies. She studied the fauna of the Ob River and brought a collection of Ob fish to the Zoological Museum. So the study of the causes of the “fish kill” in Ob River was began. In addition to full-time employees in Tomsk University museums female students who specialized in the study of Siberian vegetation worked as well. Their collections replenished the Herbarium of Tomsk University and were used for scientific and educational purposes. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that at the turn of the 1910-20s, Tomsk University formed a core of women researchers, around whom professional museum employees were concentrated.

Regulacje szczególne dotyczące czasu pracy w muzeach. Ujęcie krytyczne

This article analyses the provisions of the law on cultural activity regarding the working time of employees in museums. The provisions of the Act cover a very diverse group of entities, in particular: theatres, operas, operettas, philharmonics, orchestras, film institutions, cinemas, museums, libraries, cultural centres, art centres, art galleries and research and documentation centres in various fields of culture. The scope of their activities and the resulting need to organise the working time of their employees are radically different. As a result, when referring to the institution described in this article, i.e. a museum, the regulations on working time contained in the Act on cultural activity are often inadequate to the actual principles of operation.It is also very important that working time regulations, especially those referring to the necessity of respecting the employee’s free time, are classified as second generation human rights. Restrictions on employee rights in this area should be deeply justified. Meanwhile, with reg ard to museum employees, the time regulations contained in the Cultural Activities Act raise serious objections.

FROM THE HISTORY OF MUSEUMS OF THE IMPERIAL NOVOROSSIYA UNIVERSITY: FORMATION, ACTIVITY AND FATE

An attempt was made to illuminate the history of the formation and functioning of the museum network of the Imperial Novorossiya University (1865–1920) on the basis of scientific literature, published documents and historical sources for the first time introduced into scientific circulation. The article solved the legislative and organizational foundations of the formation of the museum business at the university, describes the activities of the leaders and employees of the university museums in the acquisition, processing, storage, exhibiting and use of museum collections in the scientific and educational process. The activity, profile and departmental affiliation of museums, their funding and sources of funds formation are characterized. The funds of the museums were divided into expositional, educational and scientific, and in the distribution of emphasis between these complexes, more attention was paid to the scientific and educational significance of the acquired artifacts. All the heads of the museum were representatives of the teaching staff of the faculties of the university. They played a leading role in the educational, methodological, scientific and organizational activities of museums. Their scientific heritage is part of the genesis of many branches of science. In the activities of museums, there were recessions and ups, caused, first of all, by the instability of funding from the leadership of the university. The dependence on random circumstances and the frequent change of regular staff led to the unevenness of their development. Foremost, the situation was saved by donations received both from representatives of the teaching staff, patrons and benefactors, and from ordinary citizens, which testifies to the public’s concern for the fate of the museums of the leading university in the south of the Russian Empire. It has been established that, thanks to the successful organization and systematic work of their managers and employees, museums of INU have significantly expanded the range of their actions and influence on educational and scientific processes from year to year, thereby making a significant contribution to the development of national museology. The closure of the university in 1920 and the subsequent reorganization of museums caused irreparable damage to the process of cultural development. As a result of the reorganization of the entire network of cultural and educational institutions, museums underwent a radical transformation in 1923.

“Only this Theatre, Faithful and True, Can Preserve the Distinctive Identity...”

Abstract This article explores the complex role played by the staff of open-air museums in the Czech Republic, their relationship with the communities they work with, and their impact on the intangible cultural heritage outside the museum gates. It further explores the considerable role played by researchers active in policy making at open-air museums. The position of open-air museums is rather intricate from the perspective of communities and the state administration, with many different roles and tasks that allow and sometimes even encourage open-air museum employees to transform heritage rules or create new ones. Our conclusions are based on several case studies illustrating how the staff of Czech open-air museums build their relationships with communities, groups and individuals and how this collaboration effects the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. Ethical issues related to museum interpretation and perceptions of interpreted elements by the public are also discussed.

STRATEGIES TO INCREASE THE TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE DECEMBRISTS PARK IN KAMIANKA

The paper presents historical facts about the town of Kamianka in Cherkasy region, famous historical figures that lived in this area and their guests ‒ world famous and respected. The analysis of natural resources and objects in the territory of the Decembrists Park is given, their tourist attractiveness for the organization and carrying out of excursions for tourists and wide sections of the population of Ukraine and visitors from other countries of the world is proved.
 The purpose of the study is to analyze tourist resources and determine a strategy to increase the tourist attractiveness of the Decembrists Park in Kamianka.
 Analytical, statistical methods, comparison methods, etc. were used during the research.
 The article proves that the tourist potential of the Decembrists Park in Kamianka in Cherkasy region meets the requirements for its tourist importance at the global level and motivates to create appropriate programs for its preservation and improvement of tourist potential at the level of local government agencies, the state as a whole, and internationally.
 The article summarizes the arguments on the issue of defining appropriate indicators for the development of a strategy to increase the level of tourist attractiveness of the Decembrist Park in Kamianka.
 According to the results of the research, it was concluded that garden and park landscapes are not only the decoration of the respective territories, but have natural, social, historical and cultural significance for the development of communities; contribute to the promotion of tourist and sightseeing facilities; motivate to preserve the natural, historical and cultural heritage of the region.
 The results of the study can be useful for workers in the field of tourism and services; scientists, teachers, students of higher educational institutions who master the specialty "Tourism", as well as for employees of museums, historical and local lore reserves, cultural and architectural institutions; local governments and state institutions of culture, art, etc.

Minat Kunjungan Wisatawan Museum Gunungapi Merapi

This paper is based on exploratory studies conducted at the Merapi Volcano Museum (MGM) with the aim of finding out the factors that influence interest in tourist visits. The methodology used in this study is based on field studies, through observation instruments, interviews, and questionnaires. The research respondents were domestic tourists who were taken randomly, the snippet technique as the primary data source was several museum employees and managers. The factors of tourist interest are identified through three things, namely the attraction of objects, accessibility and amenities.The results of the study found that the three main factors driving tourists' interest in visiting the Merapi Volcano museum were mainly due to the presence of amenities, especially in the provision of vast parking lots, the presence of new Merapi Park destinations, the presence of toilets and the existence of various tourist facilities typical of Kaliurang. The existence of the facilities provided by this management has been responded positively by the tourists as expected by management

The Role of e-Government and Digitalization for the Museum Development in Bulgaria

The process related to the preservation and popularization of the cultural heritage as well as the access to information resources are among the main priorities of the present information society. With regard to the museums, assumptions can be made that a process of affirmation of the role of e-government for promoting museum development in Bulgaria starts to delineate. Opportunities in legal and financial terms emerge for access to public information presented in the museums as cultural institutions in Bulgaria. This applies even in emergency situations, as with COVID-19, in which the present information and communication technologies as well as digitalization enter gradually in many public sectors, including museum activity. The hypothesis is that offering new access forms to various resources through digitalization promotes the activity of museum employees, thereby encouraging alternative forms for information access. The report examines legal and regulatory documents, in which are addressing issues connected to e-government, through content analysis. The text evaluates publications in museum websites in Bulgaria in order to settle whether there are good practices with respect to digitalization and museum facilitation.